Ib lub sijhawm ntxhov siab tshaj plaws hauv qhov kev tsim kho yog pom tias koj luv luv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vim yog qhov yuam kev yooj yim ntawm kev suav. Thaum yuav khoom hlau vov tsev , cov lej ntawm daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua yuam kev; ib lub vaj huam sib luag teev ua '39 ntiv tes dav' tsis tshua muaj 39 ntiv tes ntawm koj lub ru tsev. Qhov tsis sib xws tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho lub cev qhov dav thiab qhov dav dav dav dav yog qhov ua rau kev txiav txim yuam kev, kev npaj nyiaj txiag tsis txaus siab, thiab kev teeb tsa tseem ceeb.
Precise width xaiv yog hais txog ntau tshaj li tsuas yog ua kom cov nplooj ntawv haum rau sab-los-sab. Nws hais txog kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub ru tsev, kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev, thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua rau nws. Kev suav tsis raug ntawm no ua rau muaj cov khoom tsis txaus uas cuam tshuam cov haujlwm lossis cov khoom pov tseg ntau dhau uas ua rau cov peev nyiaj siv tau. Txawm hais tias koj yog tus tswv tsev npaj kho dua tshiab lossis tus neeg cog lus suav txog kev tawm mus, kev nkag siab txog qhov ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Phau ntawv qhia no ntsuas Roofing Sheet dav thoob plaws ntau qhov profile, suav nrog Standing Seam, Corrugated, thiab Ribbed panels. Peb yuav rhuav tshem cov qauv kev lag luam rau cov vaj tse thiab kev lag luam, piav qhia lej tom qab 'overlapsing,' thiab muab cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab los pab koj xaiv qhov dav vaj huam sib luag rau koj qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev xav tau zoo nkauj.
Ntsiab Cai
Qhov '36-Inch Rule': Rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab DIY nthuav tawm-fastener panels (xws li PBR lossis Classic Rib), 36 ntiv tes yog qhov dav dav ntawm kev lag luam.
Architectural Variance: Hidden fastener systems (Standing Seam) khiav nqaim, feem ntau 12 mus rau 18 ntiv tes, kom txo tau cov thermal txav (roj canning).
Lub Lap Factor: Ib txwm suav cov kev xav tau ntawm kev yuav khoom raws li kev pabcuam zoo , tsis yog tag nrho daim ntawv dav . Ib daim ntawv 39-nti feem ntau tsuas yog npog 36 ntiv tes xwb.
Kev lag luam tawm: Cov vaj huam sib luag dav txo qis lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tab sis ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev tuav thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev pom rippling.
Standard Roofing Sheet Widths los ntawm Vaj Huam Sib Luag Profile
Thaum koj xauj cov catalogs lossis tham nrog cov tuam txhab, koj yuav pom sai sai tias cov qauv dav dav sib txawv nyob ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag system. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yuav tsum pub ib lub voj voog ntawm cov hlau los ntawm cov yob qub. Raws li lub tshuab khoov cov hlau los tsim ribs, seams, los yog corrugations, lub vaj huam sib luag zoo 'shrinks' nyob rau hauv dav. Yog li ntawd, qhov tob ntawm qhov profile, ntau lub coil tau noj, feem ntau ua rau lub vaj huam sib luag nqaim.
Hauv qab no yog ib qho kev sib cais ntawm cov qauv dav raws li peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau vov tsev.
| Vaj Huam Sib Luag |
Hom Kev Pabcuam Dav Dav |
Lub Cev Dav (kwv yees) |
Daim Ntawv Thov Thawj |
| Exposed Fastener (Ag / PBR) |
36 ntiv |
38 '- 39' |
Agricultural, Industrial, Chaw nyob |
| Standard Corrugated |
24 '- 32' |
26'-34' |
Accent roofs, Barns, Siding |
| Sawv ntsug |
12'-18' |
14'-20' |
High-end Residential, Commercial |
| 5 V Crimp |
24 ntiv |
26 ntiv |
Coastal/Traditional Residential |
Exposed Fastener Panels (Corrugated & Ribbed)
Rau feem coob ntawm cov vaj tsev ua liaj ua teb, ncej barns, thiab cov phiaj xwm kev siv nyiaj hauv tsev, '36-nti vaj huam sib luag' yog tus qauv kev lag luam uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov tshuab no, feem ntau hu ua 'Ag Panels,' 'PBR Panels,' lossis 'Classic Rib,' yog tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Standard Coverage: 36 ntiv tes yog tus lej golden. Qhov loj me no tso cai rau cov neeg teeb tsa los xam cov kev pab cuam yooj yim (xws li, lub ru tsev 30-ko taw dav yuav tsum tau raws nraim 10 panels).
Lub cev dav: Yuav kom ua tiav 36 ntiv tes ntawm qhov kev pab cuam, daim ntawv tiag tiag feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm 37.75 ntiv tes thiab 39 ntiv tes dav. Cov khoom siv ntxiv no tsim qhov 'sidelap' - ntu ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag uas sib tshooj ntawm daim ntawv uas nyob ib sab los tsim lub foob tsis muaj dej.
Variations:
Classic Corrugated: Ib txwm wavy profiles feem ntau tuaj hauv qhov dav dav, xws li 24 ntiv mus rau 32 ntiv tes, nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm yoj.
5V Crimp: Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm no, nto moo rau nws siv ntawm cov tsev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov tsev nyob hauv ntug dej hiav txwv, feem ntau muaj 24-nti dav dav.
Cov vaj huam sib luag dav no tau nyiam rau cov haujlwm loj. Yog tias koj tab tom npog lub tshuab loj loj, siv 36-nti panels txo qis tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv koj yuav tsum tau ua piv rau qhov nqaim architectural profiles.
Standing Seam Systems (Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tso Cai)
Tsiv mus rau hauv kev lag luam vaj tsev thiab cov tsev nyob qib siab, cov vaj huam sib luag tau nqaim dua. Sawv ntsug tshuab, uas zais cov fasteners hauv qab seam rau superior weatherproofing thiab zoo nkauj, tsis tshua muaj tshaj 18 ntiv tes nyob rau hauv dav.
Standard Range: 12 nti rau 18 nti.
Vim li cas Narrower? Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog los tswj 'roj canning' (pom pom waviness nyob rau hauv lub tiaj tiaj ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag) thiab tswj cov txheej txheem rigidity. Lub vaj huam sib luag nqaim yog nruj thiab nyob twj ywm flatter dua lub vaj huam sib luag dav.
Snap-Lock Profiles: Cov no muaj ntau hauv cov vov tsev thiab feem ntau tuaj hauv 16-nti lossis 18-nti dav. Qhov dav 16-nti yog suav tias yog 'qhov chaw qab zib' rau cov tsev niaj hnub, ntsuas qhov nrawm nrawm nrog qhov muag pom.
Mechanically Seamed: Cov vaj huam sib luag no tau kaw nrog lub tshuab thiab feem ntau siv rau cov ru tsev lag luam qis. Thaum lawv tuaj yeem tsim los rau kev cai dav dav, 16 ntiv tes tseem yog tus qauv coj mus muag kom ntseeg tau tias cov cua thauj khoom tau ua tiav.
Tshwj xeeb & Architectural Profiles
Tshaj li tus qauv ribbed thiab seamed profiles, tshwj xeeb cov kev xaiv muaj nyob rau tej yam architectural teebmeem:
Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib thiab Batten: Tsim los ua kom zoo nkauj ntsug ntoo, cov vaj huam sib luag no nqaim heev, feem ntau muab 8 mus rau 12 ntiv tes ntawm kev pab.
Insulated Hlau Panels (IMPs): Cov no yog tag nrho-hauv-ib qho nyuaj panels uas muaj cov tub ntxhais ua npuas ncauj. Siv feem ntau rau kev lag luam phab ntsa thiab ru tsev cladding, lawv muaj ntau qhov dav, xws li ntawm 30 ntiv tes mus rau 42 ntiv tes, vim tias cov tub ntxhais ua npuas dej muab cov rigidity uas ib daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj.
Qhov Tseem Ceeb Tseem Ceeb: Tag Nrho Dav vs. Kev Pabcuam Zoo
Ib qho yuam kev feem ntau DIYers thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis paub dhau los ua yog xaj cov ntaub ntawv raws li qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv es tsis yog qhov kev pab cuam zoo. Qhov kev ua yuam kev no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov project yog 5% mus rau 10% luv luv ntawm cov khoom, ua rau cov xim tsis sib haum thaum rov xaj lossis nqi thauj khoom kim heev.
Cov lej ntawm Overlap
Txhua Roofing Sheet system yuav tsum muaj kev sib tshooj ua haujlwm. Qhov sib tshooj no yog qhov dav 'sacrificial' uas ua kom cov dej tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag. Lub mechanism ntawm lub puab tsaig dictates dav npaum li cas koj poob.
Piv txwv li, xav txog tus qauv ribbed vaj huam sib luag. Ib ntug ntawm daim ntawv yog 'underlap' (ib nrab tav uas zaum ntawm lub ru tsev lawj), thiab lwm lub ntug yog 'overlap' (ib tug tag nrho tav uas zaum saum tus neeg nyob ze lub underlap). Yog tias koj yuav ib daim ntawv uas ntsuas 38 ntiv tes los ntawm ntug mus rau ntug, thiab tus qauv tsim yuav tsum muaj 2-nti sib tshooj, koj qhov kev pab them nqi tsuas yog 36 ntiv tes xwb.
Tus nqi cuam tshuam
Kev tsis lees paub qhov dav dav muaj qhov cuam tshuam txog nyiaj txiag tam sim. Piv txwv tias koj muaj ib lub ru tsev uas yog 60 ko taw dav (720 nti).
Yog tias koj xaj 19 panels raws li qhov dav ntawm lub cev, koj yuav tawm qhov sib txawv ze li ntawm 4 feet ntawm koj lub ru tsev. Ib txwm txheeb xyuas qhov 'Cov Kev Pabcuam Dav' spec ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej ua tiav koj qhov ntau.
Rib Height Impact
Qhov tob ntawm qhov profile kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov dav dav. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau yuav steel coils hauv cov qauv dav dav (feem ntau 40 txog 42 ntiv tes). Yog hais tias lub vaj huam sib luag profile muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus, siab tav (piv txwv li, 1.5 ntiv tes lossis siab dua), cov hlau ntau dua yog siv los ua cov ceg ntsug. Qhov no yoojyim steel rau lub tiaj tus dav, uas ua rau ib tug nqaim tiav vaj huam sib luag. Hloov pauv, daim ntawv corrugated qis (0.5-nti tav) siv cov hlau tsawg dua rau cov nthwv dej, tso cai rau cov ntawv dav dua los ntawm tib tus tswv coil.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas: Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov dav dav
Xaiv qhov dav qhov tseeb tsis yog hais txog yam uas muaj; nws yog hais txog kev sib piv cov vaj huam sib luag physics rau koj lub tsev ib puag ncig thiab tsim. Lub vaj huam sib luag 36-nti tsis yog qhov 'zoo dua' dua li 12-nti vaj huam sib luag - lawv daws teeb meem sib txawv.
1. Thermal Expansion & 'Oil Canning'
Hlau tsim ib qho kev sib tw tshwj xeeb: nws txav. Raws li lub hnub heats lub ru tsev, hlau nthuav; raws li nws txias thaum hmo ntuj, nws cog lus. Qhov thermal cycling no tuaj yeem ua rau 'roj canning' - pom rippling lossis buckling ntawm lub tiaj tiaj ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov teeb meem zoo nkauj thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv dej, nws tuaj yeem saib tsis pom ntawm cov tsev siab kawg.
Lub Physics: Cov npoo tiaj tiaj tsis tshua nruj thiab yooj yim dua los qhia cov ripples. Lub vaj huam sib luag 24-nti dav yuav luag yuav pom cov roj ntim khoom.
Kev daws: Txhawm rau txo qhov no, cov kws tsim vaj tsev hais kom cov vaj huam sib luag nqaim (12 txog 16 ntiv tes). Feem ntau ntsug seams ua raws li stiffeners, rhuav tshem lub tiaj tiaj qhov muag pom thiab ntxiv rigidity. Rau cov vaj tse nyob qhov twg qhov kev txwv tsis pub tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb, nqaim yuav luag txhua zaus zoo dua.
2. Cua Uplift & Fastener Ceev
Yog tias koj qhov project nyob hauv thaj chaw cua daj cua dub lossis thaj chaw muaj cua daj cua dub, lub vaj huam sib luag dav ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Cua uplift force (suction) muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov ces kaum thiab cov npoo ntawm lub ru tsev.
Wide Panels (36'): Lub vaj huam sib luag dav muaj tsawg dua nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev, txij li cov fasteners los yog clips nyob rau ntawm seams, lub vaj huam sib luag dav muaj tsawg dua cov ntsiab lus thauj tog rau nkoj ib square feet. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab cua, qhov no yuav xav tau ntxiv 'stitching' screws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm rub.
Cov Vaj Huam Sib Luag (12'-16'): Cov vaj huam sib luag nqaim ua rau muaj ntau txoj hlua hla lub ru tsev dav. Ntau seams txhais tau tias ntau clips thiab fasteners txuas lub ru tsev rau lub lawj. Feem ntau, txoj hlua nqaim nqaim nqaim muaj zog dua qhov kev tiv thaiv vim tias cov ntsiab lus txuas yog denser.
3. Ru tsev complexity & pov tseg
Lub geometry ntawm koj lub ru tsev yuav tsum hnyav heev rau koj xaiv ntawm vaj huam sib luag dav.
Yooj Yim Gables: Yog tias koj lub ru tsev yog qhov yooj yim 'nce thiab dhau' gable tsis muaj kwj lossis lub duav, dav 36-nti panels yog qhov ua tau zoo. Koj tuaj yeem npog lub ru tsev sai sai nrog cov khib nyiab tsawg.
Complex Hips / Valleys: Yog tias koj lub ru tsev muaj ntau lub dormers, kwj ha, thiab lub duav, koj yuav txiav panels ntawm cov ces kaum. Txiav 36-nti dav vaj huam sib luag ntawm 45-degree lub kaum sab xis ua rau ib daim duab peb sab loj ntawm cov khoom seem uas feem ntau siv tsis tau. Cov vaj huam sib luag nqaim tso cai rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov ru tsev nyuaj, txo qis cov khoom seem uas koj them rau tab sis pov tseg.
4. Kev zoo nkauj & nplai
Visual proportions yog subjective tab sis tseem ceeb. Lub vaj huam sib luag dav yuav tsum ntsuas nrog qhov loj ntawm cov qauv.
Cov Tsev Ua Lag Luam Loj: Ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom loj lossis chaw yuav khoom, 12-nti panels tuaj yeem saib tsis khoom thiab cluttered. Dav 18-nti rau 36-nti panels saib proportional thiab huv si ntawm loj expanses.
Chaw Nyob / Tsev Tsev: Ntawm ib lub tsev me me, 36-nti ribbed vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem saib kev lag luam, feem ntau zoo li lub tsev tsev lossis tsev. Lub 12-nti mus rau 16-nti sawv ntsug seam vaj huam sib luag ua raws li cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntoo plank vov tsev los yog cov ru tsev hlau historic, muab qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, thaj chaw nyob.
Installation Logistics & Labor ROI
Qhov dav ntawm Daim Ntawv Roofing kuj dictates qhov nrawm thiab nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa. Thaum xam tag nrho Tus Nqi Ntawm Cov Tswv Cuab (TCO), koj yuav tsum ntsuas cov nqi khoom tiv thaiv tus nqi zog.
Ua Haujlwm Ceev (Qhov 'Wide' Advantage)
Wide panels yog cov champions ntawm installation ceev. Txhim kho ib lub vaj huam sib luag 36-nti npog tib lub square footage raws li kev txhim kho peb 12-nti panels. Ntawm lub lawj loj, yooj yim lub ru tsev, qhov no txhais tau hais tias 66% tsawg dua cov vaj huam sib luag los tuav, sib dhos, thiab ceev. Rau barndominiums thiab cov tsev ua liaj ua teb, qhov kev txuag nyiaj ua haujlwm no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm 36-inch nthuav tawm cov khoom lag luam yog tus qauv.
Kev tuav & kev nyab xeeb (Qhov 'Narrow' Advantage)
Txawm tias tsawg dua cov vaj huam sib luag zoo dua, tuav lawv ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kev nyab xeeb hu ua 'sail effect.' Daim ntawv dav 36-inch uas ntev 20 feet ua zoo li lub nkoj loj. Lub cua daj cua dub nruab nrab tuaj yeem yooj yim rub lub vaj huam sib luag los ntawm tus installer txhais tes los yog khob lawv tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug. Cov vaj huam sib luag nqaim yog qhov yooj yim dua los tswj thiab thauj cov ntaiv lossis nqa, ua rau lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau qhov chaw siab lossis cua ntsawj.
Seaming Labor
Rau sawv ntsug seam ru tsev, qhov dav ncaj qha cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm seaming xav tau. Yog tias koj xaiv ib qho kev sib txuas ua ke (qhov twg cov neeg hlau lossis cov cuab yeej tes tuav lub seam kaw), 12-nti vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau peb zaug ntau npaum li kev sib khi ua haujlwm li 36-nti vaj huam sib luag (yog tias muaj). Txawm hais tias nrog snap-lock tshuab, lub vaj huam sib luag nqaim txhais tau hais tias muaj ntau qhov clips rau ntswj thiab ntau tus txiv neej / poj niam ob txhais ceg los koom, ua rau tag nrho cov txiv neej-teev ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Tus neeg yuav khoom daim ntawv teev npe: Validating Specs ua ntej Order
Ua ntej koj kos npe rau ib daim ntawv tso cai lossis tso ib qho kev txiav txim, khiav los ntawm daim ntawv txheeb xyuas no kom ntseeg tau tias lub vaj huam sib luag dav sib haum nrog koj qhov project txwv.
[ ] Txheeb xyuas 'Cov Kev Pabcuam' ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm: Muab ob npaug rau qhov kev kwv yees kom muaj nuj nqis raws li qhov dav dav dav , tsis yog qhov dav dav dav. Nug tshwj xeeb: 'Qhov no puas yog qhov dav dav?'
[ ] Kos Purlin Spacing: Xyuas kom meej tias cov vaj huam sib luag xaiv dav thiab ntsuas ntsuas tau ntsuas kom ntsuas koj qhov framing uas twb muaj lawm. Lub vaj huam sib luag 36-nti PBR feem ntau tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5 feet ntawm qhov qhib framing, qhov nqaim lossis nyias corrugated panels yuav xav tau cov khoom ntoo.
[ ] Kev txwv kev thauj mus los: Paub meej tias lub vaj huam sib luag dav (ntxiv rau lub ntim / crate) haum rau cov qauv xa khoom thauj. Kev lag luam dav dav lossis kev cai dav dav yuav xav tau daim ntawv tso cai dav dav lossis tshwj xeeb forklifts rau kev tshem tawm.
[ ] Cov Cai Hauv Zos: Hauv thaj chaw cua daj cua dub (xws li Florida's HVHZ), paub meej tias qhov dav tshwj xeeb uas koj tau xaiv muaj Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txais (NOA) lossis cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem tiv taus cua txias. Feem ntau, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav muaj kev pom zoo rau 16-nti vaj huam sib luag tab sis tej zaum tsis yog rau lawv 24-nti version ntawm tib qhov profile.
Xaus
Xaiv qhov raug hlau vov tsev dav yog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev zoo nkauj, pob nyiaj siv, thiab kev ua haujlwm. 36-nti vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv tseem yog qhov tsis muaj kev sib tw rau kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov qauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev siv nyiaj-phooj ywg nyob hauv lub ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov tswv tsev nrhiav kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev txwv tsis pub, 12 mus rau 16-nti sawv ntsug seam panels muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov roj canning thiab ib txwm pom cov nplai.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 'Kev Pabcuam Zoo' tshaj qhov ntev ntawm daim nplaum. Nco ntsoov sab laj nrog cov chaw tsim khoom lub rooj thauj khoom thiab cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa ua ntej ua tiav koj qhov kev yuav khoom kom ntseeg tau tias koj xaiv qhov dav raws li koj qhov kev tsim qauv thiab koj cov cai hauv zos.
FAQ
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov dav dav ntawm daim ntawv hlau vov tsev?
A: Nws nyob ntawm qhov system. Rau cov ntaub thaiv npog (ntau tshaj ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab tsev), qhov dav dav dav dav yog 36 ntiv tes. Rau sawv ntsug tshuab (pob ntseg fasteners), cov qauv dav dav feem ntau yog 16 ntiv tes rau kev siv hauv tsev thiab mus txog 18 ntiv tes rau kev lag luam.
Q: Kuv puas tuaj yeem tau txais kev cai dav vov tsev ntawv?
A: Yog. Ntau lub tuam txhab siv cov khoom siv txav tau yooj yim lossis lub Hoobkas teeb tsa los kho qhov dav. Txawm li cas los xij, koj raug txwv los ntawm qhov loj ntawm steel kauj (master coil). Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua ib lub vaj huam sib luag dav dua li lub tiaj tus steel coil tso cai, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua kom nws nqaim.
Q: Puas yog qhov dav hlau vaj huam sib luag pheej yig dua?
A: Feem ntau, yog. Cov vaj huam sib luag dav dua (xws li 36-nti profile) txo lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab yuav tsum muaj qhov sib tshooj tsawg dua ib square feet ntawm lub ru tsev. Qhov no txo qis tag nrho cov hlau xav tau thiab txo qis cov nqi zog ua haujlwm piv rau cov khoom nqaim.
Q: Ntau npaum li cas sib tshooj kuv xav tau rau cov ntawv hlau vov tsev?
A: Qhov sib tshooj yog tsim rau hauv qhov profile tsim. Feem ntau, koj xav tau ib lub corrugation tag nrho los yog tav los hla lub vaj huam sib luag uas nyob ib sab. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntsuas, qhov no feem ntau suav rau 2 mus rau 4 ntiv tes ntawm qhov dav ploj nyob ntawm qhov profile tshwj xeeb (xws li, 5V crimp vs. PBR).
