Ishiti lokuphahla lisebenza njengelona candelo libalulekileyo laso nasiphi na isakhiwo, libonelela ngokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kwizinto ezisingqongileyo ezifana nemvula, umoya, ikhephu, kunye nemitha ye-UV. Ngaphandle nje kwekhusi, uphahla lunegalelo ekusebenzeni kombane kwesakhiwo, ukuthembakala kolwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba ukhethe uphahla olufanelekileyo, njengoko luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kwesakhiwo, iimfuno zokulondolozwa kunye nexabiso lilonke.
Izakhiwo zoshishino kunye neendawo zokuhlala, nangona kunjalo, zibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukileyo kakhulu xa kuziwa kwizinto zokuphahla. Izibonelelo zemizi-mveliso zihlala zibandakanya iindawo zophahla olubanzi, imithwalo enzima yesakhiwo, kunye nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali okanye koomatshini, ngelixa izakhiwo zokuhlala zibeka phambili ubuhle, ukugijima kwamanzi, kunye nomthamo ophakathi wokuthwala imithwalo. Ngenxa yezi mfuno zahlukeneyo, indlela yokulinganisa ubungakanani obunye kumashiti okufulela ayifane isebenze. Ukukhetha imathiriyeli engafanelekanga kunokubangela ukuguga ngaphambi kwexesha, ukuvuza, okanye ukulungiswa kweendleko.
Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kwaMashiti okufulela amashishini kunye neendawo zokuhlala
1.Uyilo kunye noLwakhiwo
Uyilo lwesakhiwo sephepha lokuphahla luchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwalo. Kwizakhiwo zemizi-mveliso, uphahla luhlala lusicaba okanye lube nethambeka elisezantsi ukuze kuhlaliswe indawo enkulu, izixhobo eziphezu kophahla, okanye oomatshini. Uphahla oluthe tyaba noluphantsi kulula ukulwakha kwizakhiwo zemizi-mveliso kodwa kufuneka zenziwe iinjineli zokujongana nokuhamba kwamanzi, ukufumba kwekhephu, kunye noxinzelelo lwemithwalo enzima.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amashiti okuhlala ahlala afakelwa kuphahla oluyiminqantsa. Uyilo oluthambekileyo luphucula ukuqukuqela kwamanzi, lunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza kunye namanzi amileyo, ngelixa likwaphucula isibheno somda wesakhiwo. Iindawo eziphakamileyo zivumela indawo ye-attic, iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo, okwenza uphahla lusebenze kwaye lube nomtsalane.
Ukhetho lweprofayili yephepha lokuphahla-nokuba ngamathanki, iprofayili yebhokisi, okanye i-seam emileyo-kwahluke phakathi kwezicelo zemizi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Uphahla lwemizi-mveliso lunokuthanda iiprofayili ezibonelela ngamandla amakhulu kunye nobude obude kunye nezixhaso ezimbalwa, ngelixa uphahla lwezindlu luhlala lulungelelanisa amandla kunye neemfuno zobuhle.
2. Ukubunjwa kwezinto
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo yinto ecacileyo yokusebenza kwephepha lokuphahla. Uphahla lwemizi-mveliso lufuna izinto ezinokumelana nemithwalo enzima, ukumelana nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokunyamezela iimeko zemozulu ezinzima kwixesha elide. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zamaphepha ophahla lwemizi-mveliso ziquka:
Intsimbi yeGalvanized: Inika amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, kunye nokufikeleleka. Ilungele iindawo zokugcina, iifektri, kunye nezixhobo zorhwebo apho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Aluminiyam yaMashiti okufulela: Ikhaphukhaphu kodwa iyamelana nomhlwa, ilungele indawo engaselunxwemeni okanye enokufuma okuphezulu. I-aluminium idla ngokukhethwa apho ukunciphisa ubunzima bophahla kuyimfuneko.
I-Single-Ply Membranes (TPO, EPDM): Iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye ayinamanzi, la maphepha enzelwe uphahla oluphantsi okanye oluphantsi. Banikezela ngokugqwesileyo ukumelana neekhemikhali kwaye kulula ukuyilungisa okanye ukubuyisela kumacandelo.
Amaphepha okuphahla okuhlala, kwelinye icala, abeka phambili isibheno esibonakalayo kunye nokhuseleko. Izinto zokuhlala eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Iipaneli zeMetal: Ihlala ixesha elide, imelana nomhlwa, kwaye ifumaneka kuluhlu lwemibala kunye nokugqitywa. Iiphaneli zetsimbi zanamhlanje zinokulinganisa iishingles okanye iithayile zemveli ngelixa zibonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu.
I-Asphalt Shingles: Ezoqoqosho kwaye iyaguquguquka, ifumaneka ngemibala emininzi kunye nezitayile zokuxhasa uyilo lwendawo yokuhlala. Iishingles zinika ukuqina okuphakathi kwaye kulula ukubuyisela.
Udongwe okanye iiThayile zeConcrete: Iinketho eziphambili ezibonelela ngexabiso eliphezulu lobuhle, ukumelana nomlilo, kunye nobomi obude. Zinzima kwaye zifuna inkxaso yophahla oluvakalayo kodwa zinika imbonakalo engapheliyo kumakhaya okuhlala.
3.Ubungakanani kunye neNkcazo
Ubungakanani bamaphepha ophahla ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufanelekeni kwabo kwiprojekthi ethile. Izakhiwo zemizi-mveliso zihlala zineendawo ezinkulu zophahla ezifuna ukugqunywa okukhulu. Iipaneli ezibanzi zinciphisa i-seams, zinciphisa ixesha lokufakela, kwaye ziphucule ukukhuseleka kwamanzi. Indawo enkulu yomphezulu ikwavumela ukudityaniswa lula kwezibane zesibhakabhaka, iiphaneli zelanga, kunye neenkqubo zeHVAC.
Uphahla lwezindlu zokuhlala lugubungela iindawo ezincinci zephahla, apho iipaneli zemodyuli okanye amashidi akhethwayo. Ukhuselo lwemodyuli lwenza lula ufakelo, luvumela ukufaneleka okuchanekileyo malunga neetshimini, iindawo zokulala, kunye nokungena kophahla, kwaye iqinisekisa ukubhenela kobuhle obungaguqukiyo. Amashiti okuphahla okuhlala anokufuna uhlengahlengiso oluthe kratya lolungelelwaniso kodwa abonelele ngokuguquguquka kwisitayile kunye nombala.
4.UFakelo kunye noLondolozo
Ufakelo lwamaphepha ophahla lwemizi-mveliso lufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, abasebenzi abanezakhono, kunye nokubambelela kwimigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko. Amashiti anzima, izipani ezikhulu, nezixhobo eziphezu kophahla zifuna iicranes, isikafula kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela. Ugcino lubalulekile ngokulinganayo, ngokuhlolwa rhoqo iindawo ezivuzayo, umhlwa, kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo.
Amaphepha okuphahla ahlala kulula ukuwafaka, ahlala efuna izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abancinci. Ukugcinwa kwamaxesha athile, kuquka ukucocwa kwegutter, ukulungiswa kancinane, nokuhlolwa kwamaxesha onyaka, kunceda ukuthintela imiba emincinci ukuba inyuke ibe ziingxaki ezibiza imali eninzi. Ngelixa uphahla lwamashishini lujolise ekusebenzeni phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, uphahla lwezindlu zokuhlala lulungelelanisa ukusebenza kunye nokulula komninimzi.
Izinto Emaziqwalaselwe Xa Ukhetha Amaxwebhu Ophahla
1.IiMeko zeMozulu nokusiNgqongileyo
Imozulu kunye nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nobomi bephepha lokuphahla. Imimandla enzima yekhephu idinga amaphepha anokukwazi ukuthwala imithwalo ebalulekileyo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Iindawo ezinomoya ovuthuza ngamandla zifuna iinkqubo zokuqina eziqinileyo kunye nezixhobo ezichasene nempembelelo. Ukuvezwa kwe-UV kunokwehlisa i-coatings, kwenze iileya ezikhuselayo ezifana ne-PVDF, i-FEVE, okanye i-polyester ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ixesha elide. Iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni zifuna izinto ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion ezifana ne-Galvalume okanye i-aluminium, ehlala idityaniswa nezibophelelo ezikhuselayo.
2.Ulwakhiwo loMsebenzi kunye nokuSetyenziswa
Ukusetyenziswa okucetywayo kwesakhiwo kumisela iimfuno zephepha lokuphahla. Izakhiwo zemizi-mveliso zinokufuna amashiti okufulela amelana nomthwalo owenziwe ngoomatshini, ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokugcwala kophahla. Uphahla lwezindlu lukhusela ikakhulu abahlali, ifenitshala, kunye nezinto zangaphakathi kwimozulu ngelixa uphucula isibheno sokuthintela. Iimfuno ze-insulation, ukusebenza kwe-acoustic, kunye nokuchasana nomlilo kukwaqwalasela okwahlukileyo phakathi kwezicelo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino.
3.Iingqwalasela zoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali
Ukukhetha iphepha elifanelekileyo lokuphahla kubandakanya ukulinganisa iindleko zangaphambili kunye nexabiso lexesha elide. Amaphepha emizi-mveliso anokufuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu ngenxa yokuqina, ubukhulu, kunye nokwaleka, kodwa anciphise iindleko zokulondolozwa kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo. Uphahla lwezindlu lunokusebenzisa iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu ezifana ne-asphalt shingles ngaphandle kokubeka engozini ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko. Ukuqonda iindleko zomjikelo wobomi kunye nokonga amandla okunokubakho kubalulekile kuzo zombini iindidi zokwakha.
4.IiMfuno zobuhle
Ngelixa uphahla lwamashishini lujolise ekusebenzeni kunye nokusebenza, uphahla lwezindlu luhlala lubandakanya i-aesthetics ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo. Umbala, ukuthungwa, kunye nesimbo sephaneli zinokuncedisana noyilo loyilo kunye nokwandisa ixabiso lepropathi. Iipaneli zetsimbi, iithayile zodongwe, kunye ne-asphalt shingles zibonelela ngeendlela eziguquguqukayo ezibonakalayo kubanikazi bezindlu, ngelixa amashidi ophahla lwemizi-mveliso anokusebenzisa ukugqiba okusemgangathweni ukubeka phambili ukuqina.
IiNgcobo zeMathiriyeli kuShishino vs. Iishiti zoKufulela kwiNdawo yokuHlala
1.Iizicelo zoShishino
Kwizakhiwo zamashishini, amashiti okuphahla kufuneka abeke phambili amandla, ukumelana nemozulu, kunye nokunyamezelana kweekhemikhali:
Iishiti zentsimbi eGalvanized: Zinexabiso elisebenzayo, zimelana nomhlwa, kwaye zilungele iindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye nezityalo zokwenza.
I-Aluminiyam Sheets: Ikhaphukhaphu, iyamelana nomhlwa, kwaye ilungele iindawo ezivezwe kwityuwa okanye ukufuma.
IiMembranes eziSingle-Ply (TPO, EPDM): Zithambileyo, zingenamanzi, kwaye zigqibelele kuphahla olusicaba kunye nethambeka elincinci.
Iimpawu ezikhethwayo zinokuquka iileyiti ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomlilo, izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye namaleko okunciphisa ingxolo, ngakumbi kwimizi-mveliso okanye kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso ezithanda ukungcangcazela ngoomatshini kunye nokuba sesichengeni kweekhemikhali.
2.Iizicelo zokuHlala
Amashiti okuphahla okuhlala abonelela ngolungelelwaniso phakathi kokuqina kunye nobuhle:
Iipaneli zeMetal: Ukubonelela ngobomi obude benkonzo kunye nenkangeleko yanamhlanje ngelixa uxhathisa ukubola.
I-Asphalt Shingles: Ezoqoqosho, kulula ukuyibuyisela, kwaye ibonwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ilungele iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala.
Iithayile zodongwe / zekhonkrithi: Nikeza ukuqina, inkangeleko yeprimiyamu, kunye nokumelana nomlilo, ilungele amakhaya aphezulu.
Olunye ukhetho olongezelelweyo lubandakanya i-coatings eyonga amandla, indawo ekhanyayo yokunciphisa ukufudumala kobushushu, kunye nezixhobo eco-friendly ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Ugcino kunye Nobomi obude
Iindlela zogcino zinefuthe kakhulu kubomi bamaphepha okufulela.
Kuphahla lwemizi-mveliso, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuyadingeka ukuze kubonwe ukuvuza, ukubola, okanye umonakalo womatshini. Iingubo ezikhuselayo zinokufuna ukuphinda zifakwe, kwaye umphezulu wophahla kufuneka ugcinwe ucocekile kwinkunkuma. Ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa uphahla lwemizi-mveliso luyaqhubeka nokukhusela oomatshini, uluhlu lwempahla, kunye nabasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Uphahla lwezindlu luxhamla ekucoceni okuqhelekileyo, ukulungiswa okuncinci, kunye nokuhlolwa kwamaxesha onyaka. Ukugcina i-gutters kunye ne-downspouts icacile kuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi, ngelixa ukulungisa umonakalo omncinci ngokukhawuleza kuphepha imiba ebanzi. Nokuba kukwimizi-mveliso okanye indawo yokuhlala, ulondolozo alongezeli nje ubomi bophahla kodwa lukwanyusa ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nembuyekezo kutyalo-mali.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemizi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokuhlala amacwecwe okuphahla ayimfuneko ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi yokwakha. Uphahla lwemizi-mveliso lufuna izinto ezinokumelana nemithwalo enzima, ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu, ngelixa uphahla lwezindlu lugxininise kwi-aesthetics, ukuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo ophakathi.
Xa ukhetha iphepha lokuphahla, qwalasela imozulu, umsebenzi wokwakha, iimfuno zokulondolozwa, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo ezibonakalayo. Izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezidityaniswe nofakelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwesiqhelo kuya kwandisa ukuqina, ukusebenza, kunye nexabiso lexesha elide.
Ukufumana iingcebiso zobuchwephesha kunye nezisombululo zamaphepha ophahla lweprimiyamu, ukubonisana nababoneleli abathembekileyo okanye iingcali zoshishino kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Shandong Sino Steel Co., Ltd. zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamaphepha ophahla oluphezulu, iingcebiso ezilungiselelwe, kunye nesikhokelo sofakelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini izakhiwo zoshishino kunye neendawo zokuhlala zikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo.
