Intangiriro
Icyuma cyagize icyogero cyingirakamaro mumico yabantu mu binyejana byinshi, kibera ibikoresho byingenzi mubwubatsi, gukora, nikoranabuhanga. The Ubwiza bw'icyuma bugena imikorere no kuramba kw'ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku cyuma, kunganda ku isi hose. Iyi ngingo irasobanura imiterere isobanura ireme ryiza ryicyuma, gusuzuma imitungo, amanota, uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro, na porogaramu kugirango itange imyumvire yuzuye yiyi sinishi yiki.
Ibigize imiti no kweza
Ibigize imiti byicyuma bigira ingaruka zikomeye. Icyuma cyo gukura cyane kirimo umwanda gake nka sulfuru, fosishorusi, hamwe nibidakoreshwa. Izi mndunduro zirashobora guca intege ubunyangamugayo bwicyuma kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yacyo. Icyuma cyiza cyiza cyerekana imiterere iringaniye hamwe nibipimo byagenzuwe bya karubone nibikoresho nka Manganese, Silicon, na Nikel. Kurugero, icyuma-gito, kizwi nkigikorwa cyicyuma, gitanga umuyoboro mwiza nubukaze, bigatuma bikwiranye nakazi ka mirongo ine ninzego zifatika.
Uruhare rw'ibirimo bya karubone
Ibikubiyemo bya karubone bigira uruhare runini mu kugena imbaraga n'imbaraga. SHAKA Icyuma, hamwe nibirimo bya karubone (mubisanzwe 2-4%), bizwi kubwimbaraga zayo zo kwikuramo no guterana ariko zibura imbaraga zamagukana no gupfukirana. Ibinyuranye, ibyuma, aluy of cyuma hamwe na karuboni igera kuri 2%, itanga uburinganire hagati yimbaraga no guhinduka. Icyuma cyiza cyo gutunganya porogaramu zikunze kugwa muri uru rwego, gitanga ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imihangayiko zitandukanye nta gutsindwa.
Umutungo na Micross
Ibikorwa by'icyuma bigira ingaruka kumitungo yayo, harimo no gukomera, imbaraga zidasanzwe, na elastike. Kuba hari ibyiciro bitandukanye nka Ferrite, Pearlite, na Cementite bigena ibyo biranga. Icyuma gihemutse kigaragaza ibikorwa bimwe bidafite ishingiro bivuye mu nero nk'uburozi cyangwa imipaka ikabije. Tekinike yo gutunganya ihanitse iyobowe nubushyuhe bukoreshwa kugirango bunonone gutunganya imiterere y'ibinyampeke, bikamura imitungo ya contractique no kureba imikorere ihamye.
Akamaro ko kuvura ubushyuhe
Inzira yo kuvura ubushyuhe, harimo no gukomera, kuzinga, no kuramba, ni urwara mugera kugera ku mico yicyuma yifuza. Izi nzira zihindura ibihangano, kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere no kunoza ubuhanga. Kurugero, kurambagiza icyuma bigabanya ubunebwe mugihe bukomeza gukomera, bikaviramo ibintu biramba. Icyuma cyiza cyuzuye cyicyuma gisobanura neza kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa.
Inganda zikoreshwa no kugenzura ubuziranenge
Uburyo bwo kubyara bwicyuma bigira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara. Ibikorwa bya Ibyuma bigezweho nkitanura ryibanze rya ogisijeni (bof) nitanura rya arc (eaf) ryemerera kugenzura neza hejuru yimiti nubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji yo guta no kuzunguruka kuzamura uburinganire n'ubwiza bw'icyuma. Ingamba zifatika zo kugenzura, zirimo isesengura ryibiciro hamwe no kwipimisha ultrasonic, menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa Ubwiza bw'icyuma.
Ingaruka z'ibintu byoherejwe
Imyitwarire yibintu nka chromium, Vatadium, na Molybdenum byongera imitungo y'icyuma, itanga imbaraga zisumba izindi, kurwanya ruswa, no gukomera. Urugero rutagira ingano, kurugero, rurimo chromium, ikora igipimo cya oIXIDE ya pasiporo, irinde ingese. Ibisobanuro byiza byumutwe bihujwe kubisabwa byihariye, bigabanya ibi bintu kugirango uhuze ibipimo bisaba imikorere munganda nkimyanya ya Aerospace na Automotive.
Kurwanya kwangirika no kuramba
RORSIONION ni ikibazo gikomeye kubicuruzwa byicyuma bigaragazwa nibintu bidukikije. Icyuma cyujuje ubuziranenge kigaragaza ko kirwanya ruswa, haba muburyo busanzwe cyangwa binyuze mu kurebera. Galvanisation, inzira yo gukoresha ipfundo rya zinc, nuburyo busanzwe bwo kuzamura iramba. Ubuhanga bwateye imbere nka GalvanneAling kandi dusaba alloy-zinc alloys itanga uburinzi buhebuje. Ibicuruzwa nka galvale icyuma, bitangwa nabakora nka Icyuma gitanga ubwiza bwicyuma , zikoreshwa cyane mugusa no kugandukira ibipimo bitewe no kurwanya ruswa.
Guteka no kuvura
Kureka galvanisation, amafutire yo kurinda nk'ifu y'ifu, gushushanya, na enamel bitanga izindi nyongera yo kwirwanaho. Ubuvuzi ntabwo butuma kurema gusa ahubwo binazamura ku bushake bwiza. Guhitamo ibice bikwiye biterwa nibidukikije nibikorwa byateganijwe, hamwe nibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bikunze kwerekana ibice byinshi birinda kubikorwa byiza.
Imitungo n'imikorere
Imitungo ya mashini, harimo imbaraga zidake, imbaraga, no kuramya, ni ibipimo bikomeye bifite ireme. Icyuma cyo hejuru cyerekana imbaraga zikaze zikaze mugihe ukomeje kwinubira, kubikesha gukurura imbaraga no guhindura nta gucika intege. Iyi mitungo ni ngombwa mubikoresho byubwubatsi, aho umutekano no kwizerwa ari byinshi. Kwipimisha bikomeye, nkibizamini bya kanseri n'ingaruka, genishya ko icyuma gihura n'ibisabwa na consect bisabwa n'amategeko yo kubaka hamwe n'ibipimo by'ubuhanga.
Kurwanya Umunaniro no gukomera
Kurwanya Umunaniro bivuga ubushobozi bwicyuma bwo kwihanganira amakuru ya Cyclic mugihe nta gutsindwa. Icyuma cyujuje ubuziranenge kigaragaza imbaraga zumunaniza, zikoreshwa mubisabwa nkirabura, gari ya moshi, hamwe nibigize imashini bikorerwa imihangayiko isubiramo. Gukomera, ubushobozi bwo gukuramo imbaraga no guhinduranya bugufi nta gucika intege, nabyo biranga icyuma gikuru. Izi mico zemeza kuramba kandi wizewe mugusaba ibidukikije.
Ibipimo n'impamyabumenyi
Gukurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga hamwe nicyemezo bisobanura icyuma cyiza cyiza. Amashyirahamwe nka ASTM Mpuzamahanga, ISO, na Sae International shiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho kubigize imiti, imiterere ya mashini, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima. Ibicuruzwa by'icyuma byubahiriza ibipimo byingwaho kandi byizewe. Impamyabumenyi nka sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge yerekana ibyo uwabikoze yiyemeje gukomeza hejuru Ubwiza bw'icyuma.
Kurikirana no gutanga inyandiko
Gukurikirana byemeza ko ibicuruzwa by'icyuma bishobora gukurikiranwa nibikoresho fatizo kubicuruzwa byanyuma. Inyandiko zuzuye, zirimo amakuru yikizamini hamwe nibikoresho, itanga amakuru arambuye kubijyanye n'imiti hamwe nubukanishi. Aka gukorera mu mucyo ni ingenzi cyane kubwuzu bwujuje ubuziranenge no kubahiriza ibisabwa kugenzura, cyane cyane munganda zingenzi nkurwego rwibikoresho bya Aerospace nubuvuzi.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mu musaruro w'icyuma
Inganda z'icyuma n'icyuma zihoraho hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigamije kunoza ubuziranenge no gukora neza. Guhanga udushya nka vacuum bigabanya umwanda, bitanga ibyuma bisukuye hamwe nimitungo yongerewe. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ibitekerezo byikora nuburyo bwubuhanga mubikorwa byo gukora biganisha ku kugenzura neza umusaruro, bikavamo ibyuma bihoraho.
Ibidukikije
Imikorere irambye itanga umusanzu mubintu rusange byicyuma. Imbaraga zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya karuboni, ibikoresho byo gutunganya, no kugabanya imyanda byerekana ubwitange bwibidukikije. Imikorere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru itunganijwe n'imikorere ifite ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije, guhura n'ibisabwa bisabwa ibikoresho birambye mu kubaka no gukora.
Gusaba Icyuma Cyiza
Icyuma cyiza cyiza ningirakamaro mubisabwa aho umutekano, kuramba, kandi imikorere ntabwo iganirwaho. Mu nganda zubwubatsi, ibiti byubatswe, gushimangira, hamwe nimpapuro bisaba icyuma gishobora kwihanganira imigezi nini nibidukikije. Abakora ibinyabiziga bishingikiriza ku mbaraga nyinshi, ibyuma byoroheje kugirango utezimbere imikorere ya lisansi utabangamiye. Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo kubaga no kutingisha utanga ultra-ibyuma byiza bya fer kugirango bibeho biyongere kandi birebire.
Kwiga Ikibazo: Icyuma-cyiza cyane mubikorwa remezo
Gukoresha icyuma gihemutse mubikorwa remezo nkibiraro nibihe bishya bishimangira akamaro kayo. Kurugero, kuramba kw'ibirombo bya Zahabu byitirirwa ireme ry'ibyuma byakoreshejwe, bihuriye n'imigenzo yo kuyitaho. Ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bisaba ibikoresho byujuje ibyangombwa Ibipimo byiza byo mu ibyuma kugirango umutekano rusange nubukungu.
Gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwo gutanga amasoko
Abanyamwuga bagize uruhare mugutanga ibyuma bigomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi kugirango babone ireme ryiza. Gusuzuma abatanga isoko bashingiye ku gukurikiza amahame, gahunda yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, n'icyubahiro ni ngombwa. Gusura urubuga, ubugenzuzi, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwabandi birashobora gutanga ubushishozi ubushobozi bwabatanze. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa ibisabwa byihariye byakurikijwe gukurikiza amashuri akwiye yicyuma nibisobanuro.
Akamaro k'Ubitanga umubano
Kubaka umubano ukomeye hamwe nabatangajwe bazwi biremeza uburyo bwo kugera kuri fer nziza. Ubufatanye bufatanye bworohereza itumanaho bu neza, inkunga ya tekiniki, nuburyo bwo guhitamo. Abatanga isoko bayobora bakunze gutanga serivisi zongewe agaciro, harimo ubufasha bwo gutoranya ibintu hamwe ninkunga yibikoresho, bitanga umusanzu mubitsinzi muri rusange bisaba kuba hejuru Ubwiza bw'icyuma.
Ibihe by'ejo hazaza mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubuziranenge
Ejo hazaza h'icyuma gisanzwe mugutezimbere byashize hamwe nuburyo bwo kumusaruro. Ubushakashatsi mu bikoresho by'icyuma byitabijwe amasezerano asezeranya iterambere ry'imbaraga-ku-bingana na ruswa. Byongeye kandi, kurera inganda 4.0 Ikoranabuhanga, nka enterineti yibintu (IOT) hamwe nubushakashatsi bukomeye bwamahirwe, butuma habaho isesengura ryamashya, rituma habaho isesengura ryamashya, rituma habaho gahunda nziza yo gukurikirana, gukomeza gukurikiranwa neza icyuma no kwizerwa.
Ingaruka zo Gukora Gukora
Inganda zinjira, cyangwa 3D zandika, ibice by'icyuma bivuga uburyo bushya bwo gushakisha geometries bigoye na geometries bigoye kandi bifite agaciro. Ubushobozi bwo guhimba Ibice hamwe ninzego zimbere zifunguye imirimo yihariye irashobora kuganisha ku iterambere rikomeye mu nganda zitandukanye. Ifu nziza yicyuma kandi igenzura neza gahunda yo gucapa ni ngombwa kugirango tumenye izo nyungu, ishimangira ubwihindurize burambye Ubwiza bw'icyuma.
Umwanzuro
Kugena ireme ryiza ryicyuma bikubiyemo gusuzuma imbaga nyamwinshi yibigize imiti, imitungo yumubiri, inzira yo gukora, hamwe nibishoboka kubiteganijwe. Icyuma gihemutse kirangwa no kwezwa kwayo, imbaraga zubuka, kurwanya ruswa, no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro ukomeje kuzamura ireme ry'icyuma, guhuza ibyifuzo by'inganda zigezweho. Mugusobanukirwa ibi bintu, abafatanyabikorwa barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye, byemeza no gukoresha icyuma gitanga imikorere myiza no kuramba. Gukurikirana indashyikirwa muri Ubwiza bw'icyuma bikomeza kuba urufatiro rwiterambere mubuhanga nikoranabuhanga, gutwara udushya no gushyigikira ibikorwa remezo duhimbaza societe.
