Lapho ukhetha izinto zokwakha zamaphrojekthi ezimboni, ezokwakha, noma ezohwebo, ukukhetha kungabonakala kungapheli. Inketho ngayinye iza nesethi yayo yokuhwebelana, kusukela ezindlekweni zokuqala ukuya ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside. Ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali, nokho, ihlala igqama njengesixazululo senani eliphezulu, sesikhathi eside. Inhlanganisela yayo eyingqayizivele yokumelana nokugqwala, amandla, inhlanzeko, nokuguquguquka kobuhle kuyenza ibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izimboni ezingenakubalwa.
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola izinzuzo ezibanzi zokusebenzisa ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali. Sizofaka izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko, amamaki avamile kanye nezicelo zawo, ama-surface finishes atholakalayo, nokucatshangelwa kokukhiqiza. Uzothola nohlu lokuhlola olusebenzayo lokukhetha ikhoyili efanele yephrojekthi yakho kanye nezimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa. Ekugcineni, uzobe usuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi kungani ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali ingeyona nje into yokukhetha, kodwa iyisu lokutshala imali ekuqineni nasekusebenzeni.
Kungani Usebenzisa Ikhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali: Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko
Isithunzi sensimbi engagqwali sakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sezinzuzo ezihlukile eziyenza ibe ukukhetha okuthembekile kwezicelo ezifunayo. Lezi zinzuzo ezibalulekile ziqinisekisa ukusebenza, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nenani.
Ukubuka Okusheshayo: Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko
I-Corrosion & Stain Resistance - Isendlalelo se-chromium-oxide engenzi lutho simelana nokugqwala namakhemikhali.
Amandla Nokuqina — Amandla aphezulu okuqina/akhathala impilo ende yesevisi.
Ukuhlanzeka & Ukuhlanzeka - Akunambobo, kulula ukukuhlanza; ilungele ukudla/ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.
I-Fabrication Versatility - Sika kalula, sakheke, sidonswe ngokujulile, futhi sishiselwe ukucaciswa.
I-Aesthetics & Isikhalo Somkhiqizo - Ukuqedwa okubhulashiwe/isibuko/okuthungwe ukuze kubukeke kahle.
I-Lifecycle Value - Ukugcinwa okuphansi, isikhathi eside sokuphila, i-100% iyasebenziseka kabusha.
I-Corrosion & Stain Resistance
Ikhwalithi edume kakhulu yensimbi engagqwali ukumelana kwayo okuphawulekayo nokugqwala nokungcola. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-chromium ku-alloy, ehlangana nomoya-mpilo ukuze yakhe ungqimba oluncane lwe-chromium oxide oluncane, olungabonakali, nokuzilungisa ngokwakho. Lesi sithiyo esivikelayo sivikela insimbi engaphansi emswakama, ama-asidi athambile, namakhemikhali amaningi ezimboni. Lokhu kumelana okungokwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezenziwe ngekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali zigcina ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokubukeka kwazo ngisho nasezindaweni eziyinselele, kusukela kuzinhlelo zamanzi ahlanzekile kuya ezitezi zefekthri.
Amandla Nokuqina
Insimbi engagqwali inikezela ngezakhiwo ezihlaba umxhwele, okuhlanganisa amandla aqinile aqinile kanye nokumelana nokukhathala okuhle kakhulu. Lobu kuqina bemvelo buvumela ukuthi imelane nengcindezi ebalulekile yomzimba, imithelela, nemithwalo esindayo ngaphandle kokukhubazeka noma ukwehluleka. Ukuqina kwayo kuhumushela empilweni yesevisi ende, ngisho nasezinsizeni ezidinga amandla kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo lapho ezinye izinto zizocekela phansi ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yinto eya ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukusebenza ngokuthembekile iminyaka ngengozi encane yokwehluleka kokusebenza.
Inhlanzeko & Ukuhlanzeka
Ezimbonini lapho ukuhlanzeka kungaxoxiswana khona, njengokucubungula ukudla, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nemithi, insimbi engagqwali iyindinganiso yegolide. Indawo yayo engenazimbotshana ivimbela amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, namanye ama-microorganisms ukuthi angalali futhi akhule. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngendlela emangalisayo ukuhlanza nokuhlanza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezindinganiso eziqinile zezempilo zomphakathi. Impahla ayinikezi ukunambitheka noma iphunga, igcina ubumsulwa bemikhiqizo ehlangana nayo.
I-Fabrication Versatility
Naphezu kwamandla ayo, ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali iguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi kulula ukusebenza ngayo. Ingasikwa kalula, ibunjwe, igotshwe, igxivizwe, idonswe ngokujulile, futhi ishiselwe ukudala izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingxenye. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinqubo zokwenziwa kunikeza onjiniyela nabaklami inkululeko enkulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwezingxenye zezimoto eziyinkimbinkimbi noma amaphaneli ezakhiwo ezinkulu, insimbi engagqwali ingabunjwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezicaciso ezinembile ngaphandle kokonakalisa izici zayo.
I-Aesthetics & Isikhalo Somkhiqizo
Ukusebenza akudingeki kuze ngezindleko zokubukeka. Insimbi engagqwali inikeza ukubukeka okuhlanzekile, kwesimanjemanje, nokuphambili okuthuthukisa inani lemikhiqizo nezakhiwo. Itholakala enhlobonhlobo yokuqedela okungaphezulu, kusukela ku-satin ethambile, ebhulashiwe ukuya kupholishi yesibuko ecwebezelayo kanye namaphethini aqoshiwe. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kobuhle kukuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo, ama-facade ezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokucushwa kokuhlobisa, lapho ukukhanga okubonakalayo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokusebenza.
I-Lifecycle Value
Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwensimbi engagqwali kungase kube phezulu kunezinye izindlela ezifana ne-carbon steel, izindleko zayo eziphelele zobunikazi ngokuvamile ziba ngaphansi kakhulu. Ukuqina kwayo nokumelana nokugqwala kunciphisa isidingo sokunakekelwa okumba eqolo, ukulungiswa, kanye nezingubo zokuvikela ngesikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi engagqwali ingaphinda isetshenziswe ngo-100%, igcina inani layo ekupheleni kwempilo yayo yesevisi. Le nhlanganisela yokunakekelwa okuphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwenza kube ukukhetha okusimeme ngokomnotho kanye nemvelo.
Amabanga Ekhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali nokuthi Uwasebenzise Nini
Akuzona zonke insimbi engagqwali efanayo. Ama-alloys ahlukene, noma 'amabanga,' akhiwe ukuze anikeze izakhiwo ezithile ezifanelana nezindawo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukukhetha ibanga elifanele kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.
304 (Inhloso-Jikelele)
IBanga lama-304 liyihhashi lomsebenzi womndeni wensimbi engagqwali futhi ingelinye lamabanga asetshenziswa kakhulu. Inikeza inhlanganisela enokulinganisela kahle yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukwakheka okuhle, kanye nokushisela. Ukuthembeka kwayo kuyenza ibe yisinqumo esidumile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa imishini yokucubungula ukudla, izinto zikagesi zasekhishini, osinki, amaphaneli ezakhiwo, kanye nezimboni ezijwayelekile.
316 / 316L (Olwandle/Amakhemikhali)
Ezindaweni eziqinile, iBanga 316 liyindlela ekhethwayo. Iqukethe i-molybdenum, i-alloying element ethuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukumelana kwayo nama-chloride, njengalawo atholakala emanzini anosawoti kanye nosawoti wokuqeda uqweqwe. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa olwandle, izimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nezakhiwo zasogwini. I-'L' ku-316L imele ikhabhoni ephansi, ethuthukisa ukushisela futhi inciphise ubungozi bokugqwala ezingxenyeni ezishiselwe, iyenze ibe phezulu ezakhiweni ezishiselwe esindayo.
430 (I-Ferritic, Ibiza izindleko)
Ibanga 430 insimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic enikeza ukugqwala okuhle nokumelana nokushisa endaweni yentengo eyongayo kunamamaki ochungechunge angama-300. Nakuba ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kungaqinile njengeBanga lama-304, yanele ezindaweni eziningi ezithambile. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlobisa njenge-automotive trim, amaphaneli ezinto zikagesi (njengeminyango yesiqandisi), kanye nezici zezakhiwo zangaphakathi.
201 (Ezomnotho)
Ibanga lama-201 insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ethuthukiswe ukonga i-nickel, okuyenza ibe enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kune-Grade 304. Ifaka esikhundleni se-nickel nge-manganese ne-nitrogen. Nakuba ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kungaphansi kwalokho kochungechunge lwe-300, ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zemvelo zasendlini noma ezithambile lapho isabelomali singumshayeli oyinhloko futhi ukuchayeka kuma-ejenti e-corronic kuncane.
Ithiphu Lokukhetha: Hlala uqondanisa ibanga nendawo yesevisi ethile. Cabangela izici ezifana nokuchayeka kuma-chloride, umswakama, izinga lokushisa elidlulele, izindlela zokwenziwa ezidingekayo, nanoma yiziphi izidingo zokulawula noma zokuthobelana.
Izinketho Zokuqeda Nokubonakala
Ukubukeka kokugcina nomuzwa wengxenye yensimbi engagqwali kunqunywa ukuphela kwayo okungaphezulu. Ukuqedwa okuhlukahlukene kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile zobuhle nokusebenza.
Ibhulashi / Satin
Ukuqedwa kwebhulashi noma kwe-satin kufaka phakathi ukubukeka okuhlukile, okuthungwe okudalwe ukupholishwa okulimazayo. Lokhu kuqedwa okudumile kuhle kakhulu ekufihleni izigxivizo zeminwe, ukuklwebheka okuncane, nezimpawu zokubamba, okukwenza kube ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwezindawo ezithinta kakhulu njengezinto zikagesi, okokusebenza kwasekhishini, namaphaneli ezikheshi.
Ipholishiwe / Isibuko
Ukuze uthole i-premium, ukubukeka okubonakala kakhulu, ukupholishwa okupholishiwe noma isibuko kuyasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuqedwa okubushelelezi, okungaqondile kufinyelelwa ngokupholisha indawo engaphezulu kancane kancane ngama-abrasive acolekileyo. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo, isiphetho sesibuko kulula kakhulu ukusula phansi, okuzuzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanzekile noma zokuhlobisa.
Embossed / Textured
Ukuqedwa okunamathiselwe kufaka phakathi ukuphrinta iphethini endaweni yensimbi. Le nqubo ayidali kuphela isici somklamo esiyingqayizivele kodwa futhi ikhulisa ukuqina kwento futhi ingasiza ukufihla ukungapheleli kwendawo. Izindawo ezifakwe umbhalo zinganikeza nokubamba okuthuthukisiwe, kuzenze zisebenziseke ekwenzeni phansi, amapuleti okukhahlela, kanye nokuhlobisa izimboni.
Ama-Pasivated Surfaces
I-passivation ayikona ukuqeda kodwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwemvelo kwensimbi engagqwali. Inqubo isusa insimbi yamahhala ebusweni futhi iqinise ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-chromium-oxide. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukucaciswa ngokuhlanzeka okuphezulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kombala nokuqinisekisa ukumelana okuphezulu nokugqwala.
Imizila Yokukhiqiza Nokucatshangelwa Kokuhlinzeka
Ukuqonda ukuthi ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali ikhiqizwa kanjani kunikeza ukuqonda ngezakhiwo zayo futhi kusiza ekucaciseni umkhiqizo ofanele izidingo zakho.
Amakhoyili Ashisayo
Inqubo ye-hot-rolling yenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza insimbi yakheke kalula futhi ibumbe. Amakhoyili ajikijelwe ashisayo ngokuvamile awonga kakhulu kodwa anomkhawulo omaholoholo kanye nokubekezelelana okunembayo okunganembe kangako. Ziyisinqumo esihle sezingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukubukeka kungokwesibili.
Amakhoyili Abandayo
I-Cold-rolling yenziwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi noma eduze nalo. Le nqubo iphumela ekuqedeni okubushelelezi, okucwengisiswe kakhudlwana kanye nokubekezelelana kobukhulu obuqinile. Amakhoyili agoqekile alungele ukusetshenziswa lapho ubuhle bubalulekile noma lapho ukunemba kudingeka khona ezinqubweni ezilandelayo ezifana nokugxiviza noma ukudweba okujulile, njengamaphaneli omzimba wezimoto nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya.
Ukuqeda Izinyathelo
Ngemuva kokugoqa, amakhoyili avame ukubhekana nezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqeda:
I-Annealing: Ukwelashwa kokushisa ukuze kuthambise insimbi futhi kuthuthukiswe i-ductility yayo.
I-Pickling: Ibhavu ye-asidi yokususa isikali nokungcola ebusweni.
I-Passivation: Njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, lesi sinyathelo sithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala.
Ukusika: Ukusika ikhoyili ebanzi ibe imicu emincane.
Sika-kuye-Ubude: Ukugunda ikhoyili ibe ngamashidi ayisicaba.
Izinketho zeDimensional
Lapho u-oda ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali, kufanele ucacise izilinganiso eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ukujiya, ububanzi, ububanzi bangaphakathi (ID), nobubanzi obungaphandle (OD). Kufanele futhi ucacise izidingo zokubekezelela, ukucaba, kanye nesimo sonqenqema (isb., unqenqema lokugaya ngokumelene nonqenqema lokudabula).
Lapho Ikhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali Ikhanya (Izinhlelo zokusebenza)
Ukuguquguquka kwekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali kuyenza ibe yinto ebalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izimboni ezinkulu.
Ezokwakha Nezokwakha
Ezakhiweni, insimbi engagqwali ihlonishwa ngokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside nokukhanga okubonakalayo. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-facade, ukufulela, ukuvala, nama-handrails, ihlinzeka ngokuqeda ukumelana nesimo sezulu nokuvumelana kobuhle okuhlala amashumi eminyaka.
Izimoto & Ezokuthutha
Imboni yezimoto incike ensimbi engagqwali ezingxenyeni okufanele zibekezelele ukushisa nezimo zomgwaqo ezigqwalile. Kubalulekile kumasistimu wokukhipha umoya, ukunquma okuhlobisa, namaphaneli omzimba wesakhiwo.
Ukudla & Isiphuzo / Sanitary
Kusukela ezimbonini ezinkulu zokucubungula ukudla kuya emakhishini okuhweba, insimbi engagqwali iyimpahla ekhethwayo yamathuluzi, izindawo zokusebenza, amathangi, nezitsha ngenxa yokuhlanzeka kwayo, okungasasebenzi, nokuhlanzeka kalula.
I-Chemical & Marine
Ezindaweni ezonakalisa kakhulu, izinga elifanele lensimbi engagqwali libalulekile. Ibanga 316/316L lisetshenziselwa kakhulu amapayipi, izishintshisi zokushisa, amathangi okugcina, kanye nezindawo ezivalekile ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali nasezilungiselelweni zasolwandle.
Imishini Yezimboni Nezisetshenziswa zikagesi
Izikhumba ezihlala isikhathi eside, izindlu, kanye nezingxenye zemishini yezimboni nezinto zikagesi zasendlini ngokuvamile zenziwe ngekhoyili yensimbi engagqwali. Inikeza amandla adingekayo kanye nokumelana nokumelana nezimo zesevisi ezinzima kanye nokuguga kwansuku zonke.
Ungayikhetha Kanjani Ikhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali Engakwesokudla (Uhlu Lokuhlola)
Sebenzisa lolu hlu ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ucacisa ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali efanele yephrojekthi yakho:
Imvelo Nokuchayeka: Ingabe ingxenye izochayeka kuma-chloride, umswakama ophezulu, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, noma ukungcola kwezimboni? Khetha ibanga bese uqeda ngokufanele.
Izidingo Zemishini: Ayini amandla, ubulukhuni, ukwakheka, kanye nezidingo zempilo yokukhathala? Cacisa izinga elifanele, ulaka, nogqinsi.
I-Fabrication & Welding: Ingabe i-welding enzima iyabandakanyeka? Uma kunjalo, khetha i-low-carbon (isb, 316L) noma ibanga elizinzile ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala ezindaweni zokushisela.
Qeda & Ukuhlanzeka: Linganisa ukubukeka okufunayo nezidingo ezingokoqobo zokumelana nemihuzuko kanye nezimiso zokukhucululwa kwendle.
Ukuthobelana Nokugcinwa Kwamaphepha: Ingabe isicelo sidinga ukubambelela kumakhodi athile (isb, ukuthintana nokudla, umkhumbi ocindezelayo)? Qinisekisa ukuthi ungathola imibiko yokuhlolwa kwezinto ezidingekayo kanye nemibhalo yokulandeleka.
I-Supply Chain & Packaging: Chaza imikhawulo ye-ID/OD yekhoyili, izimfuneko zokugoqa ezivikelayo (kuhlanganise ne-VCI yokugcina isikhathi eside), kanye nezidingo ze-palletization. Xoxa ngezikhathi zokuhola kanye nenani elincane le-oda nomphakeli wakho.
Indlela Yakho Yesixazululo Esiqinile
Ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali inikeza inhlanganisela enamandla yokumelana nokugqwala, ukusebenza kwemishini, inhlanzeko, ukuguquguquka kobuhle, kanye nenani lesikhathi eside elingakwazi ukufana nezinye izinto ezimbalwa. Ngokuqondanisa ngokucophelela ibanga, isiphetho, izindlela zokwenziwa, kanye nezinqubo zokusingatha nohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile, ungavula amandla alo aphelele. Le ndlela yamasu iqinisekisa isixazululo esithembekile, esihlala isikhathi eside, futhi esingabizi kakhulu esisebenza iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokusebenzisa Ikhoyili Yensimbi Engagqwali
1. Kungani usebenzise ikhoyili yensimbi engagqwali esikhundleni se-carbon steel noma i-aluminium?
Insimbi engagqwali inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon steel namandla amakhulu kune-aluminium. Nakuba i-aluminium ilula futhi insimbi ye-carbon ivamise ukushibha ekuqaleni, ukuqina kwensimbi engagqwali, ukunakekelwa okuphansi, kanye nomjikelezo wempilo omude kunikeza inani elingcono eliphelele ezinhlelweni eziningi.
2. Iliphi ibanga elingcono kakhulu ezitshalweni zasogwini noma zamakhemikhali?
Ibanga 316 noma 316L liyisinqumo esijwayelekile salezi zindawo. I-molybdenum eyengeziwe inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala okubangelwa i-chloride kusuka kwisifutho samanzi anosawoti kanye namakhemikhali amaningi ezimboni.
3. Yikuphi ukuphela okufanele ngikukhethe ezintweni zikagesi uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo?
Ngezinto zikagesi, isiphetho esibhulashiwe noma se-satin sithandwa ngoba sifihla izigxivizo zeminwe nokugqoka. Ngezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ipholishi yesibuko ingakha umthelela wokubukwayo okhangayo, kuyilapho ukuqedwa okuthungwe noma okugcizelelwe kungangeza izici zedizayini eziyingqayizivele kuma-facade.
4. Ingabe amakhoyili ensimbi engagqwali angashintsha umbala, futhi ngingawagwema kanjani?
Yebo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezinzima noma uma kusetshenziswa izinga elingalungile, insimbi engagqwali ingashintsha umbala noma ibonise 'ibala letiye.' Ukuze ugweme lokhu, khetha ibanga elifanele lendawo ezungezile (isb., 316 ezindaweni ezisogwini), qinisekisa ukuhlanzwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, futhi ucabangele ukuvunyelwa kwezicelo ezibalulekile.
5. I-Hot-rolled vs. cold-rolled: yikuphi okufanele ngikhethe?
Khetha i-hot-rolled yezinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo lapho ukuphela kwendawo kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile kungabalulekile. Khetha okugoqelwe okubandayo emikhiqizweni lapho kudingeka khona ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kanye nokunemba kobukhulu, njengakuzinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo kanye namaphaneli ezimoto.
6. Iyini i-passivation futhi idingeka nini?
I-Passivation iwukwelapha ngamakhemikhali okususa ukungcola okungaphezulu futhi kuthuthukise ungqimba lwe-oxide evikelayo. Kudingeka ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlanzeka okuphezulu (isb., ezokwelapha, ezemithi) noma ezindaweni ezigqwalile kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu.
7. Kufanele ahlanganiswe kanjani amakhoyili ukuze agcinwe isikhathi eside?
Ukuze ugcinwe isikhathi eside, amakhoyili kufanele aboshwe ngokuvikelekile ukuze avikeleke ekumswakama kanye nokulimala komzimba. Ukusebenzisa iphepha noma ifilimu ye-Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) ngaphakathi kwephakheji kunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekugqwaleni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Amakhoyili kufanele agcinwe endlini kuma-pallets aqinile.
8. Ingabe amakhoyili angenabala aphephile ekudleni, futhi yiziphi izincwadi ezidingekayo?
Yebo, izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezifana neBanga 304 zibhekwa kabanzi njengokuphepha kokudla. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezithengiswayo zokuxhumana nokudla, abakhiqizi bavamise ukudinga imibhalo efana nemibiko yokuhlolwa kwezinto (MTRs) ukuze baqinisekise izinga nokwakheka kwensimbi, baqinisekise ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokulawula.
