Ibyuma bidafite ingese bihabwa agaciro kubiramba, birwanya ruswa, kandi bigaragara neza. Ibi bikoresho bitandukanye bikora inganda zitabarika, kuva mubwubatsi n’imodoka kugeza gutunganya ibiryo no kubisaba ubuvuzi. Ariko bigenda bite iyo urumuri rwiza rutangiye gucika? Niba warabonye icyuma cyawe kitagira ingese gikura ibara ry'umuhondo, ibara ry'ubururu-umukara, cyangwa isura itagaragara, ntabwo uri wenyine.
Guhindura amabara mumashanyarazi adafite ingese birashobora gutesha umutwe, cyane cyane iyo bigira ingaruka nziza muburyo bwiza. Amakuru meza nuko amabara menshi ashobora kwirindwa kandi akenshi ashobora guhinduka. Gusobanukirwa nintandaro-uhereye kubushyuhe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti kugeza kumiterere yibintu no kubika - biguha imbaraga zo kurinda igishoro cyawe no gukomeza gusinyisha ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Aka gatabo kasesenguye siyanse yubushakashatsi bwibara ryicyuma, ryerekana impamvu zisanzwe, kandi ritanga ibisubizo bifatika byo gukumira no kugarura. Waba urimo guhangana nubushyuhe buke cyangwa okiside ihambaye, uzavumbura ingamba zifatika kugirango ibyuma byawe bitagira umwanda bisa kandi bikore neza.
Igiceri kitagira umuyonga ni iki?
Igiceri kitagira umuyonga ni umurongo uhoraho wibyuma bidafite ingese byahinduwe muburyo bwa coil kugirango ubike neza, ubwikorezi, no gutunganya. Ibiceri mubisanzwe bitangirira kumpapuro zoroshye kugeza kubipimo bipima cyane, bitewe nibisabwa.
Ibyiciro bikunze kugaragara harimo 304, 316, 316L, na 201 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, buri kimwe gifite imiterere itandukanye.
304 Ibyuma bitagira umwanda - Intego-rusange, irwanya ruswa nziza, ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, gutunganya ibiryo, no gukoresha urugo.
316 Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga - Yongerewe imbaraga na molybdenum kugirango irwanye cyane chloride, nibyiza kubidukikije byo mu nyanja n’imiti.
316L Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga - Carbone yo hasi ya 316, itanga gusudira neza no kuramba mubidukikije bikaze.
201 Icyuma kitagira umuyonga - Igiciro-cyiza kirimo nikel yo hasi, ntigishobora kwihanganira ruswa, ibereye murugo cyangwa idasaba ibintu byinshi.
Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bishakisha inganda zitandukanye. Mu bwubatsi, bikoreshwa mu gusakara, kwambika, n'ibice byubatswe. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zishingiye kuri sisitemu yo gusohora no gutunganya imitako. Ibikoresho bitunganya ibiryo bikoresha ibikoresho nubuso busaba amahame akomeye yisuku. Abakora ibikoresho byubuvuzi bahitamo ibyuma bidafite ingese kubikoresho byo kubaga no kubitera bitewe na biocompatibilité.
Ubuso busa bwibyuma bidafite ingese bifite akamaro kanini. Kurenga ubwiza, imiterere yubuso igira ingaruka kumikorere nko kurwanya ruswa, isuku, no guhererekanya ubushyuhe. Ubuso bwangiritse bushobora gutuma imikurire ya bagiteri ikoreshwa mubiribwa cyangwa kwihuta kwangirika mubidukikije.
Kuberiki Ibiceri bitagira umuyonga bihindura ibara?
Ibanga ryo kutangirika kwangirika kwangirika kwangirika kurwego rwa chromium oxyde. Iyo chromium mubyuma ikora na ogisijeni, ikora firime itagaragara, yikiza ubwayo irinda ingese kandi igakomeza kugaragara kwicyuma. Uru rupapuro rudahwema guhora rushya iyo rwangiritse, rusobanura impamvu ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikora neza mubidukikije byinshi.
Guhindura ibara bibaho mugihe iki gice cyo gukingira kibangamiwe cyangwa gihinduwe. Ibintu byinshi birashobora guhungabanya firime ya chromium oxyde, biganisha kumihindagurikire yamabara igaragara kuva muburyo bworoshye kugeza umwijima utangaje.
Reba Byihuse: Impamvu nyamukuru zitera ibyuma bitagira umwanda
Ubushyuhe - Gusudira, gukata, cyangwa guhimba birashobora gukora ibara ry'umuhondo, ubururu, umukara, cyangwa umukara.
Imiti ikoreshwa - Chloride, bleach, ammonia, hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya inganda bigabanya imbaraga za oxyde.
Kwanduza Ubuso - Umukungugu w'icyuma, igikumwe cy'intoki, amavuta, cyangwa ibisigisigi biva mu isuku / polish bitera umwanda.
Ubwiza bwibikoresho - amanota yo hasi nka 201 akunda gucika; 316 / 316L irwanye neza.
Ubuso Ubuso / Kurangiza - Ubuso butavuwe cyangwa butavuwe neza vuba; isura nziza / passivated isura irwanya igihe kirekire.
Gushyushya Ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru
Ubushyuhe bugaragaza imwe mu mpamvu zitera amabara adafite ingese. Iyo ibyuma bidafite ingese byatewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe cyo gusudira, gukata, cyangwa guhimba, urwego rukingira oxyde irinda umubyimba kandi igahindura imiterere ya optique.
Ubushyuhe bworoshye busanzwe butanga ibara ry'umuhondo, zahabu, cyangwa ibyatsi. Ibi bibaho iyo firime ya oxyde ikuze igera kuri metero 25-50 z'ubugari, bigatuma habaho intera yerekana amabara ashyushye. Guhindura ibara akenshi bigaragara cyane mubice byahuye nubushyuhe butaringaniye mugihe cyo gusudira.
Ubushyuhe bukabije bwerekana ubururu, umukara, cyangwa umukara. Ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, firime ya oxyde ikomeza kwiyongera, igera ku bunini bwa nanometero 100-200 cyangwa irenga. Izi firime zibyibushye zitanga amabara yijimye binyuze muburyo bumwe bwo kwivanga. Ibikorwa byo gusudira, cyane cyane iyo gazi ikingira ikwiye idakoreshwa, mubisanzwe irema ibara ritangaje.
Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo guhindura ibara buratandukana bitewe nicyiciro, ariko ibyuma byinshi bitagira umwanda bitangira kwerekana ibara ryamabara hafi 450 ° F (230 ° C). Kwiyongera kwinshi nubushyuhe buringaniye burashobora kubaka buhoro buhoro ibice bya oxyde ihindura isura.
Kumurika imiti
Imiti ishobora guhungabanya byihuse urwego rwirinda okiside, biganisha ku guhinduka amabara ndetse nibibazo bikomeye byo kwangirika. Ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukora isuku nka bleach na ammonia bitera ikibazo cyane, kuko bishobora gutera firime ya chromium oxyde.
Guhura na Chloride bibangamira cyane ibyuma bidafite ingese, cyane cyane ku nkombe z’inyanja cyangwa mu nyanja. Amazi yumunyu arimo intungamubiri nyinshi za chloride ion zishobora kwinjira murwego rwa pasiporo, bigatera kwangirika kwijimye no kwijimye. Ndetse imyunyu isigaye kubitwara cyangwa gutwara bishobora gutera ibibazo mugihe.
Umwanda uhumanya inganda, harimo ibibyimba bya sulfure hamwe n’umwuka wa acide, bifata hamwe na chromium mu byuma bitagira umwanda kugira ngo bitere ibara. Ibikoresho byo gukora, ibihingwa ngengabukungu, hamwe n’ibidukikije byo mu mijyi bifite umwanda mwinshi birashobora kwihutisha iyo myitwarire.
Igihe cyo kwibanda hamwe nigihe cyo kwerekana byerekana ubukana bwimiti iterwa na chimique. Guhura muri make n’imiti yoroheje bishobora gutera gusa ibintu bitagaragara, mugihe kumara igihe kinini uhura n’imiti ikaze bishobora kuviramo kwangirika burundu.
Kwanduza Ubuso
Kwanduza hejuru byerekana impamvu ikunze kwirengagizwa itera ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Ibice by'icyuma biva hafi yo gutunganya ibyuma bya karubone birashobora kubitsa hejuru yicyuma, aho bihindura okiside kandi bigakora ibara ryamabara agaragara nkumukara cyangwa umukara.
Kwanduzanya kwinshi bikunze kugaragara mubikoresho bitunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda na karubone. Gusya ivumbi, gutunganya imashini, cyangwa no guhura nibikoresho byuma bya karubone birashobora kwimura ibice byicyuma hejuru yicyuma. Ibi bice noneho bigenda byangirika, bigakora ibara ryaho.
Ibisigisigi biva mumashanyarazi, ibishashara, cyangwa ibikoresho byoza bishobora nanone gutera ibara. Iyo ibyo bintu bihuye nubushyuhe cyangwa imirasire ya UV, birashobora kubora cyangwa kubyitwaramo hejuru yicyuma, hasigara ibara ry'umuhondo cyangwa umukara bigoye kuvanaho.
Gukemura umwanda uva kurutoki, amavuta, numwanda birashobora gutanga ibibanza byo gutangiriraho ruswa. Nubwo bidahita bigaragara, ibyo bihumanya birashobora buhoro buhoro biganisha ku ibara, cyane cyane ahantu h’ubushuhe.
Ubwiza bwibintu nibitandukaniro
Ubwiza nicyiciro cyibyuma bitagira umwanda bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwo guhinduka amabara. Urwego rwohejuru rwohejuru hamwe na chromium nyinshi, nikel, na molybdenum bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya amabara no kwangirika.
Icyiciro cya 201 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nubwo igiciro cyacyo kiri hasi, kirimo nikel nkeya kurenza amanota yo hejuru nka 304 cyangwa 316. Ibi byagabanije ibivanze bivanze nibishobora guhinduka amabara no kwangirika, cyane cyane mubidukikije bigoye. Abakoresha bakunze kubona ko bigenda byihuta kandi bigahinduka kenshi amabara hamwe nibikoresho bya 201.
Icyiciro cya 316 na 316L bitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe zo guhangana n’ibara bitewe na molybdenum, ibyo bikaba byongera umutekano muke wa oxyde ikingira. Icyiciro cya 316Ti (titanium-stabilised) itanga imikorere myiza kubushyuhe bwo hejuru mukurinda imvura ya karbide ishobora guhungabanya ruswa.
Kubwamahirwe, ibicuruzwa byimpimbano cyangwa bitujuje ubuziranenge ibyuma biboneka kumasoko. Ibi bikoresho ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango babone amanota basabwa, bikaviramo kutagira ibara ryiza no kunanirwa gukora bitunguranye.
Ubuso Ubuso no Kurangiza
Kurangiza isura bigira uruhare runini mukurwanya amabara. Ubuso bubi butanga ahantu hanini ho kwinjiza ubushyuhe no gutera imiti, bigatuma bashobora guhinduka cyane. Ubuso bwiyongereye kandi butanga imbuga nyinshi zo kwanduza.
Ubuso busize bugaragaza ubushyuhe neza kandi bugaragaza ahantu hato ho gutera imiti cyangwa kwiyongera. Kurangiza neza kandi bituma isuku yoroshye kandi ikora neza, ifasha kubungabunga urwego rwa oxyde ikingira.
Ubuso butambutse, bwavuwe muburyo bwa chimique kugirango bongere urwego rwa oxyde, bwerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ibara. Inzira ya passivation ikuraho umwanda wanduye kandi iteza imbere gushiraho firime imwe ya chromium oxyde ikingira.
Urusyo rurangiza rutandukanye cyane mukurwanya amabara. Ibikoresho bikonje bikonje bifite ubuso bworoshye kuruta ibicuruzwa bishyushye, bigatuma bidakunda guhinduka kwamabara mugihe cyo kubika no kubikora.
Ubwoko Bwamabara Rusange nicyo Bisobanura
Gusobanukirwa isura yubwoko butandukanye bwamabara bifasha gusuzuma icyabiteye no guhitamo ingamba zikwiye zo gukosora.
| Ubwoko bw'Ibara ry'amabara |
Biboneka |
Birashoboka Gutera |
Oxide ya firime ya Oxide (hafi.) |
Ibisanzwe Bisanzwe Ibintu Byihuse |
Byihuse |
Ibikorwa |
| Umuhondo / Zahabu |
Icyatsi gishyushye - zahabu |
Okiside yoroheje iturutse ku bushyuhe buringaniye; ibisigara bifata ubushyuhe |
~ 25-50 nm |
Gusudira byoroheje / ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hafi yumuriro, ahantu hashyushye |
Hasi → Hagati |
Isuku hamwe nisuku idafite umutekano; polish yoroheje; subiramo ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo kubika |
| Ubururu / Umuhondo / Umukara |
Ubururu bwijimye kugeza umukara / umukara cyangwa ibishishwa |
Okiside iremereye yo gusudira / gukata / gushyuha; birashoboka ibitero byimiti byaho |
~ 100–200 + nm |
Uturere twibasiwe nubushyuhe hafi ya weld, gukingira nabi, intambwe zishyushye |
Hagati → Hejuru |
Imashini ya mashini / brush; gufata umwanda / gusukura imiti; ongera ushishikarire; gukosora ibipimo byo gusudira / gukingira |
| Yijimye / Yashize |
Gutakaza urumuri nta ibara ritandukanye |
Isuku idakwiye, umwanda / umunyu, ibinyobwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi (urugero, 201) bitera micro-roughening |
N / A (ubuso bukabije / kwanduza) |
Kwerekana inkombe / inganda, kwiyubaka bisigaye, gusukura kenshi |
Hasi → Hagati (irashobora gukomera) |
Isuku yimbitse; koresha isuku ikwiye; passivation; tekereza urwego rwo hejuru (304/316) kubidukikije |
Umuhondo cyangwa Zahabu
Ibara ry'umuhondo cyangwa zahabu mubisanzwe byerekana okiside yoroheje iturutse ku bushyuhe buringaniye. Iri bara rigaragara iyo urwego rwa oxyde rukuze rugera kuri metero 25-50 z'uburebure, bigatuma habaho interineti itanga umusaruro ushimishije.
Ubu bwoko bwamabara bukora nkikimenyetso cyo kuburira hakiri kare gukura kwa oxyde. Nubwo bidahita byangiza imikorere, byerekana ko ibyuma byahuye nibintu bishobora gutuma habaho ibara rikomeye iyo bidakemuwe.
Ibara ry'umuhondo bikunze kugaragara mugihe cyo gusudira urumuri, guhura nubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa kubika ahantu hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Irashobora kandi guturuka kubisigisigi byibintu bimwe byogusukura cyangwa polish bifata iyo bishyushye.
Ubururu, Umuhondo, cyangwa Umukara
Ibara ry'ubururu, umukara, cyangwa umukara byerekana okiside iremereye yo gusudira, gukata, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Aya mabara aturuka kuri firime ya oxyde yakuze igera kuri nanometero 100-200 cyangwa ikabyimbye, ikora uburyo bwo kwivanga butanga ibara ryijimye.
Ibara ryirabura rishobora kandi kwerekana ruswa yangiritse cyangwa igitero cyimiti cyinjiye hejuru yubutaka bwa oxyde. Muri ibi bihe, isura yijimye ituruka ku bicuruzwa byangirika aho kuba ubunini bwa firime ya oxyde.
Ubushuhe bwibasiwe nubushyuhe bukunze kwerekana ubu bwoko bwamabara, cyane cyane mugihe uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira butakurikijwe. Uburemere busanzwe bufitanye isano nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwageze mugihe cyo gushyushya.
Icyuma Cyijimye cyangwa Cyashize
Gutakaza urumuri rudafite ibara ritandukanye akenshi biva mubisuku bidakwiye, guhura nibidukikije bikaze, cyangwa gukoresha ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hasi. Ubuso butakaza imiterere yabwo kubera microscopique roughening cyangwa yanduye.
Icyiciro cya 201 ibyuma bidafite ingese bikunze kwerekana ubu bwoko bwo kugaragara nabi bitewe nibirimo byo hasi. Kugabanuka kwa chromium na nikel bituma bidashoboka ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kugaragara neza, kugaragara kuranga amanota yo hejuru.
Kwangiza ibidukikije mu bice by’inganda cyangwa ku nkombe birashobora buhoro buhoro guhindura ibyuma bitagira umwanda binyuze mu kwegeranya imyanda ihumanya, imyunyu y’umunyu, cyangwa ibitero by’imiti bikomeretsa hejuru ya microscopique.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka zikomeye
Ibintu byinshi bidukikije no kubikemura byerekana uburyo bwihuse kandi bukomeye ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bitera ibara.
Ubushyuhe nubushyuhe murwego rwo kubika bigira ingaruka cyane kubiciro byamabara. Ubushuhe bwinshi butanga ubushuhe bwihutisha okiside, mugihe ihindagurika ryubushuhe rishobora gutera kondegene ikora ahantu hashobora kwangirika.
Umwanda uhumanya ikirere, harimo ivumbi, imiti, hamwe n’umwotsi w’inganda, birundanya hejuru kandi bigatanga amoko y’ibinyabuzima ashobora kwibasira urwego rwa oxyde ikingira. Gukora ibidukikije hamwe no gusya, gutunganya imiti, cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutwika bitera ibihe bigoye cyane.
Kuba hafi y’ibidukikije cyangwa umunyu byongera cyane ibyago byo guhindura ibara bitewe na chloride. Ndetse no mu gihugu imbere hashobora kwanduzwa umunyu biturutse kumihanda de icing cyangwa ibikorwa byinganda.
Kwangirika kwa mashini biturutse ku gishushanyo, gukuramo, cyangwa ingaruka bigaragaza ibyuma byimbere kandi bigakora ibibanza byingenzi byo gutangiza amabara. Ibi bice byangiritse ntibibura urwego rwa oxyde ikingira kandi birashobora kwibasirwa n’imiti.
Nigute wakwirinda ibyuma bitagira umuyonga kugirango uhindure ibara
Kwirinda byerekana uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kubungabunga ibyuma bitagaragara kandi bikora. Gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bukwiye bwo kubika, gutunganya, no kubungabunga birashobora kwongerera cyane igihe cyumurimo wibyuma bidafite ingese.
Reba Byihuse: Urutonde rwo gukumira
Ububiko
Komeza RH <50% ; koresha dehumidifiers hamwe na monitor ikurikirana.
Komeza ubushyuhe butajegajega kugirango wirinde gukomera; guhumeka neza; irinde imiti / gutwikwa.
Ubike ahantu hasukuye, humye, hagenzurwa nikirere (ntuzigere munsi yubutaka / ahantu hashobora gutemba).
Gupakira
Igihe gito: gupfunyika plastike ukoresheje umukungugu / ubuhehere.
Igihe kirekire: VCI firime / imifuka + kuzinga hanze; koresha zumye, zumye . pallets
Kubarura ibintu bikomeye: kurinda ibice byinshi (VCI + bariyeri yo hanze).
Gukemura & Kubungabunga
Koresha uturindantoki dusukuye hamwe nibikoresho byabugenewe (nta karuboni-ibyuma byambukiranya).
Kugenzura buri gihe gufata gufata kare / ingese; sukura vuba.
Isuku hamwe bitagira umwanda, bitari chloride ; n'ibicuruzwa irinde gukuramo ibinure byoroheje.
Ibikoresho & Kurangiza
Guhuza amanota n'ibidukikije: 316 / 316L kuri marine / imiti; 316Ti kubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Inkomoko yabatanga ibyemezo ; Kugenzura ibigize.
Kugaragaza neza neza / passivated irangiza kugirango irwanye cyane kandi byoroshye kubungabunga.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubika
Gukora ibidukikije bibitse nibyingenzi mukurinda ibara. Bika ibishishwa bidafite ingese ahantu humye, hasukuye, kandi hagenzurwa nikirere igihe cyose bishoboka. Irinde hasi, ahantu hashobora gutemba amazi, cyangwa ahantu hafite ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Koresha imyunyu ngugu kugirango ugumane ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 50% mububiko. Ubushuhe bukabije bwihutisha inzira ya okiside kandi butanga ibisabwa kugirango hatangwe ruswa. Kurikirana ubushyuhe buri gihe kandi uhindure igenzura ryibidukikije nkuko bikenewe.
Komeza ubushyuhe butajegajega kugirango wirinde kwiyegeranya hejuru ya coil. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwihuse irashobora gutuma ubushuhe bwiyongera ku cyuma, bigakora ahantu hashobora kwangirika biganisha ku ibara.
Menya neza ko uhumeka uhagije kugirango wirinde kwirundanya imyuka yangirika cyangwa umwanda ushobora kwibasira urwego rukingira. Irinde kubika hafi yimiti yimiti, ibikoresho byo gutwika, cyangwa uduce twanduye cyane.
Ibisubizo byo gupakira
Gupakira neza bitanga inzitizi ikomeye yo kurwanya ibidukikije no kwanduza ibidukikije. Kubika igihe gito, gupfunyika plastike birashobora gutanga uburinzi buhagije bwo kwirinda ubushuhe no kwirundanya umukungugu.
Ipaki ya VCI (Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor) itanga uburinzi burenze kububiko bwigihe kirekire. Ibi bikoresho kabuhariwe birekura imyuka-fase inhibitor ikora urwego rukingira molekile irinda ibyuma, bikarinda ruswa.
Ibisanduku bikozwe mu giti na pallets bitanga ituze ryumubiri mugihe cyo kubika no gutunganya mugihe utuma umwuka uzenguruka hafi ya coil. Menya neza ko ibikoresho by'ibiti bisukuye kandi byumye kugirango wirinde kwanduza cyangwa kwanduza amazi hejuru yicyuma.
Reba ibice byinshi byo kurinda porogaramu zikomeye cyangwa igihe kinini cyo kubika. Gukomatanya firime ya VCI hamwe no gupfunyika hanze birinda umutekano kurinda imyuka yangirika ndetse no kwangirika kwumubiri.
Gukemura no Kubungabunga
Shyira mubikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira kugirango wirinde kwanduza no kwangiza imashini. Koresha uturindantoki dusukuye cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukoresha kugirango wirinde kohereza amavuta, umwanda, cyangwa ibindi byanduza hejuru yicyuma.
Hugura abakozi ku kamaro ko kwirinda kwanduzanya hagati y’ibyuma bya karubone n’ibikorwa bidafite ingese. Koresha ibikoresho nibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango bitunganyirizwe ibyuma kugirango wirinde kwanduza ibyuma.
Shiraho gahunda isanzwe yo kugenzura kugirango umenye ibimenyetso hakiri kare byo guhinduka ibara cyangwa kwangirika. Kumenya hakiri kare bituma habaho gukosora byihuse mbere yuko ibibazo bikomera cyangwa bihoraho.
Koresha ibyuma bidasanzwe byogusukura hamwe nuburyo bwo kubungabunga bisanzwe. Irinde chloride irimo isuku cyangwa ibikoresho byangiza bishobora kwangiza urwego rwa oxyde ikingira.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho Byukuri
Hitamo amanota yicyuma akwiranye nibisabwa kubidukikije. Icyiciro cya 316 cyangwa 316L gitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ibara rya chloride iterwa no gukoresha inyanja cyangwa imiti itunganya imiti.
Reba icyiciro cya 316Ti kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukoreshwa aho gusiganwa ku magare bishobora kubangamira amanota asanzwe. Guhindura titanium birinda imvura ya karbide ishobora kugabanya ruswa irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Korana nabatanga isoko bazwi batanga ibikoresho byemewe nibikoresho byemewe bya shimi. Irinde ibicuruzwa byiganano cyangwa bitujuje ubuziranenge bidashobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa.
Kugaragaza ubuso bukwiye burangiza kubigenewe porogaramu. Ubuso bunoze cyangwa butambutse butanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ibara no kubungabunga byoroshye ugereranije nuruganda rukomeye.
Nigute ushobora gukosora cyangwa kugarura ibara ryumuringa udafite ibara
Iyo ingamba zo gukumira zananiranye, tekinike nyinshi zo gusana zirashobora gukuraho ibara no kugarura isura yumwimerere yibyuma bidafite ingese.
Isuku rya mashini
Uburyo bwo gukora isuku yuburyo bukuraho umubiri wa oxyde ibara kugirango ugaragaze icyuma cyiza. Kuringaniza hamwe nuburyo bukwiye birashobora gukuraho neza ubushyuhe hamwe na okiside yoroheje.
Koresha ibyuma bidafite umwanda cyangwa amashanyarazi kugirango wirinde kwanduza ibyuma. Kora gahoro gahoro kuva kuri coarser kugeza neza kugirango ugere kumurongo wifuzaga utarinze gukuramo ibintu birenze.
Kubara amabara akomeye, gusya birashobora gukenerwa kugirango ukureho ibice bya oxyde. Witondere kwirinda gukuraho ibintu birenze urugero bishobora kugira ingaruka kubisabwa cyangwa gukora ubuso butaringaniye.
Buri gihe kora mu cyerekezo cyintete zihari kugirango ukomeze kugaragara. Ibinyampeke byambukiranya ingano biragaragara cyane kandi bikuraho isura yagaruwe.
Isuku ryimiti
Isuku yimiti isenya ibara rya oxyde ibara ukoresheje acide yihariye cyangwa isuku. Gutoragura paste zirimo aside nitric na hydrofluoric ikuraho neza ubushyuhe nibicuruzwa bya okiside.
Ubucuruzi bwogukora ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bitanga ubundi buryo bwizewe bwo gutunganya inganda kugirango ibara ryoroshye kandi rito. Ibicuruzwa byakozwe kugirango bikuremo okiside mugihe urinze urwego rwikingira.
Kurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe witonze mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho byoza imiti. Menya neza ko uhumeka neza, koresha ibikoresho bikingira umuntu, kandi uhindure ibisigazwa neza nyuma yo gukora isuku.
Gerageza uburyo bwo gukora isuku ahantu hatagaragara mbere na mbere kugirango ugenzure neza kandi urebe neza niba uhujwe nicyiciro cyihariye kidafite ibyuma bivurwa.
Uburyo bwo Kugarura Urugo
Kubara amabara mato, imiti yo murugo irashobora gutanga ibyubaka neza nta miti yihariye cyangwa ibikoresho. Vinegere yera ikuraho neza okiside yoroheje hamwe nubutare bwamabuye y'agaciro bitera gucogora.
Kora paste ukoresheje soda yo guteka n'amazi kugirango usukure neza byangiza urumuri kandi uhindure amabara. Ubworoherane bworoheje bufasha kwanduza aside irike mugihe itanga imikorere yoroheje.
Koresha amavuta ya elayo nyuma yo koza no kuyogoza kugirango wongere urumuri kandi utange uburinzi bwigihe gito kugirango utanduye. Buff neza kugirango wirinde gukusanya amavuta ashobora gukurura umwanda cyangwa umukungugu.
Irinde gukoresha imiti yo mu rugo cyangwa isuku ishingiye kuri amoniya, ishobora kwangiza urwego rukingira kandi rushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhindura ibara.
Umwuga wo gutunganya no gutunganya inganda
Kubintu byingenzi cyangwa amabara akomeye, serivise zo kugarura umwuga zitanga tekiniki nibikoresho byihariye bigera kubisubizo byiza.
Isuku ya electrolytike ikoresha amashanyarazi yagenzuwe kugirango ihitemo gukuramo ibice bya oxyde mugihe hagabanijwe gukuramo ibyuma fatizo. Ubu buhanga bugira akamaro cyane cyane kuri geometrike igoye cyangwa ibice byoroshye.
Isuku ya Ultrasonic itanga gukuraho neza ibyanduye hamwe na okiside yumucyo hejuru yibintu bigoye cyangwa ibice bito. Igikorwa cya cavitation kigera ahantu isuku yubukanishi idashobora kugera neza.
Kongera kuvura passivation byubaka kandi bizamura urwego rwa oxyde ikingira nyuma yo gukora isuku. Iyi ntambwe ikomeye ituma ruswa irwanya igihe kirekire kandi igafasha kwirinda kwanduza vuba.
Serivise zumwuga zifite ibikoresho nubuhanga bwihariye butaboneka kubakoresha bisanzwe, bigatuma bidahenze kubintu bifite agaciro kanini cyangwa imishinga minini yo gusana.
Ibibazo Byerekeranye no Guhindura Amashanyarazi
304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda byangiza cyangwa bihindura ibara?
Icyiciro cya 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora guteza ibara mubihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane iyo bihuye nubushyuhe, imiti, cyangwa umwanda. Nyamara, muri rusange ikomeza kugaragara neza muri serivisi zisanzwe. Ibigize chromium bitanga imbaraga nziza zo kwanduza, nubwo byoroshye kuruta amanota yo hejuru nka 316.
Kuki ibyuma bidafite ingese bihinduka umukara nyuma yo gusudira?
Gusudira bitera ubushyuhe bukabije bugizwe na oxyde yuzuye hejuru yicyuma. Hatabayeho gukingira gaze neza, ogisijeni ikora nicyuma gishyushye kugirango ikore izo firime zijimye. Isura yumukara ituruka kumurongo wa oxyde hafi 100-200 nanometero yuburebure ikurura urumuri rwinshi rugaragara.
Nigute nshobora kubuza icyuma cyanjye kitagira umwanda gushira mububiko?
Komeza kubika neza byumye hamwe nubushyuhe buri munsi ya 50%, koresha ibipfunyika bikwiye nka firime ya VCI, wirinde ihindagurika ryubushyuhe ritera ubukonje, kandi ugumane aho ubika hasukuye kandi uhumeka neza. Igenzura risanzwe rifasha kumenya ibibazo mbere yuko bikomera.
Guhindura ibara nikimenyetso cyingese cyangwa intege nke zuburyo?
Ibara ryibara risanzwe ryerekana impinduka ya oxyde aho kwangirika kwimiterere. Ariko, ibara rikomeye rishobora kwerekana ububi bwimbitse bushobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere. Isuzuma ryumwuga rirasabwa kubisabwa bikomeye cyangwa ibice byinshi bifite ibara.
Nibihe byuma bidafite ingese nibyiza kwirinda amabara?
Icyiciro cya 316 na 316L bitanga imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibara ryinshi kubera ibirimo molybdenum, bigahindura urwego rukingira oxyde. Icyiciro cya 316Ti gitanga imikorere myiza kubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Urwego rwohejuru rwa chromium rwerekana amanota muri rusange yerekana guhangana neza nimpinduka zamabara.
Kurinda Igishoro cyawe Mubyuma Byiza
Sobanukirwa n'impamvu ibyuma bidafite ingese bihindura ibara bigushoboza gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kubijyanye no guhitamo ibikoresho, gutunganya, no kubungabunga. Ibintu byingenzi - guhura nubushyuhe, guhuza imiti, kwanduza hejuru, hamwe nubwiza bwibintu - byose bisubiza ingamba zo gukumira zirinda isura n'imikorere.
Kwirinda binyuze mu guhitamo ibikoresho neza, uburyo bwo kubika, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa byerekana uburyo buhendutse cyane bwo gukomeza kugaragara neza. Iyo amabara abaye, ibikorwa byihuse ukoresheje tekinoroji yo kugarura ibintu birashobora gusubiza hejuru kumiterere yabyo.
Kugenzura buri gihe no gukora isuku yumwuga byemeza imikorere yigihe kirekire no kugumana isura. Ishoramari mukwitaho neza ryishura inyungu binyuze mubuzima bwagutse bwa serivisi, gukomeza ubwiza, nibikorwa byizewe mubisabwa.
Wibuke ko guhitamo icyiciro cyicyuma cyiza kubidukikije byihariye ni ngombwa. Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nabatanga isoko bazwi batanga ibikoresho byemewe hamwe nubufasha bwa tekiniki kugirango ibyuma byawe bitagira umwanda bitanga igihe kirekire, birwanya ruswa, kandi bigaragara neza bigatuma ibyuma bitagira umwanda ibikoresho byo guhitamo mu nganda zitabarika.
