Intangiriro
Ruswa nikibazo gikwirakwira ku nganda nyinshi, kuva mumodoka kugeza ibikorwa remezo. Urugendo rudahwema rw'ingese ntiruhungabanya ubunyangamugayo gusa ahubwo runatera igihombo gikomeye mubukungu buri mwaka. Mu rwego rwo gukemura iki kibazo, ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurwanya ingese byateguwe kandi bishyirwa ku isoko, byizeza ko bizarinda hejuru y’icyuma ingaruka mbi za ruswa. Ariko ikibazo gisigaye: Ibikoresho birwanya Rust - birakora mubyukuri, cyangwa birakosorwa byigihe gito? Iyi ngingo yinjiye mubumenyi bwihishe inyuma yikoranabuhanga rirwanya ingese, isuzuma imikorere yabyo binyuze mu isesengura rishingiye ku nyigisho, gushyira mu bikorwa, hamwe namakuru afatika.
Ubumenyi bwa Ruswa
Gusobanukirwa niba ibikoresho birwanya ingese bikora bisaba gufata ishingiro ryangirika ubwaryo. Ingese nigisubizo cyibikorwa byamashanyarazi bizwi nka okiside, aho ibyuma bifata hamwe na ogisijeni imbere yubushuhe kugirango habeho okiside ya fer. Iyi nzira iterwa nibintu bitandukanye birimo ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, no kuba umunyu cyangwa umwanda.
Amashanyarazi
Intandaro yo gushinga ingese ni reaction ya electrochemic reaction hagati yicyuma na ogisijeni. Iyo icyuma gihuye namazi, ikora ioni yicyuma ikarekura electron. Izi electrone noneho zifata molekile ya ogisijeni, zikora hydroxide ion zihuza na ion zicyuma zigakora hydroxide yicyuma. Ibi amaherezo bigabanya umwuma kugirango ube oxyde ya fer, cyangwa ingese.
Ibidukikije
Igipimo cya ruswa cyibasiwe cyane nibidukikije. Urwego rwohejuru rwubushyuhe nubushyuhe byihutisha inzira ya okiside. Byongeye kandi, kuba hari electrolytite nkumunyu mumazi yinyanja birashobora kongera amashanyarazi, bikarushaho kwihuta kwangirika.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho birwanya ruswa
Ibikoresho birwanya ingese byateguwe kugirango bigabanye ingaruka zo kwangirika hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye. Ubwoko bukunze kuboneka harimo anode yigitambo, uburyo bwo kurinda catodiki ya none, hamwe nibikoresho byo kurinda ingese.
Anode Yigitambo
Anode yigitambo ikozwe mubyuma nka zinc cyangwa magnesium, bifite imyuka myinshi ya okiside kuruta icyuma. Muguhuza anode muburyo bwibyuma, anode yangirika cyane, bityo ikarinda icyuma. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo mu nyanja hamwe nu miyoboro yo munsi.
Gutangaza Kurinda Cathodiki Yubu (ICCP)
Sisitemu ya ICCP ikoresha imbaraga ziva hanze kugirango itange urujya n'uruza rwa electron muburyo bw'icyuma. Ibi birwanya okiside reaction ikora imiterere yose cathode. ICCP ifite akamaro muburyo bunini nk'amato n'ibigega byo kubikamo.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birinda ibikoresho
Ibi bikoresho bivuga ko bisohora amashanyarazi adakomeye cyangwa radiyo irinda ingese kubangamira inzira ya mashanyarazi. Bakunze kugurishwa kugirango bakoreshe ibinyabiziga, basezeranya kongera ubuzima bwimodoka mubidukikije byangirika.
Gusuzuma Ingaruka Zibikoresho Kurwanya Rust
Kugirango umenye niba ibikoresho birwanya ingese bikora, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibimenyetso bifatika bivuye mu bizamini bya laboratoire no mubikorwa nyabyo. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi hamwe nibizamini byakozwe murwego rwo gusuzuma imikorere yibi bikoresho.
Inyigo ya Laboratoire
Ubushakashatsi bwagenzuwe bwerekanye ko anode yibitambo hamwe na sisitemu ya ICCP bifite akamaro mukugabanya igipimo cya ruswa. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya siyanse ya ruswa bwerekanye ko zinc anode yagabanije kwangirika kwicyitegererezo cyicyuma kugera kuri 50% mugihe cyamazi y’inyanja.
Umwanya Porogaramu
Mubikorwa bifatika, ibikoresho birwanya ingese byagize intsinzi itandukanye. Anode y'ibitambo isanzwe mubikorwa byamazi, kandi sisitemu ya ICCP ikoreshwa cyane mukurinda ibikorwa remezo. Nyamara, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birinda ingese byatanze ibisubizo bidahuye. Ibizamini by'inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, nk'ibyakozwe n'ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abashinzwe ruswa (NACE), ryabonye ingaruka nke ku gipimo cya ruswa.
Inyigo
Ikintu kimwe cyagaragaye cyerekeranye no gushyiraho sisitemu ya ICCP ku kiraro cya Sydney. Umushinga watumye igabanuka ryangirika cyane, ryongerera igihe ikiraro. Ku rundi ruhande, amamodoka afite ibikoresho byo kurinda ingese ya elegitoronike yerekanaga ko nta tandukaniro rishimishije ryakozwe mu ngese ugereranije n’ibinyabiziga bidakingiwe mu gihe cyimyaka itatu.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka nziza
Imikorere yibikoresho birwanya ingese biterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ibidukikije, ubwoko bwicyuma, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryihariye rikoreshwa.
Guhuza Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho birwanya ingese bigomba guhuzwa nibikoresho bagenewe kurinda. Kurugero, anode yigitambo ikora neza nicyuma ariko ntishobora gukora neza hamwe nudusimba turimo ibyuma bidafite ferrous.
Ibidukikije
Ibidukikije bikabije bifite imyunyu myinshi cyangwa imyanda ihumanya inganda irashobora kurenga uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese. Ibikoresho bikora neza mubihe byoroheje birashobora kunanirwa mubihe bikabije.
Kwinjiza no Kubungabunga
Kwishyiriraho neza ni ngombwa. Gukoresha nabi birashobora gutuma igikoresho kidakora neza cyangwa cyihuta kwangirika. Kubungabunga buri gihe nabyo birakenewe kugirango ibice nka anode yigitambo bisimburwe mbere yuko biribwa burundu.
Ibindi nibisubizo byuzuzanya
Mugihe ibikoresho birwanya ingese bigira uruhare mukurinda ruswa, akenshi bikoreshwa bifatanije nizindi ngamba zo gukingira.
Kurinda
Gukoresha ibishishwa birinda amarangi cyangwa galvanisiyasi birashobora gutanga inzitizi yumubiri irwanya ubushuhe na ogisijeni. Urugero, ibyuma bya galvanised, bisizwe hamwe na zinc kugirango birinde ingese. Ibigo nka Shandong Sino Steel bitanga ibicuruzwa bya galvanised bikora neza Umuti urwanya ruswa .
Guhitamo Ibikoresho
Guhitamo ibikoresho birwanya ruswa nk'ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa aluminiyumu irashobora kugabanya ubwonko. Ibi bikoresho bigize pasiporo ya oxyde irinda okiside.
Kugenzura Ibidukikije
Kugenzura ibidukikije mukugabanya guhura nubushuhe nibihumanya nabyo birashobora kugabanya ruswa. Dehumidifiers, ibikingira birinda, hamwe nisuku isanzwe nuburyo bufatika bwo kugenzura ibidukikije.
Ibitekerezo by'impuguke
Abahanga mu nganda muri rusange bemeza ko nubwo ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe birwanya ingese bigira akamaro, intsinzi yabo ahanini biterwa nuburyo bukwiye n’ibidukikije. Dr. Jane Smith, injeniyeri wa ruswa muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga, yagize ati: 'Sisitemu zo gukingira Cathodic nka anode y’ibitambo na ICCP ni ikoranabuhanga ryagaragaye. Icyakora, ibikoresho byo kwirinda ingese za elegitoronike ntibifite ishingiro ry’ubumenyi. '
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'Abashinzwe Imashini (ASME) ishimangira akamaro k'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda ruswa, guhuza inzitizi z'umubiri, guhitamo ibikoresho, n'uburyo bw'amashanyarazi.
Ibyifuzo bifatika
Ku bantu n’inganda bashaka kugabanya ruswa, ibyifuzo bikurikira birashobora kuzamura imikorere yingamba zo kurwanya ingese:
Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije
Kora isesengura ryuzuye ryibidukikije kugirango uhitemo uburyo bubereye bwo kurwanya ingese. Ibintu nkubushuhe, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, hamwe nu myunyu bigomba kumenyesha guhitamo kurinda.
Kubungabunga buri gihe
Shyira mubikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga kugirango ugenzure kandi usimbuze ibice birwanya ingese nkuko bikenewe. Ibi bitanga uburinzi burambye kandi birinda kunanirwa gutunguranye.
Guhuza Uburyo
Koresha uburyo bwo kurinda ingamba. Kurugero, guhuza anode yibitambo hamwe nuburinzi birashobora gutanga inzitizi zamashanyarazi nimbogamizi zumubiri zirwanya ruswa.
Umwanzuro
Mu gusoza, ibikoresho birwanya ingese birashobora kuba ibikoresho byiza mukurwanya ruswa, ariko intsinzi yabo ntabwo ari rusange. Uburyo gakondo nka anode yo gutamba hamwe na sisitemu ya ICCP byagaragaje imikorere muri laboratoire no mumirima. Nyamara, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birinda ingese kubura inkunga ihamye. Ubwanyuma, imikorere yibikoresho birwanya ingese bishingiye ku guhitamo neza, kuyishyiraho, no kuyitaho, ndetse no gusobanukirwa n’ibidukikije bakoreramo. Gukoresha uburyo bwuzuye buhuza ingamba nyinshi zo gukingira nuburyo bwizewe bwo kurinda ruswa igihe kirekire.
Kubindi bisobanuro kubikoresho birwanya ruswa nibisubizo, tekereza gushakisha umutungo utangwa nabayobozi binganda muri rirwanya ruswa . Ikoranabuhanga
