Kugereranya ibikoresho byo hejuru yicyuma akenshi byunvikana no kugendana ikirombe cyimibare ivuguruzanya. Nibintu bimwe bikunze kunanirwa mugutondekanya ibintu. Gura ibyuma bike cyane, kandi ushobora guhura numuyaga uzamura umuyaga mugihe cyumuyaga wambere. Gura byinshi cyane, kandi ntusesagura amafaranga gusa ahubwo unashiraho ingingo zitari ngombwa zishobora kumeneka uhindura igisenge cyawe mumutwe.
Gutandukana gukomeye kurahari muruganda kubyerekeranye nuburyo iyi mibare ikorwa. Abashoramari babigize umwuga mubisanzwe babara kuri 'Square ' (ubuso bwa metero kare 100), mugihe ba nyiri amazu na DIYers bakunda kubara ukoresheje urupapuro rwumubiri 'Urupapuro rwo hejuru.' Kurandura iki cyuho ni ngombwa mugushiraho umutekano, amazi.
Muri iki gitabo, turatanga formulaire yukuri ya panne yihuta yihuta, nka sisitemu ya ruswa na R-Panel. Tuzabara kandi kuri 'umusoro wigikoresho ' - imigozi ikenerwa mugukata, kumurika, no guhuzagurika - bikunze kwibagirana kugeza umushinga urangiye. Uzamenya neza uburyo bwo kubara ibisabwa kugirango umenye ibyawe Urupapuro rwo hejuru rushyiraho umutekano, rukora neza, kandi rukoresha ingengo yimari.
Ibyingenzi
Itegeko 'Square ': Kugirango bije byihuse, fata imigozi 80 kuri metero kare 100 zubusenge.
'Urupapuro ' Itegeko: Urupapuro rusanzwe rwa metero 12 yicyuma gisakara ibyuma bisaba 35-40 (harimo no kuzenguruka).
Ntiwibagirwe Trim: Ongeraho 15-20% yinyongera kumubare wawe wose kugirango ubare imipira yimisozi, eva, hamwe no kudoda kuruhande.
Ibintu byo gushyira: Ubucucike bugomba kwiyongera kuri eva no mumisozi (ahantu hahanamye cyane) ugereranije numurima wigisenge.
Gusobanura Ibice: 'Urupapuro rwo hejuru' v. 'Ikibanza cyo hejuru '
Mbere yo gukubita imibare muri calculatrice, ugomba gusobanukirwa imvugo yo kugereranya igisenge. Kuvanga ibice byawe nuburyo bwihuse bwo gutesha agaciro ingengo yimishinga. Ibice bibiri byibanze byo gupima - 'Square ' na 'Urupapuro ' - bikora intego zitandukanye.
Ikibanza cyo hejuru
'Igisenge cyo hejuru' ni igipimo cya zahabu cyo gupima inganda. Umwanya umwe uhwanye na metero kare 100 yubuso. Iyo ababikora cyangwa abatanga isoko batanze igereranyo rusange, nka 'imigozi 80 ikenewe, ' bahora bavuga kwaduka, ntabwo ari akanama kamwe. Iyi metero yemerera abashoramari gupiganira imishinga minini bidakenewe kumenya uburebure bwihariye bwa buri tsinda.
Urupapuro rwo hejuru
Urupapuro 'Urupapuro rwo hejuru' rwerekeza kumwanya ugaragara kurubuga rwawe. Ibi biratandukanye cyane mubunini, mubisanzwe kuva kuri metero 3 kugeza kuri metero zirenga 20 z'uburebure, mubugari ubusanzwe bugera kuri metero 3. Kubara kurupapuro birasobanutse neza kubikorwa byukuri byo kwishyiriraho kuko biguhatira kubara umwanya wa purlin hamwe nuburebure bwumwanya. Nyamara, ubu buryo bugusaba kumenya amakuru arambuye yuburyo mbere yo gutumiza.
Impamvu bifite akamaro kubitegeko
Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro birinda amakosa ahenze. Niba wibeshye utumiza imigozi 80 kurupapuro rwumubiri - ukeka ko uwabitanze yashakaga kuvuga 'kuri buri kibaho ' aho kuba 'kuri kare ' - uzarangiza ufite ibihumbi birenga. Ibinyuranye, niba utumije imigozi 20 kuri kare kuko wabonye igereranyo cya 'kurupapuro ' kumurongo, igisenge cyawe ntikizabura imbaraga zifatika zisabwa kugirango urokoke umuyaga mwinshi.
'Amategeko ya Thumb ' Imiterere yo Kugereranya
Kugirango woroshye gahunda yo gutumiza, dukoresha formulaire ebyiri zibanze. Umwe atanga umuvuduko wa bije, mugihe undi atanga ibisobanuro byubwubatsi.
| Imiterere ya |
formula A: Uburyo bwa kare Amashusho |
Uburyo B: Uburyo bwurupapuro rwumubiri |
| Ibyiza Kuri |
Guteganya byihuse no gutumiza byinshi. |
Kurangiza ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho hamwe nurutonde rwuzuye. |
| Kubara |
Igisenge cyose Ft. × 0.80 |
(Uburebure bw'urupapuro ÷ 2 + 1) × 4 + Imirongo izenguruka |
| Ukuri |
Ugereranije (Ikigereranyo rusange) |
Hejuru (Byihariye kuri Framing) |
| Biragoye |
Hasi |
Hejuru |
Inzira A: Uburyo bwa mashusho ya kare (Byihuta)
Ubu buryo nibyiza kubigereranyo byambere. Ifata imikorere yinganda zisanzwe, nkumwanya wa santimetero 24 za purlin hamwe nuburinganire busanzwe bwa santimetero 36.
Kubara: Fata Igishusho Cyuzuye Cyuzuye Amashusho hanyuma uyigwize 0.80. Ibi biguha imigozi yose ikenewe.
Kurugero, niba ufite igisenge cya metero kare 2000, imibare iroroshye: 2000 × 0.80 = 1,600. Buri gihe turasaba kuzenguruka kugeza kumasanduku yegeranye (mubisanzwe 250 kubara). Iyi buffer ibara kubitsindagiye, imigozi igoramye, hamwe namakosa yo kubara.
Inzira B: Uburyo bwurupapuro rwumubiri (Byukuri)
Iyo witeguye kubaka, ukeneye ibisobanuro. Iyi formula ireba ibisabwa byihariye byurupapuro rumwe rushingiye ku kuntu ifata ibiti.
Kubara:
1. Menya umubare wumurongo wihuta: (Uburebure bwurupapuro mumaguru ÷ 2) + 1.
2. Kubara imigozi kuri buri rupapuro: Kugwiza umubare wumurongo kuri 4 (ubugari bwurugero rusanzwe).
3. Ongeraho imigozi yo kudoda: Ongeraho umugozi 1 kumaguru kumurongo wumurongo wuruhande.
Urugero Urugero:
Reba urupapuro rusanzwe rwa metero 12.
Ubwa mbere, shakisha umurongo: (12 ÷ 2) + 1 = 7 imirongo.
Ibikurikira, shakisha imirongo yumurima: imirongo 7 × 4 imigozi = 28.
Hanyuma, ongeramo imigozi ya lap: metero 12 zo guhuzagurika bisaba imigozi 12 yo kudoda.
Igiteranyo: imigozi 40 kurupapuro rwa metero 12.
Ibikorwa byihuta byumwirondoro (Byakosowe na R-Panel)
Ntabwo ibyuma byose byashyizweho muburyo bumwe. Umwirondoro wurupapuro rwawe rusobanura aho ushyira screw nangahe ukeneye kumurongo.
Bisanzwe ⅞ 'Igisenge Cyuma
Icyitegererezo cya wavy cyicyuma gikonjesha gisaba kwitondera byumwihariko. Ubwenge hano ni ukureba ko icyuma kidakura mu giti mugihe cyo kwagura ubushyuhe.
Icyitegererezo cyerekana: Imiyoboro isanzwe ishyirwa buri kintu cya gatatu (umurongo).
Ubucucike: Ibi bivamo hafi umugozi umwe kuri santimetero 8 hejuru yubugari bwikibaho kumurongo.
Umwanya wo hejuru nu mwanya muto: Hariho ubucuruzi bukomeje mu gushyira. Gushyira umugozi mu mwanya wa '' Hejuru '(hejuru y'urubavu) bigabanya amahirwe yo kumeneka kuko amazi ahunga umwobo. Ariko, kubishyira mumwanya wa 'Hasi ' (ikibaya) bitanga kashe ikomeye kandi imbaraga zikomeye zo gufata ibiti. Buri gihe ugenzure ibyifuzo byabakora kubicuruzwa byawe byihariye.
R-Ikibaho / PBR Ikibaho (Trapezoidal)
R-Panel ni imiterere-yinganda-yerekana imyirondoro hamwe nimbavu ndende hamwe nu mwanya uringaniye hagati. Imiterere ya screw iratandukanye bitewe nuburyo ikibaho cyicaye hejuru yinzu.
Icyitegererezo: Muri rusange ukenera imigozi 5 kumurongo kumpera yikibaho (Eaves na Ridge) kugirango urwanye umuyaga uzamuka. Mumwanya wo hagati wigisenge, imiyoboro 3 kugeza kuri 4 kumurongo irahagije.
Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi: Bitandukanye na panne yamashanyarazi, ibifunga R-Panel bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hahanamye, kuruhande rwurubavu. Gutwara umugozi hejuru yimbavu ya trapezoidal irashobora kumenagura umwirondoro, kwangiza ubwiza no guhungabanya kashe.
Ibitekerezo bihagaze
Niba urimo gushiraho igisenge gihagaze, amategeko arahinduka rwose. Sisitemu ikoresha clips zihishe aho gukoresha imigozi igaragara. Ntabwo kubara imigozi kuri buri rupapuro rwinjira ; ahubwo, ubara clips kumurongo muremure ukurikije intera intera (mubisanzwe buri santimetero 12 kugeza 24). Ntukoreshe formula muriyi ngingo kugirango uhagarare sisitemu.
Hihishe 20%: Kubara Imirongo ya Trim na Side Laps
DIYers nyinshi zibara neza imigozi ikenewe kumwanya wingenzi ariko wibagirwe rwose 'umusoro wibikoresho.
'Ubudozi ' Umuyoboro (Icyuma-Kuri-Icyuma)
Imashini idoda yashizweho kugirango ihuze ibice bibiri bito byicyuma hamwe bitinjiye mubiti munsi. Intego yacyo yibanze nugukingira guhagarikwa (kuruhande) hagati yimpapuro ebyiri. Niba usimbutse ibi, umuyaga urashobora gufata inkombe y'urupapuro hanyuma ukawusubiza inyuma nkuruhu rw'igitoki.
Mubisanzwe ukenera umugozi umwe wo kudoda buri santimetero 12 kugeza kuri 24 hejuru. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko akenshi usanga ari ubunini butandukanye - ubusanzwe bugufi kandi bunini - kuruta imigozi yawe ifata ibiti.
Ibisabwa hamwe na Flashing
Impande zose z'igisenge cyawe zisaba trim, kandi buri gice cya trim gisaba kwizirika.
Imipira ya Ridge: Ibi bitwikiriye impinga yinzu kandi bisaba kudoda kumpande zombi. Amategeko meza yintoki ni imigozi 4 kumirongo yumurongo wuburebure.
Rake / Gable Trim: Ibi bitwikiriye impande zihengamye kandi mubisanzwe bikenera umugozi umwe kuri santimetero 24.
Kumurika Ikibaya: Aka ni agace gakomeye ko kwirinda amazi. Ubucucike bwihuse burakenewe hano, akenshi buri santimetero 12 kuruhande rwinyuma, kugirango amazi atihuta munsi yibibaho.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kwishyiriraho bigira ingaruka ku bwinshi
Kubara hamwe na formula zitanga ibyingenzi, ariko ibintu-byukuri isi isaba guhinduka. Ibintu bitatu byingenzi birashobora guhindura cyane kubara kwawe.
Uturere tuzamura umuyaga ( 'Eave & Ridge ' Itegeko)
Umuvuduko wumuyaga ntabwo ari umwe hejuru yinzu. Fizika itegeka ko igitutu kiri hejuru cyane ku mfuruka no ku mpande (eva na ruhurura). Kubwibyo, ntushobora gukoresha uburyo bworoshye 'Umwanya ' muri utwo turere.
Imyitozo isanzwe yerekana gukuba kabiri ubucucike bwihuse kuri eave yo hepfo no hejuru. Niba urimo gukuramo urundi rubavu rwagati rwagati, ugomba gukuramo imbavu imwe kuri eave. Ibi byemeza ko umuyaga udashobora kubona urutoki munsi yicyuma.
Umwanya wa Purlin
Gushushanya kwa substrate kugena inshuro yawe yihuta. Inzira nyinshi zifata intera isanzwe ya santimetero 24 hagati ya purlins. Niba imiterere yawe ikoresha intera ya santimetero 12, kubara kwa screw kubibaho nyamukuru bizikuba kabiri. Buri gihe ugenzure niba ushyira hejuru yububiko (purlins) cyangwa igorofa ikomeye (pande) mbere yo kurangiza ibyo wateguye.
Guhitamo Uburebure bwihuse
Mugihe uburebure budahindura kubara , buhindura gahunda . Amategeko rusange nuko umugozi ugomba kwinjira mubiti byibiti byibura santimetero 1.
Kugirango uhuze urupapuro rwo hejuru hejuru yimbaho, ibiti bya santimetero 1.5 birasanzwe.
Kubikoresho byo kudoda (urupapuro-ku rupapuro), screw-inimero isanzwe.
Kuvanga ibisubizo hejuru mumashanyarazi asunika munsi yinzu yawe cyangwa kunanirwa gufata inkwi neza.
Isuzuma ry'ingaruka: Kurenza-Gukuramo na Kurenza
Nibyiza gukoresha imiyoboro myinshi cyangwa mike cyane? Igisubizo ntabwo. Igisenge cy'icyuma gisaba 'Goldilock ' aho amafaranga ari neza.
Igiciro cya 'Bake cyane '
Gukoresha imigozi mike kurenza uko wasabwe ni urusimbi rutaziguye ikirere. Ibyago byihuse ni uguhita, aho umuyaga uhuhuta umuyaga. Ibyago byoroshye cyane ni 'gutondeka. ' Niba urupapuro rudashizwemo kenshi bihagije, kwaguka kwumuriro no kugabanuka bishobora gutera icyuma gukurura imigozi mike ihari. Uru rugendo rwagura umwobo mugihe, amaherezo biganisha kumeneka bigoye gukurikirana.
Igiciro cya 'Benshi cyane '
Logic yerekana ko imigozi myinshi ingana imbaraga nyinshi, ariko mugisenge, buri cyuma ni umwobo. Imiyoboro idakenewe yongera imibare yimibare yo kunanirwa gukaraba cyangwa kwishyiriraho nabi. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, gukabya gukabya birashobora gutera 'gucogora. ' Ibi bigoreka icyuma, bigatuma habaho kwiheba gukikije umutwe wa screw aho amazi ashobora guhurira. Amazi ahagaze aganisha ku ngese, kandi ingese iganisha ku kunanirwa hejuru.
Icyemezo
Komera cyane kumeza yumutwaro wumushinga kubicuruzwa byawe byihariye. 'Ibindi nibyiza ' ni ikinyoma giteye akaga hejuru yinzu. 'Gukosora nibyiza ' niryo tegeko ryonyine ryemeza kuramba.
Umwanzuro
Kugereranya ibifunga ntabwo bigomba kuba umukino wo gukeka. Mugusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati ya kare na Shitingi, urashobora kwirinda imitego isanzwe yo gutumiza birenze cyangwa kwiruka bigufi. Ibuka kubara umutekano: Fata amashusho yawe yose hamwe, ugwize 0.8, hanyuma wongereho 15% kugirango utwikire imitako yawe.
Inama imwe yanyuma kubyo wategetse: Buri gihe ugure imigozi yo mu rwego rwohejuru hamwe na EPDM yoza. Kugerageza kuzigama amadorari 20 kubifata bihendutse birashobora kubangamira ishoramari ryamadorari 5,000 mumashanyarazi. Gukaraba neza birwanya imirasire ya UV hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bigatuma urugo rwawe rwuma mumyaka mirongo.
Mbere yo gutwara iyo screw ya mbere, baza imbonerahamwe yumutwaro wihariye kumurongo wawe. Gahunda yemejwe nigikoresho cyiza mumukandara wawe.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Nkeneye imiyoboro ingahe nkeneye urupapuro rwa metero 12 zo gusakara ibyuma?
Igisubizo: Mubisanzwe uzakenera imiyoboro iri hagati ya 35 na 40 kumpapuro isanzwe ya metero 12. Iyi mibare itekereza ko uhambiriye muri purlins iri hagati ya metero 2 kandi ushizemo imigozi ikenewe yo kudoda kuruhande. Niba purline yawe yegereye hamwe (urugero, santimetero 12), iyi mibare iziyongera cyane.
Ikibazo: Nshobora gushyira imigozi mu rubavu cyangwa igorofa y'urupapuro?
Igisubizo: Ibi biterwa rwose numwirondoro. Kubisanzwe ⅞ 'Ikibaho gikonjeshejwe, imigozi ikunze gushyirwa mu rubavu rurerure kugira ngo hatabaho kumeneka, nubwo bamwe mu bakora inganda bemera ko ikibaya gishyirwa mu mbaraga. Kuri R-Panel na trapezoidal imyirondoro, imigozi igomba gushyirwa ahantu hahanamye (hasi) kugirango wirinde kumenagura imbavu no kwemeza neza kashe ku giti.
Ikibazo: Nshobora gukoresha imiyoboro imwe kuri trim na paneli?
Igisubizo: Muri rusange, oya. Ukeneye imigozi yihariye yo gufata (mubisanzwe uburebure bwa santimetero 1.5) kugirango uhuze imbaho kumiterere. Ariko, kugirango ugabanye gutambuka no kuruhande, ukeneye 'kudoda ' imigozi (mubisanzwe ⅞ -uburebure). Ibi byashizweho kugirango bifate ibyuma mubyuma kandi bifite igishushanyo gitandukanye. Gukoresha imigozi miremire yimbaho kubibero birashobora guteza akaga kandi bitagaragara.
Ikibazo: Nabara nte imigozi yo hejuru ya 10x10?
Igisubizo: Igisenge cya 10x10 gihwanye na metero kare 100, nimwe rwose 'kare. ' Ukoresheje itegeko risanzwe ryintoki (imigozi 80 kuri kare), wakenera imigozi igera kuri 80 kumurima. Ariko rero, ugomba kongeramo hafi 20% kubitandukanya namakosa, uzana ibyateganijwe byose kumasanduku yimigozi 100 kugirango ugire umutekano.
