Kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo lolwakhiwo kunye nokuveliswa, iikhoyili zentsimbi zigqama njengokhetho olukhethwayo kwabaninzi. Udumo lwazo lusukela ekuxhathiseni kwazo umhlwa, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwizakhiwo ezivezwe kwiimeko ezimandundu zokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uhambo olusuka ekukhetheni i-coil yensimbi efanelekileyo ukuya kwisicelo sayo igcwele imingeni. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwimigibe eqhelekileyo ekuthengeni iikhoyili zentsimbi eziphekiweyo kwaye linika ulwazi malunga nendlela yokuyiqhuba kakuhle.
Ukuqonda amandla emarike
Imarike yehlabathi ye iikhoyili zentsimbi ekhandiweyo zibone ukukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, eqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno evela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa, iimoto, kunye nezixhobo zombane. Le ndlela yokukhula kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke, kunye nobungakanani bemakethi kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-250 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025, bukhula kwi-CAGR ye-5.2% ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2025.
Ziliqela izinto ezifak’ isandla kolu lwando. Okokuqala, ukukhula kweshishini lokwakha, ngakumbi kuqoqosho olusakhasayo, kukhokelele ekunyukeni kwemfuneko yeekhoyili zentsimbi. Ezi zikhoyili zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye nokuchasana nomhlwa, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukuphahla, i-siding, kunye nezinye izicelo zesakhiwo. Okwesibini, utshintsho lwecandelo leemoto lusiya kubunzima obukhaphukhaphu kunye nemathiriyeli ekwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa kuye kwaphembelela ngakumbi imfuno yentsimbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ishishini alinayo imingeni. Ukuhla amaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada, ngakumbi i-zinc, kube nefuthe kwimida yengeniso kubavelisi kunye nababoneleli. Ukongezelela, ukuxhatshazwa kwezorhwebo okuqhubekayo kunye neerhafu ezibekwe kwiimveliso zensimbi ziye zakhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kokubonelela, okuchaphazela ukufumaneka kunye namaxabiso. Ngokomzekelo, imfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China ibangele i-25% yerhafu kwintsimbi ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni izicwangciso zokufumana iinkampani ezininzi.
Kulo mhlaba ukhuphisanayo, ukuqonda ama-nuances emarike kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kumashishini ajonge ukuthenga iikhoyili zentsimbi. Ayikokufumana nje isivumelwano esilungileyo; imalunga nokuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukungaguquguquki, kunye nokuthembeka ekuboneleleni.
Ukubaluleka komgangatho phezu kobuninzi
Kwindawo yeentsimbi zentsimbi, umgangatho awukho nje i-buzzword; sisimiselo esibalulekileyo sokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nobomi obude. Kumashishini, iimpembelelo zokuthotyelwa komgangatho zinokuba mbi, ezikhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo, ukunyuka kweendleko zokulondoloza, kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zikhuseleke.
Ukubaluleka kokubambelela kwimigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe akunakubaxwa. Imibutho efana ne-ASTM, ISO, kunye ne-EN imisele uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso zentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-ASTM A653 / A653M yinkcazo esemgangathweni yeshiti lensimbi, i-zinc-coated (galvanized) yinkqubo eshushu yokudipha kwiimveliso zetsimbi. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho enjalo kuqinisekisa ukuba iikhoyili zetsimbi zineepropati eziyimfuneko zomatshini, ubunzima bokugubungela, kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezijoliswe kuzo.
Nangona kunjalo, uhambo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho luzele yimicelimngeni. Omnye wemigibe ephambili lutyekelo lokubeka phambili ixabiso ngaphezu komgangatho. Kwilinge lokunciphisa iindleko, amanye amashishini anokukhetha ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi, iimveliso eziphantsi. Le ndlela yokujonga kancinci ingakhokelela kwiindleko ezibalulekileyo zexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, uphando olwenziwa nguMbutho weSizwe wabakhi beKhaya lufumene ukuba ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo kwikhaya lalimalunga ne-$ 40,000. Ukusilela okunjalo ngokufuthi kunokulandwa emva kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikumgangatho ophantsi.
Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukungabikho kovavanyo olucokisekileyo nokuhlolwa. Ngelixa uninzi lwababoneleli bebonelela ngezatifikethi, kubalulekile ukuba amashishini aqhube inkuthalo yawo efanelekileyo. Ukubandakanya ii-arhente zokuhlola zomntu wesithathu ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weentsimbi zetsimbi kunokusindisa iinkampani kwiilahleko ezinokubakho. Ngaphezu koko, uphicotho oluthe gqolo lwababoneleli-nkonzo lunokuqinisekisa ukuba bayayithobela imimiselo nemigangatho ekuvunyelwene ngayo.
Ukuhamba ngobunzima beenkcukacha zentsimbi
Iikhoyili zetsimbi ezenziwe ngegalvanized azikho isisombululo esilinganayo. Ziza kumabakala ahlukeneyo, ngalinye lilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Ukuqonda la mabanga kunye neziphumo zawo kubalulekile kumashishini ukuba enze izigqibo zokuthengwa kwempahla enolwazi.
Amabakala ahlukeneyo eekhoyili zetsimbi eziphekiweyo zichongwa ngokuyintloko ngobunzima bokwambathisa, obububunzima bomgca we-zinc. Lo bunzima bokugquma bubalulekile njengoko buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi ukubola. Umzekelo, i-coil yentsimbi ye-G90, enobunzima obuyi-0.90 oz/ft², inika uxhathiso oluphezulu lokutya xa kuthelekiswa nekhoyili ye-G60, enobunzima obuyi-0.60 oz/ft². Loo mahluko asiyomfundo nje kuphela; zineempembelelo zehlabathi zokwenyani. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-American Galvanizers Association lubonise ukuba izakhiwo kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, xa zakhiwe ngentsimbi ye-G90, zinexesha lokwandiswa kobomi be-20% xa kuthelekiswa nezo zakhiwe ngensimbi ye-G60.
Ngaphandle kobunzima bokugquma, iimpawu zomatshini zentsimbi zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ezi mpawu, kubandakanywa amandla esivuno, amandla okuqina, kunye nobude, zimisela amandla entsimbi ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nokuguqulwa. Ngokomzekelo, i-coil yensimbi enegunya lokuvelisa i-50,000 psi inokufaneleka kwizicelo zokuphahla, ngelixa enye inamandla okuvelisa i-70,000 psi iya kufaneleka ngakumbi kumacandelo esakhiwo. Iimpembelelo zokukhetha ibakala elingafanelekanga zinokubiza imali eninzi. Imeko yokuwa kwesakhiwo esenziwe ngentsimbi e-China kwi-2009, eyayibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ekumgangatho ophantsi kunye neepropati ezingonelanga.
Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki azipheli ekuqondeni amabanga. Inkqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla ngokwayo inokuba yindawo yemigodi. Amashishini amaninzi awela kumgibe wokuxhomekeka kuphela kwiingcebiso zababoneleli, ngaphandle kokwenza uphando lwawo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekungahambelani phakathi kweempawu zentsimbi kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi yokwakha e-Dubai ijongene nokulibaziseka okukhulu kunye nokugqithiswa kweendleko xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba iikhoyili zentsimbi ezibonelelweyo azizange zihlangabezane neemfuno ezichaziweyo zobude, okukhokelela kubunzima bokwenza.
Ukujonga ezi ngxaki, amashishini kufuneka abeke phambili imfundo kunye nenkuthalo efanelekileyo. Ukusebenzisana neengcali zoshishino, ukuya kwiindibano zocweyo, kunye nokuqhuba uphando olucokisekileyo kunokuxhobisa iingcali zokuthengwa kwempahla nolwazi eziludingayo. Ukongeza, ukukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluselubala kunye nababoneleli, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayiqonda iimfuno ezithile kunye nemigangatho yeprojekthi nganye, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphononongwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kunokuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba iikhoyili zetsimbi ezithengiweyo zihlangabezana neenkcukacha ezivunyelweneyo.
Ukwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo nababoneleli
Ukuthengwa kwee-coil zetsimbi zensimbi akukhona nje ubudlelwane bokuthengiselana; lumanyano olufuna ukuthembana, ukungafihli, kunye nokuqondana. Ukwakha kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nababoneleli kunokuba ngumahluko phakathi kokuthengwa kwempahla engenamthungo kunye nemigibe ebiza kakhulu.
Omnye wemingeni ephambili kubudlelwane bomthengisi kukuqinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye nokuhanjiswa. Kwishishini lensimbi, apho imfuno inokuguquguquka kwaye ixesha lokukhokela lingaba lide, nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kumgangatho okanye ukulibaziseka kokunikezelwa kunokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi enkulu yokwakha eNew York yajamelana nokulibaziseka kweenyanga ezintandathu ngenxa yokungakwazi komthengisi ukuhambisa umgangatho ochaziweyo wentsimbi ngexesha. Oku akuzange kunyuse iindleko nje kuphela kodwa kuphazamise ubudlelwane phakathi konokontraka kunye nomxhasi.
Omnye umgibe oxhaphakileyo kukungabikho elubala kunxibelelwano. Uninzi lweengcali zokuthengwa kwempahla zixhomekeke kuhlaziyo lwamaxesha athile kunye neengxelo ezivela kubaboneleli, ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zilahlekise. Indlela esebenzayo ngakumbi ibandakanya ukuphicothwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa, apho amaqela okuthengwa kwempahla anokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye neenkcukacha zeentsimbi zetsimbi. Ukubandakanya ii-arhente zokuhlola zeqela lesithathu zinokuqhubeka zixhasa le nkqubo, ziqinisekise uvavanyo olungakhethi cala.
Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yentsebenziswano kunye nokukhula okufanayo. Oku kubandakanya ukwabelana ngezimvo, imingeni, kunye nengxelo. Umzekelo, ukuba umthengisi ujongene nemingeni ekufezekiseni imfuneko ethile, kuyanceda ukuba iqela lokuthenga lixelelwe kwangethuba. Oku kuvumela ukusonjululwa kwengxaki ngentsebenziswano, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela omabini angakwazi ukujamelana nemingeni kunye.
Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ukuthengwa kweekhoyili zentsimbi kunokubonakala kuthe ngqo, kugcwele imingeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubeka phambili umgangatho, ukuqonda ukucaciswa, kunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuqinileyo bomthengisi, amashishini anokuyijonga le migibe kwaye aqinisekise ukuthengwa okuyimpumelelo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuthengwa kweekhoyili zentsimbi ngumba obalulekileyo kumashishini akwicandelo lokwakha nelokuvelisa. Ngelixa imiceli mngeni zininzi, ukubaluleka kokubeka phambili umgangatho, ukuqonda iinkcukacha, kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obuluqilima bomthengisi akunakubaxwa. Ngokuthobela le migaqo, amashishini akakwazi nje ukuphepha imigibe eqhelekileyo kodwa nokuqinisekisa ubomi obude kunye nempumelelo yeeprojekthi zabo. Kwishishini apho imiba iphezulu, izigqibo zokuthengwa kweempahla ezisekelwe kwingcaciso nezicwangciswe ngobuchule zisisiseko sokugqwesa komsebenzi.
