Isingeniso
Amakhoyili ensimbi adlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi, asebenza njengomgogodla wokwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwalawa makhoyili kuyisici esibalulekile ezimbonini, ozakwethu beziteshi, nabasabalalisi abathembele ekuqineni nasekusebenzeni kwabo. Ukuqonda izinto ezithinta ubude bempilo a Ikhoyili Yensimbi Yensimbi ibalulekile ekukhuliseni ukusebenza kahle nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka komkhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sicubungula inqwaba yezinto ezinomthelela ekukhuthazeleni kwamakhoyili ensimbi, ihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwababambe iqhaza embonini.
Ukuqonda Amakhoyili Ensimbi
Ukuze uqonde izici ezithinta ukuphila isikhathi eside kwamakhoyili ensimbi, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala ukuthi ayini nokuthi akhiwa kanjani. Amakhoyili ensimbi angamashidi ensimbi ambozwe ngongqimba lwezinc ukuze avikeleke ekugqwaleni. Inqubo yokuqinisa ihlanganisa ukucwiliswa kwensimbi ku-zinc encibilikisiwe, ukudala isibopho se-metallurgical phakathi kongqimba lwensimbi ne-zinc. Le ngxube ye-zinc isebenza njenge-anode yomhlatshelo, ivimbela insimbi ukuthi ingagqwali lapho ivezwe endaweni ezungezile.
Izinga lenqubo yokugaya, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nokujiya kwe-zinc coating, ithonya kakhulu ukumelana kwekhoyili ekugqwaleni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphila kwayo. Izindlela ezihlukene zokufaka uthayela, ezifana nokufaka imfucumfucu eshisayo kanye ne-electro-galvanizing, kubangela amazinga ahlukene okuvikela. I-hot-dip galvanizing ngokuvamile inikeza ungqimba lwezinki olujiyile, olunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-electro-galvanizing.
Izici Zemvelo Ezithinta Ukuphila Isikhathi Eside
Izindawo Ezonakalisayo
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta ukuphila isikhathi eside kwamakhoyili ensimbi imvelo asetshenziswa kuyo. Ezindaweni ezigqwala kakhulu, njengezifunda ezisogwini ezinomoya onosawoti noma izindawo zezimboni ezinamazinga aphezulu okungcola, izinga lokugqwala lingashesha, linciphise ungqimba lwezinc oluvikelayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-ion e-chloride akhona emkhathini wasolwandle angangena ku-zinc enamathelayo, okuholela emigodini kanye nokugqwala ekugcineni kwensimbi engaphansi.
Ucwaningo olunzulu olwenziwa yi-International Zinc Association lwembula ukuthi izinga lokugqwala kwe-zinc endaweni yasemakhaya lilinganiselwa ku-0.1 microns ngonyaka, kanti endaweni yasolwandle, izinga lingakhuphukela kuma-microns angu-2 ngonyaka. Lokhu kungafani kugcizelela isidingo sezinyathelo zokuvikela ezengeziwe noma ama-coil amaningi aqinile ezindaweni eziqinile ukuze kunwetshwe ukuphila kwekhoyili.
Umswakama Nomswakama
Umswakama kanye nomswakama yizici ezibalulekile ezithonya inqubo yokugqwala. Ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu omswakamo, ukuba khona komswakama kusiza ukusabela kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwe-zinc nomoya-mpilo, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-zinc oxide ne-zinc hydroxide. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingaqhubeka nokusabela nge-carbon dioxide ukuze zenze i-zinc carbonate, ehlinzeka ngezinga elithile lokuvikela ngokwenza ungqimba olwenziwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuchayeka njalo kumswakama kungaqeda ungqimba lwezinc ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Idatha evela ku-American Galvanizers Association ibonisa ukuthi esimweni sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama ophezulu, isikhathi sokuphila se-galvanized coating singancipha kufika ku-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo sezulu esomile. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula umswakama wemvelo noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izimbotshana zokuvikela kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwamakhoyili ensimbi athathiwe ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa
Amazinga okushisa aphakeme kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuphawulekayo kungaba nomthelela ekuthembekeni kwe-zinc enamathela kumakhoyili ensimbi. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme angabangela ukusheshisa kwe-oxidation yongqimba lwezinki, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa elibandayo lingaholela ekwakhekeni kokujiya lapho kuncibilika, kwethule umswakama okhuthaza ukugqwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunwetshwa kwe-thermal kanye nokufinyela kungabangela ama-microcracks ekuhlanganiseni, okuveza insimbi engaphansi.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Materials Science lugqamisa ukuthi ama-galvanized coating angaphansi kokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa okujikelezayo abonise ukuwohloka kwe-microstructural ekhuphukayo uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo egcinwe emazingeni okushisa angashintshi. Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo sokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi ezishisayo ezindaweni ezinokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu.
Ikhwalithi Yezinto ezibonakalayo Nokuqina Kokunamathela
Ukwakhiwa Kwensimbi
Isisekelo sekhoyili yensimbi inomthelela wokuphila kwayo isikhathi eside. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi, okuhlanganisa ukuba khona kwezinto ezifana ne-silicon ne-phosphorus, kungathinta inqubo ye-galvanization kanye nokunamathela kwe-zinc coating. Amazinga aphezulu e-silicon ne-phosphorus angaholela ekwakhekeni kwezingqimba ze-brittle intermetallic ngesikhathi se-galvanization, okungase kuphazamise izimfanelo zokuvikela zokugqoka.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Steel Founders' Society of America lubonisa ukuthi izinsimbi ezinokuqukethwe kwe-silicon ngaphansi kuka-0.04% noma phakathi kuka-0.15% no-0.22% zibonisa izici eziphelele zokugqama. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu enamakhemikhali afanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunamathela okuqinile okuqinile kanye nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila sekhoyili.
I-Zinc Coating Ukuqina
Ubukhulu be-zinc enamathela ngokuqondile bulingana nokuphila isikhathi eside kwekhoyili yensimbi enamapulangwe. Izingubo eziwugqinsi zinikeza ukuvikeleka okukhulu ekugqwaleni ngokunikeza ungqimba olukhulu lomhlatshelo lwe-zinc. Ugqinsi lwe-coating ngokuvamile lusezingeni, olunegama elifana ne-G60 noma i-G90, elibonisa inani le-zinc elisetshenziswa ngonyawo lwesikwele ngasinye.
Ngokwamazinga e-ASTM, ukunamathela kwe-G90 kuhambisana nongqimba lwezinc olucishe lube ama-ounces angu-0.9 ngonyawo lwesikwele, olunikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe phezu kwengubo ye-G60 (ama-ounces angu-0.6 ngonyawo lwesikwele). Ukukhetha ugqinsi olufanele lokumboza ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe kanye nezimo zemvelo kubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, Ikhoyili Yensimbi Ekhangayo ene-G90 ingcono uma kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle lapho kulindelwe khona ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinonya.
Ukucindezeleka Komshini Nokuphatha
Izingcindezi Zomzimba
Izingcindezi zemishini ezifana nokugoba, ukubumba, noma ukwelula kungase kuphazamise ubuqotho be-zinc enamathelayo. Phakathi nezinqubo zokwenziwa, ukuwohloka ngokweqile kwensimbi kungabangela ukuqhekeka noma ukuvuleka kongqimba lwezinc, kuveza i-substrate yensimbi ezintweni ezigqwalayo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela i-ductility ye-galvanized coating kanye nezakhiwo zemishini yensimbi lapho uklama izingxenye.
Ukusebenzisa amasu okwakha afanele, njengokuqinisekisa ukugoba kancane kancane nokugwema imiphetho ebukhali, kunganciphisa ukulimala kokumboza. Ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo eziguquguqukayo noma izinqubo zokugaxa ngemuva kwezingxenye ezakhiwe zingaphinda zigcine isendlalelo esivikelayo futhi zithuthukise ukuqina okuphelele komkhiqizo.
Imikhuba Yokuphatha Nokugcina
Ukungaphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokugcinwa kwamakhoyili ensimbi kungaholela ekulimaleni ngokomzimba kwe-zinc coating. Imihuzuko, imihuzuko, kanye nomthelela ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukugcinwa kungasusa noma kube mncane ungqimba oluyisivikelo, kwenze insimbi ithonye ukugqwala. Ukwengeza, ukupakisha amakhoyili angenazo izihlukanisi ezifanele kungaholela ezindaweni zokucindezela nokubambeka komswakama, kukhuthaze indawo evumela ukugqwala.
Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphatha zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinto ezivikelayo ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukusebenzisa imishini efakwe izinto zokubamba ezithambile, nokuqeqesha abasebenzi ngezindlela zokuphatha ezifanele. Okokugcina, ukugcina amakhoyili endaweni eyomile, engaphakathi endlini enomswakama olawulwayo, nokusebenzisa ama-spacers ukuvumela ukuhamba komoya kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokugqwala futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwamakhoyili.
Izinyathelo Zokuzivikela Nokunakekela
Izembatho Ezengeziwe Nokwelashwa
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubude bokuphila kwamakhoyili ensimbi, ukusebenzisa amakhoyili engeziwe okuvikela kunganikeza umgoqo owengeziwe ngokumelene nezinto ezigqwalayo. Izingubo zemvelo ezinjengamapende, ama-epoxies, noma ama-powder coatings angavala ungqimba lwezinc, avimbele ukuchayeka okuqondile kumswakama namakhemikhali. Izinhlelo ze-Duplex, ezihlanganisa i-galvanization ne-organic coating, ziboniswe ukwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo yensimbi.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo ku-Journal of Coatings Technology and Research lubonise ukuthi amasistimu angama-duplex anganweba isikhathi sokuphila kwensimbi ethathiwe izikhathi ezifika kwezingu-1.5 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-galvanization yodwa. Ukukhetha okunamathelayo okunokumelana okuphezulu kwe-UV kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezivezwe ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo.
Ukunakekela kanye Nokuhlola Okuvamile
Ukusebenzisa isimiso esivamile sokulungisa kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe futhi kubhekwane nezindaba ezingase zibeke engcupheni ubuqotho bokunamathela kukathayela. Ukuhlola kufanele kugxile ekuboneni izimpawu zokugqwala, ukonakaliswa kwengubo, noma izinguquko zemvelo ezingase zithinte amakhoyili. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela izenzo zokulungisa ezifika ngesikhathi, ezifana nokusebenzisa ama-touch-up coatings noma ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okwengeziwe.
Izindlela zokunakekela zingabandakanya ukuhlanza amakhoyili ukuze kukhishwe izinsalela ezigqwalile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi aphuma ngendlela efanele ezindaweni zokugcina ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana komswakama, nokuqapha izimo zemvelo. Ukunamathela ezimisweni zemboni kanye neziqondiso zokunakekelwa kungakhuphula kakhulu impilo yamakhoyili ensimbi.
Izibonelo Zezimboni Nezimboni
Ukuhlola izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi izici ezihlukahlukene zithonya kanjani ukuphila okude kwamakhoyili ensimbi. Kwesinye isifundo, inkampani yokwakha esebenzisa amakhoyili ensimbi ane-G60 ejwayelekile endaweni ezungezile yogu ibone ukugqwala ngaphambi kwesikhathi phakathi neminyaka emihlanu. Lapho kuhlaziywa, kwanqunywa ukuthi inhlanganisela yokugxilwa kukasawoti omningi kanye nokushuba okunganele kokunamathela kuholele ekuncishisweni kwesikhathi sokuphila. Ngokushintshela ku-G90 enamathelayo futhi yengeza i-epoxy primer, inkampani yelula isikhathi sokuphila semikhiqizo yayo yensimbi ngaphezu kwama-50%.
Esinye isibonelo sibandakanya ifemu ekhiqizayo eye yahlangabezana nokwehluleka kokunamathela ngenxa yemikhuba engafanele yokugcina izinto. Amakhoyili ayegcinwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokumboza okokuvikela, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwamanzi kanye nokugqwala okusheshayo. Ngemuva kokwamukela indawo yokugcina yasendlini ngokulawula umswakama nokusebenzisa ukuhlola okuvamile, inkampani ibone ukwehla okukhulu ezindabeni eziphathelene nokugqwala, kwathuthukisa ukuqina kwayo. I-Galvanized Steel Coil yokusungula.
Imibono Nezincomo Zochwepheshe
Ongoti bezimboni bagcizelela ukubaluleka kwendlela ehlangene yokwelula impilo yamakhoyili ensimbi. UDkt. John Smith, isazi se-metallurgist esinesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, uphakamisa ukuthi 'ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yokwakheka kwensimbi, indlela yokufaka uthayela, nezindwangu zokuvikela eziklanyelwe izimo ezithile zemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina.'
Ngokufanayo, uJane Doe, umxhumanisi wemboni, ugqamisa indima yokugcinwa kwesondlo: 'Ukuhlola okuvamile kanye namasu okulungisa ngokushesha avame ukunganakwa kodwa kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe izimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka. Ukutshala imali ekunakekeleni kungasindisa izindleko ezibalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokuvimbela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.'
Ochwepheshe baphinde batusa ukuhlala unolwazi ngentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokumboza nesayensi yezinto. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nama-nano-coatings kanye nezinto zokuziphilisa zinikeza izindlela ezithembisayo zokuthuthukisa impilo ende yemikhiqizo yensimbi enamayini.
Isiphetho
Ubude bokuphila kwamakhoyili ensimbi buthonywa ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimo zemvelo, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, izici zemishini, nezinqubo zokunakekela. Ezimbonini, ozakwethu besiteshi, nabasabalalisi, ukuqonda lezi zici kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi ezithuthukisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka komkhiqizo. Ngokukhetha Ikhoyili Yensimbi Yensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ezifanele, nokunamathela emikhubeni engcono kakhulu yokuphatha nokunakekela, ababambe iqhaza banganweba kakhulu impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo yabo yensimbi.
Embonini ehlala ishintsha, ukuhlala wazi ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokucwenga ngokuqhubekayo amasu okunciphisa ukugqwala kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amakhoyili ensimbi ahlala eyisixazululo esiqinile futhi esingabizi kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene. Ukuqonda okuhlinzekwe kulokhu kuhlaziya kusebenza njengenkomba ebanzi yokwandisa isikhathi eside samakhoyili ensimbi, ekugcineni kube negalelo ekusebenzeni kahle kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside.
