Isingeniso
Ezweni elithuthukayo ngokushesha lobuchwepheshe be-biometric, izinzwa zeminwe ziye zavela njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi. Lawa madivaysi, athwebula futhi ahlaziye amaphethini ahlukile ezigxivizo zeminwe zomuntu, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene kusukela kumadivayisi eselula kuya kumasistimu okulawula ukufinyelela. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe benzwa yeminwe kuguqule indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nezisetshenziswa zikagesi, okuhlinzeka ngolwazi lomsebenzisi olungenazihibe futhi oluvikelekile.
Njengoba isidingo sezinzwa zeminwe ezinokwethenjelwa nezihlala isikhathi eside sikhula, ukubaluleka kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ezifana I-Anti-Finger coatings isigqame kakhulu. Lezi zimbotshana zivimbela ukungcola nezigxivizo zeminwe endaweni yenzwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwenzwa nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe bezinzwa zeminwe kanye neqhaza lezixazululo eziphikisana nezigxivizo zeminwe kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokuphepha ezithuthukile.
Iyini inzwa yeminwe?
Inzwa yeminwe, evame ukwaziwa ngelenzwa yezigxivizo zeminwe, iyidivayisi yebhayomethrikhi ethwebula amaphethini ahlukile wamagquma nezigodi eminweni yomuntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunikazi bawo. Izinzwa zeminwe zisekelwe esimisweni sokuthi wonke umuntu unamaphethini ezigxivizo zeminwe ahlukile, okuwenza abe yithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuzihlonza komuntu siqu nokulawula ukufinyelela. Lezi zinzwa zithole ukutholwa okusabalele ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwazo kalula, ukungahlaseli, namazinga okunemba aphezulu uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
Ukuthuthukiswa Komlando
Ukusetshenziswa kwezigxivizo zeminwe ukuze kukhonjwe kuqale emuva empucukweni yasendulo, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho izindlela zesayensi zokuhlaziya izigxivizo zeminwe zathuthukiswa. Umsebenzi kaSir Francis Galton ngeminyaka yawo-1890 wabeka isisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwezigxivizo zeminwe zesimanje. Esikhathini sedijithali, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivumele ukwenziwa kancane kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa zeminwe kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Izinzwa zakuqala zezigxivizo zeminwe zika-elekthronikhi beziyinqwaba futhi zibiza, kodwa namuhla, ziminyene ngokwanele ukuthi zishumekwe kuma-smartphone nakwamanye amadivaysi aphathekayo.
Izinhlobo zezinzwa zeminwe
Izinzwa zeminwe zingahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe ezibusebenzisayo ukuze zithwebule izithombe zezigxivizo zeminwe. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka izinzwa ze-optical, capacitive, ultrasonic, ne-thermal, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Izinzwa ze-Optical Finger
Izinzwa zamehlo zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze zithwebule isithombe sezigxivizo zeminwe. Bakhanyisa umunwe futhi bathwebule ukukhanya okubonisiwe kusetshenziswa ikhamera noma iqembu lenzwa. Umehluko phakathi kwama-ridge nezigodi kudala isithombe esinemininingwane yephethini yezigxivizo zeminwe. Izinzwa zamehlo ziqinile futhi azibizi kakhulu kodwa zingaba nkulu futhi zingenwe kalula yizigxivizo zeminwe zomgunyathi.
Izinzwa Zeminwe Ezinamandla
Izinzwa ezinamandla zithola iphethini yezigxivizo zeminwe ngokulinganisa amandla kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti enzwa wenzwa kanye nama-ridge wezigxivizo zeminwe. Izigodi namagquma kudala ukuhlukahluka komthamo, okuvumela inzwa ukuthi yakhe isithombe esinemininingwane. Lezi zinzwa zivamile kuma-smartphones ngenxa yephrofayili yazo emincane kanye nokumelana nezigxivizo zeminwe zomgunyathi ezenziwe ngezinto ezingasebenzisi.
Izinzwa zeminwe ze-Ultrasonic
Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zisebenzisa amaza omsindo wefrikhwensi ephezulu ukuze zingene ezingqimbeni zangaphandle zesikhumba, zithwebule izithombe ezinemininingwane enezinhlangothi ezintathu zezigxivizo zeminwe. Lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphezulu futhi bungafunda izigxivizo zeminwe ngokungcola njengokungcola namafutha. Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa kuma-smartphone nezinhlelo zokuphepha lapho kudingeka khona ukunemba okuphezulu.
Izinzwa Zeminwe Ezishisayo
Izinzwa ezishisayo zithola umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwama-ridge nezigodi zezigxivizo zeminwe. Njengoba ama-ridge athinta indawo yenzwa, adlulisa ukushisa, enze isithombe esishisayo. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu ngenxa yezikhathi zokuphendula ezihamba kancane kanye nokuzwela amazinga okushisa emvelo, izinzwa ezishisayo zinikeza izinzuzo ezithile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezithile.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa zeminwe
Izinzwa zeminwe zisetshenziswa enhlobonhlobo yezimboni lapho ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi okuphephile nokufanelekile kuyadingeka. Ukwamukelwa kwabo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kugqamisa ukuguquguquka nokuthembeka kwabo.
Ukuphepha kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kwebhayomethrikhi
Kumasistimu okuvikela, izinzwa zeminwe zinikeza indlela eqinile yokuqinisekisa ubuwena. Zisetshenziswa ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotshelwa komthetho ekuhlonzweni kobugebengu nasezinhlelweni zokulawula ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha ye-biometric kwengeza isendlalelo sokuphepha okunzima ukusiphindaphinda noma ukufoja.
Amadivayisi eselula
Ama-smartphone namathebulethi ngokuvamile afaka izinzwa zeminwe zokuvula amadivayisi kanye nokugunyaza okwenziwayo. Ukufaneleka kokuqinisekisa okusheshayo kuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha. Abakhiqizi baqhubeka bethuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ukuze buphendule kakhudlwana futhi bungabaphazamisi kangako.
Amasistimu Wokulawula Ukufinyelela
Izinzwa zeminwe zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokulawula ukufinyelela kwezakhiwo nezindawo ezinemikhawulo. Bashintsha amakhadi okhiye endabuko noma amaphasiwedi, behlisa ingcuphe yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ngenxa yemininingwane elahlekile noma eyebiwe. Ukuqina kwezinzwa kubalulekile, yingakho izinyathelo zokuvikela zifana Ama-anti-Finger coatings asetshenziswa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwezinzwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuthengiselana Kwezezimali
Izinzwa zeminwe zisetshenziswa kuma-ATM nasezinhlelweni zokudayiswa ukuze kugunyazwe abasebenzisi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yezezimali. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhwabanisa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha emisebenzini yasebhange. Ukuqinisekiswa kwebhayomethrikhi kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba okwenziwa ngedijithali kukhula ukwanda.
Ubuchwepheshe Behind Finger Sensors
Ukusebenza kwezinzwa zeminwe kuncike kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile obuthwebula futhi buhlaziye idatha yezigxivizo zeminwe ngokunembile nangempumelelo. Inqubo ibandakanya izigaba ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa kwesithombe, ukucutshungulwa kwesignali, nama-algorithms wokufanisa iphethini.
Ukutholwa Kwesithombe
Ukutholwa kwesithombe isinyathelo sokuqala lapho inzwa ithwebula khona idatha eluhlaza yezigxivizo zeminwe. Ikhwalithi yesithombe incike ohlotsheni lwenzwa nesimo sobuso bomunwe. Izinto ezinjengomswakama, ukungcola, nokuguga kungathinta ikhwalithi yesithombe. Intuthuko ezintweni zenzwa, okuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwe Ama-anti-Finger coatings, asiza ukunciphisa lezi zinkinga ngokunikeza indawo ehlanzekile yokuthwebula isithombe.
Ukucutshungulwa Kwesiginali
Ngemva kokuthwebula isithombe, amasu okucubungula isignali athuthukisa idatha ukuze agqamise izici ezibalulekile zezigxivizo zeminwe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise umsindo wokuhlunga, ukulungisa umehluko, nokunxephezela ukuhlanekezela. Ukucutshungulwa kwesignali okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufaniswa kwephethini okulandelayo kunembile futhi kuthembekile.
I-Pattern Matching Algorithms
Ama-algorithms wokufanisa iphethini aqhathanisa isithombe sezigxivizo zeminwe esicutshunguliwe nezifanekiso ezigciniwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunikazi. Lawa ma-algorithms ahlaziya amaphuzu eminutiae athile, njengeziphetho ze-ridge kanye nama-bifurcations. Ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe angakwazi ukuphatha ukuhlukahluka kokubekwa kweminwe, ingcindezi, nezimo zemvelo, okwandisa ukuqina kwesistimu.
Iqhaza Lezingubo Zokulwa Neminwe
Izingubo zokulwa neminwe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwezinzwa zeminwe. Lezi zimbobo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukuvimbela izigxivizo zeminwe nama-smudges endaweni, okungathinta ukunemba kwenzwa futhi kwehlise ukubukeka kwayo kobuhle.
Ukubaluleka Ekuqineni Kwedivayisi
Izinzwa zeminwe zivame ukuchayeka ekuthintaneni ngokomzimba njalo, okuholela ekugugeni nasekudabukeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Anti-Finger coatings kuvikela indawo yenzwa ekuklwebeni, uwoyela, nokunye ukungcola. Lesi sendlalelo esivikelayo sinweba ukuphila kwedivayisi futhi sigcine ukusebenza kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubalulekile ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-smartphone namasistimu okulawula ukufinyelela.
Ithuthukisa Ukunemba Kwenzwa
Ama-smudges nezinsalela endaweni yenzwa kungahlanekezela isithombe sezigxivizo zeminwe, okuholela ekunqatshweni okungamanga noma ukwamukelwa. I-Anti-Finger coating inciphisa lezi zinsalela, inikeze isithombe esicacile sokucutshungulwa. Ngokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, lezi zembatho zifaka isandla ekunembeni okuphelele nokuthembeka kwesistimu ye-biometric.
Izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yezinzwa zeminwe
Nakuba izinzwa zeminwe zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ziphinda zethule izinselele ezithile okudingeka zibhekwane nazo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.
Izinzuzo
Inzuzo eyinhloko yezinzwa zeminwe ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe ezikunikezayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izigxivizo zeminwe zihlukile kumuntu ngamunye, amathuba okufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ancipha kakhulu. Ukwengeza, izinzwa zeminwe zinikeza lula, zisusa isidingo sokukhumbula amaphasiwedi noma ukuphatha amakhadi okufinyelela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kumadivayisi akunamthungo, okuvumela ukusebenzisana kwabasebenzisi okusheshayo nokunembile.
Ukulinganiselwa
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo, izinzwa zeminwe zinemikhawulo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezigxivizo zeminwe okunzima ukuzithatha ngenxa yokuguga, ukulimala, noma izimo zesikhumba. Izici zemvelo ezifana nomswakama nokungcola zingathinta nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Kunokukhathazeka mayelana nobumfihlo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona kwedatha ye-biometric. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzwa zivikelwe ngama-Anti-Finger coatings kunganciphisa imikhawulo ethile yobuchwepheshe ngokugcina ubuqotho bendawo yenzwa.
Amathrendi Akusasa Kubuchwepheshe Benzwa Yeminwe
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izinzwa zeminwe ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, zifaka izinto ezintsha nama-algorithms okuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nekhono lezinhlelo ze-biometric.
Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Artificial Intelligence
Ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa angathuthukisa ukubonwa kwephethini futhi azivumelanise nokuhluka kwedatha yezigxivizo zeminwe. Amamodeli okufunda omshini angaqeqeshelwa ukuthola okudidayo futhi athuthukise ukuphepha ngokuhlonza imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa engaba khona. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokunemba kwesistimu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Intuthuko Kwezinto Zokusebenza
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezintsha, okuhlanganisa ukumbozwa okuthuthukisiwe okufana nezindawo ze-Anti-Finger, ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Ucwaningo lwezinzwa eziguquguqukayo nezibonisa ngale luvula amathuba okuhlanganisa izinzwa zeminwe kumadivayisi agqokekayo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kungaholela ezinzwa ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu nokuzwela.
Amathrendi embonini akhombisa ukukhula kwemakethe yezinzwa zeminwe, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-15% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa ukwanda kwezidingo zokuphepha kanye nokwanda kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezicelo zesikhathi esizayo.
Isiphetho
Izinzwa zeminwe seziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zesimanje zokuphepha nezokufakazela ubuqiniso, ezinikeza kokubili ukunethezeka kanye namazinga aphezulu okuvikela. Ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obungemuva kwalezi zinzwa, okuhlanganisa indima ye-Anti-Finger coatings, kubalulekile ukuze uqhubeke nokuqamba kabusha nokusebenzisa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ukubhekana nemikhawulo kanye nokuthuthukisa izinzuzo kuzoba ukhiye ekwamukelweni okusabalele kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene.
Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe benzwa yeminwe liyathembisa, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo lwezinto ezithuthukisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezandisiwe. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifana Ubuchwepheshe be-Anti-Finger buzoqhubeka budlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Ababambiqhaza embonini kumele babambisane ukuze babhekane nezinselele, baqinisekise ukuthi izinzwa zeminwe zihlala ziyindlela ethembekile nevikelekile yokuqinisekisa ezweni elikhula ngokwedijithali.
