Ngaba intsimbi enetyhefu inetyhefu? Lo ngumbuzo oqhelekileyo phakathi kwabathengi, abaqulunqi, kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Impendulo emfutshane nguhayi. Insimbi yegalvanized ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayinayo ityhefu kumgangatho wayo, umgangatho wobushushu begumbi. Unxibelelana nayo yonke imihla ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi zempilo.
Nangona kunjalo, imingcipheko yetyhefu ivela phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Iingxaki zivela xa izinto eziphathekayo ziphantsi kokushisa okukhulu, njenge-welding okanye i-plasma cutting. Iindawo ezineasidi ephezulu, njengezikhongozeli zokugcina ukutya kwizithako ezithile, nazo zinika imingeni yokhuseleko. Ukuqonda le miqobo kubalulekile ekuphatheni nasekuqhubeni imathiriyeli ekhuselekileyo.
Esi sikhokelo sibonelela abathengi, iinjineli, kunye nabaqulunqi ngesakhelo senjongo. Uya kufunda indlela yokuvavanya imida yokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko yendawo yokusebenza. Siza kuphinda sihlole indlela yokufumana ngokuzithemba imathiriyeli ethobelayo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile zesicelo.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Isiseko soKhuseleko: Ukuphathwa okusemgangathweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwakhiwo alukho umngcipheko wetyhefu; i-zinc coating izinzile kumaqondo obushushu ambi.
Imingcipheko yeThermal: Ukufudumeza intsimbi enamazinge ngaphezu kwe-1,650°F (900°C) yenze umphunga i-zinc, yenze umsi obangela 'Metal Fume Fever' ukuba irholiwe.
Imingcipheko yeMichiza: I-zinc isabela nge-asidi; ayihambelani ngqo nokutya okuneasidi okanye iziselo.
IQhinga lokuThenga: Ukuchaza ubunzima obuchanekileyo bokugquma kwikhoyili yakho yentsimbi okanye ishidi lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhathisa ukudleka kunye nokhuseleko olwenziweyo.
1. Ukuqonda iNyaniso yeMichiza yeGalvanized Steel
Ukuqonda iprofayili yokhuseleko lwale mpahla, kufuneka sijonge ukubunjwa kwayo kweekhemikhali. Abavelisi bayadala Intsimbi yeGalvanized ngokufaka i-zinc yokukhusela i-coating kwintsimbi engenanto. Oku kuthintela i-oxidation yangaphambi kwexesha kunye nomhlwa.
Isithintelo seZinc
Le nkqubo idala i-metallurgical bond eyinyani. I-zinc ayihlali nje phezu komhlaba njengepeyinti. I-chemically isabela kunye nentsimbi engaphantsi. Oku kudala ixesha elide kakhulu, i-anode yedini. Ukuba umphezulu uyakrweleka, i-zinc ejikelezileyo iya kuba nomhlwa phambi kwentsimbi eveziweyo. Le propati yenza izinto eziphathekayo zithembeke ngokumangalisayo.
Izinzile vs. Amazwe angazinzanga
Umxholo umisela ukhuseleko lwezinyithi ezifakwe kwi-zinc. Sinokwahlula ezi meko zibe ziimeko ezizinzileyo nezingazinzanga.
Imeko yokusingqongileyo |
Imizekelo yosetyenziso |
Iprofayile yomngcipheko |
Izinzile (I-Ambient) |
Imibhobho ye-HVAC, ii-handrails, isakhelo sesakhiwo, ucingo lwezolimo. |
Zero off-gassing. Ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kunxibelelwano lwabantu kunye nokuphathwa kwansuku zonke. |
Engazinzanga (iThermal/Chemical) |
Ukuwelda, ukusika iplasma, ukugcinwa kolwelo oluneasidi kakhulu. |
Umngcipheko ophezulu wokukhupha i-zinc okanye i-chemical leaching. Ifuna ukuthotywa okungqongqo. |
Debunking Iintsomi Common
Abantu abaninzi babhidanisa i-zinc kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezinetyhefu njengelothe okanye imekyuri. Oku kukungaqondi okusisiseko. I-Zinc yiminerali yokulandelela ebalulekileyo. Ibhayoloji yomntu ifuna ukuba kusebenze amajoni omzimba kunye nokukhula kweeseli. Usela amanani amancinci e-zinc yonke imihla ngokutya kwakho.
Ukuchukumisa i-zinc coating eqinile ayinabungozi. Izinto eziphathekayo azikhuphi imitha eyityhefu. Ayizikhuphi iigesi ezingabonakaliyo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Ingozi yenzeke kuphela xa uguqula isimo sayo somzimba ngobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye iiasidi ezinzima.
2. Iingozi zokuFakwa: I-Metal Fume Fever kunye ne-Welding Risks
Imigangatho eyenziweyo inika eyona mingeni ibalulekileyo yokhuseleko kwiintsimbi ezigqunywe zizinc. Ukufaka ukushisa okukhulu kutshintsha i-molecular structure yokugqoka, ukudala iingozi zokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza.
Usongelo olungundoqo
Ingozi iqala xa amaqondo obushushu bokulungisa i-thermal edlula indawo yokufunxa kwe-zinc. I-Zinc inyibilika malunga ne-787 ° F (419 ° C). Nangona kunjalo, ijika ibe ngumphunga kwi-1,650°F (900°C). Ii-arcs ze-welding eziqhelekileyo zodlula ngokulula i-10,000°F. Xa itotshi ye-welding ibetha isinyithi, i-zinc layer iguquka ngokukhawuleza ibe yigesi.
Le gesi ixutywa neoksijini esemoyeni ukuze yenze amasuntswana e-zinc oxide. La masuntswana amancinci adala umsi obonakala kakhulu, otyheli-mhlophe. Ukuphefumlela lo msi kungenisa ngqo i-zinc oxide emiphungeni.
Iimpawu & Impembelelo
Ukusezela umsi we-zinc oxide oxineneyo kubangela imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yiMetal Fume Fever. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ubunyani bekliniki yale meko ngaphandle kokubhenela kwi-alarmism ebaxiweyo.
Ukuqala: Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kwi-4 ukuya kwiiyure ze-10 emva kokuvezwa.
Iimpawu: Abasebenzi bafumana iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane. Ezi ziquka ukugodola, umkhuhlane, ukuqaqamba kwezihlunu, ubuhlungu besifuba, kunye nencasa yentsimbi emlonyeni.
Ubude bexesha: Le meko idla ngokuba yeyokwexeshana. Iimpawu ziyancipha ngaphakathi kwe-24 kwiiyure ze-48 njengoko umzimba usebenza kwaye ususa i-zinc engaphezulu.
Impembelelo yexesha elide: Ngelixa ungakhululekanga kakhulu, ukuba sesichengeni ngamanye amaxesha akwenzi umonakalo osisigxina wemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo, okungapheliyo kuyichaphazela kakhulu impilo yabasebenzi kunye nemveliso.
Ukuthomalalisa nokuThobela
Iivenkile zokwenziwa zale mihla zizisusa ngokupheleleyo ezi ngozi ngokusebenzisa iindlela zococeko ezisemgangathweni. Ukhuseleko lulawuleka kakhulu ukuba ulandela iiprothokholi ezisekiweyo.
Ukususwa koomatshini: Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenziwa kukusila ngaphandle umaleko we-zinc phambi kwewelding. Abaqulunqi basebenzisa i-disc ye-flap ukucima i-intshi eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2 yengubo ejikeleze indawo ye-weld. Oku kuveza intsimbi engenanto, ukuphelisa umthombo womsi ngokupheleleyo.
IiNkqubo zokuThatha uMthombo: Imimiselo ye-OSHA igunyazisa ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kwimveliso yangaphakathi. Amaziko kufuneka asebenzise izixhobo zokutsala umsi zasekuhlaleni. Ezi nkqubo zitsala umsi ukusuka kwindawo yokuphefumla yabasebenzi ngoko nangoko kumthombo.
Ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho: Abaphathi beevenkile kufuneka babeke iliso lomgangatho womoya ukuze uhlale ungaphantsi koMda oVunyiweyo we-OSHA we-OSHA (Permissible Exposure Limit) (PEL) kwi-zinc oxide fumes, eyi-5 mg/m³ ephakathi kwishifti yeeyure ezisibhozo.
3. Iinqobo zokuThobela uKutya, Amanzi, kunye nezicelo zezoLimo
Ngaphaya komgangatho wokwenziwa, imibuzo yokhuseleko ihlala iphakama ngokubhekisele kubathengi kunye nezicelo zezolimo. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kuyalela apho ungasebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo iimveliso ezigqunywe zinc.
Izikhokelo ze-FDA kunye noQhagamshelwano lokutya
I-FDA inikezela ngesikhokelo esicacileyo malunga ne-zinc kunye nokutya koqhagamshelwano. I-Zinc iphendula ngokukrakra kunye ne-asidi. Ungaze usebenzise izitya ezigqunywe ngezinc ukugcina, ukulungisa, okanye ukupheka ukutya okuneasidi. Iitumato, iziqhamo zesitrasi, iijusi zeziqhamo, kunye neviniga zonke zinamanqanaba aphantsi e-pH.
Xa i-asidi ichukumisa i-coating, iyayinyibilikisa i-zinc ekutyeni. Ukusebenzisa le zinc evuzayo kubangela unxunguphalo lwesisu, kubandakanya isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza. Ngokuchaseneyo, ezi zikhongozeli zihlala zikhuselekile ngokugqibeleleyo kwimpahla eyomileyo. Ukugcina ukutya okuziinkozo, umbona owomileyo, okanye ukutya okupakishiweyo akunabungozi bokudluliselwa kweekhemikhali.
KwezoLimo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweZityalo
Iibhedi eziphakamileyo zegadi zithandwa kakhulu. Uninzi lwabagadi basekhaya banexhala malunga neetyhefu ezivuza kumhlaba wabo wemifuno. Kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo, le nkxalabo ayifanelekanga.
I-Zinc sisityebi esincinci esivele ngokwemvelo emhlabeni. Izityalo zifuna ngokwenene ukuba zichume. Ngaphaya koko, umhlaba wegadi oqhelekileyo ugcina i-pH engathathi hlangothi phakathi kwe-6.0 kunye ne-7.0. Le ndawo ingathathi hlangothi ayifane ibangele ukuthotywa kwe-zinc. Izinga lokuqhekeka licotha kangangokuba alinakubangela ubutyhefu emhlabeni okanye izityalo ezikhula ngaphakathi kwebhedi.
Ukukwazi ukugcina amanzi
Uya kuhlala ubona iitanki zentsimbi esetyenzisiweyo esetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwemfuyo. Ezi zikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwizilwanyana. Izixa zomkhondo we-zinc ezinokunyibilika zibe kumanzi angathathi hlangothi azizonzakalisa iinkomo okanye amahashe.
Nangona kunjalo, imigangatho yemibhobho kamasipala yanamhlanje iyakwalela ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kumanzi okusela abantu aselwayo. Esi sithintelo ubukhulu becala sisukela kwizenzo zokwenziwa kwembali. Iibhafu ezindala zokugalela amanzi maxa wambi zaziba nezixa zelothe. Ngelixa imveliso yanamhlanje icoceke kakhulu, iikhowudi zemibhobho zavela ukuze zisebenzise iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ezifana nobhedu okanye iPEX ukuze zisetyenziswe ngabantu.
4. INkqubo-sikhokelo yoNcedo: Ukuvavanya iKhoyili yeNsimbi eGalvanized kunye noKhetho lwamaPhepha
Isicwangciso sakho sokhuseleko siqala kudala phambi kokuba imathiriyeli ifike kumgangatho wevenkile. Ukhetho lokuthengwa kweempahla neenkonzo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iingozi zokwenziwa kwemveliso. Kuya kufuneka ulungelelanise ukhetho lwakho lwemathiriyeli kunye neziphumo zakho zokuvelisa.
Ukulungelelanisa imathiriyeli kunye neziPhumo zokuVelisa
Iinjineli kufuneka zilungelelanise uthintelo lomhlwa kunye nolwakhiwo olukhuselekileyo, olusebenzayo. Ukuchaza i-coating engqindilili kakhulu kwandisa ukumelana nemozulu kodwa kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuwelda. Ukuchaza isambatho esincinci kakhulu kwenza i-welding ikhuseleke kodwa ibeka esichengeni ubomi obude. Injongo kukufumana iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zeprojekthi yakho.
Ukuchaza iPhepha leNsimbi eliGalvanized
Xa uodola a ishidi letsimbi ekhandiweyo , kufuneka ufanise ngokucophelela ukutyunjwa kwengubo kwiprojekthi. Iingubo zihlelwa ngokobunzima, njenge-G60 okanye i-G90.
Iphepha le-G60 libonisa i-0.60 ounces ye-zinc ngonyawo lwesikwere. A G90 sheet features 0.90 ounces. Iingubo ezinqabileyo (ezifana ne-G40 okanye i-G60) zinciphisa kakhulu umthamo we-zinc vaporized ngexesha leenkqubo ze-welding ezingenakuphepheka. Ukuba imveliso yakho ihlala ngaphakathi kwaye ifuna ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinzima, cacisa ubunzima bokugquma. Olu khetho olusebenzayo lunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukwenziwa komsi kwindawo yokusebenza.
Ukwenziwa koBuninzi ngeKhoyili yeNtsimbi eGalisiweyo
Ukwenziwa komthamo ophezulu, abathengi bavavanya izixhobo ezenziwe ngaphambili xa zithelekiswa nediphu yasemva kokwenziwa. Ukufumana a Ikhoyili yentsimbi ekhandiweyo isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni ukubanda, ukunyathela, okanye ukwenza umqulu. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa uxinzelelo, hayi ubushushu. Ke ngoko, bathwala imingcipheko yetyhefu eyizero.
Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa ifuna i-welding ebanzi, entsonkothileyo, qwalasela enye indlela. Yenza isakhiwo sonke usebenzisa intsimbi engenanto, engafakwanga. Emva kokuba i-welding igqityiwe, thumela indibano egqityiweyo kwindawo yokufaka i-galvanizing eshushu. Oku kuhamba komsebenzi kuphelisa umsi we-welding onobungozi ngokupheleleyo ngelixa uhambisa ukhuseleko lomhlwa.
Ukutyunjwa kokwaleka |
Ubunzima beZinc (oz/sq ft) |
Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa |
Isizukulwana soMsi (Welding) |
G40 |
0.40 |
Phantsi (Usetyenziso lwangaphakathi) |
Ubuncinci |
G60 |
0.60 |
Phakathi |
Phakathi |
G90 |
0.90 |
Phezulu (Usetyenziso lwaNgaphandle) |
Kubalulekile (Ifuna Ukutsalwa) |
I-Hot-Dip (Post-Weld) |
Iyaguquguquka ( Rhoqo > G90 ) |
Ubuninzi |
Akukho (Welded phambi kokutyabeka) |
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho
Amaqela okuthenga kufuneka afune iiNgxelo zoVavanyo lweMill ezingqinisisekayo (MTRs) kubaboneleli babo. I-MTR ibonelela ngokuqhekeka kweekhemikhali eziqinisekisiweyo zesinyithi. Ukucela la maxwebhu kuqinisekisa ukuba awuthengi ungaqondanga imathiriyeli exabiso liphantsi enobumdaka obuyingozi belothe kwibhafu yezinki. Abathengisi abakumgangatho ophezulu babelana ngokuphandle ngolu xwebhu ukubonisa ukuba izinto zabo ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo lwe-ASTM kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho.
5. ULuhlu loPhumezo: UkuLungela kunye noLawulo loMngcipheko
Ukutshintsha izinto ezigqunywe zinc kumgca wakho wokuvelisa kufuna ukulungiswa. Sebenzisa olu luhlu lokuphumeza ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthotyelwa.
ULungelo lweZiko
Hlola indawo yakho phambi kokuba ungenise ezi ntsimbi kumgangatho wevenkile. Gxininisa kwindawo yokuphefumla yabasebenzi bakho.
Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya: Qinisekisa ukuba iitheyibhile ze-downdraft kunye nee-extractor zomsi ezihambayo zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Jonga izihluzi rhoqo.
Izixhobo zoKhuseleko zoBuqu (PPE): Iimaski zephepha eziqhelekileyo aziwuyeki umsi wentsimbi. Nikeza iiwelder zakho ngeP100 half-mask respirators. Ezi zihluzo zithintela ngokukodwa iinxalenye eziqinileyo nezilulwelo, kuquka i-zinc oxide.
IiProtokholi zoQeqesho lwaBasebenzi: Fundisa abasebenzi bakho bomgangatho ngeempawu zeMetal Fume Fever. Baqeqeshe kwimfuno enyanzelekileyo yokusila i-coating ngaphambi kokubetha i-arc.
Inkqubo yokuPhucula
Phonononga iinkqubo zakho zoomatshini ukudlula imingcipheko yetyhefu ngokupheleleyo. Shifta kude kwimisebenzi ye-thermal apho kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, endaweni yokusika iplasma okanye ukusika ngelaser ngokucheba ngoomatshini. Sebenzisa iziqhoboshi zokucofa ezibandayo endaweni yokugoba ubushushu. Ngokuphelisa i-thermal trigger, ususa ingozi yokhuseleko.
Uluhlu olufutshane lwabathengisi
Ikhonkco lakho lokubonelela licandelo elibalulekileyo lolawulo lomngcipheko. Vavanya abathengisi ngokusekelwe kukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye neendlela zomgangatho. Beka phambili ababoneleli ababonelela ngokulandeleka okuselubala. Khangela ukufana kokwaleka okungaguqukiyo kulo lonke uluhlu lwabo lweempahla. Iingubo ezingalinganiyo zibangela ukuveliswa komsi ongalindelekanga ngexesha lokwenziwa. Okokugqibela, sebenzisana nababoneleli ababonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa kunye nesikhokelo kukhuseleko lokwenziwa.
Ukuqukumbela
Ingqikelelo 'yetyhefu' ejikelezileyo yesinyithi egqunywe ngezinki inemiqathango ephezulu. Kusetyenziso olusemgangathweni, imathiriyeli ihlala ikhuselekile ngokumangalisayo, yomelele, kwaye inert. Imingcipheko ivela kuphela ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye iindawo ezineasidi eninzi. Ngokulandela iiprothokholi ezifanelekileyo, unokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ezi ngozi.
Ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zakho zoyilo kunye nebakala elifanelekileyo lemathiriyeli likhusela abasebenzisi bakho bokugqibela kunye namaqela akho okwenziwa. Uphelisa iingozi ezingeyomfuneko ngokuchaza iintsimbi zokugquma ezichanekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha umsi kumgangatho wevenkile.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yakho elandelayo iqhubeka ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo, dibana neengcali zezinto eziphathekayo. Banokukunceda ukhethe ibakala elichanekileyo kunye nobunzima bokugquma obulungiselelwe amandla akho okuvelisa kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ngaba kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa isinyithi esifakwe kwiziko lomlilo?
A: Hayi, amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo omlilo wenkampu adlula ngokulula indawo yokwenziwa ngumphunga zinc. Umthi ovuthayo uvelisa ubushushu obaneleyo ukuba bunyibilike kwaye bube ngumphunga kwingubo ekhuselayo, ikhuphe umsi onobungozi we-zinc oxide emoyeni ojikeleze indawo yakho yokuhlala.
Umbuzo: Ngaba ndingagula ngenxa yokubamba intsimbi?
A: Hayi, i-zinc eqinileyo yokwaleka ayisebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo ukuphatha ungaphathanga zandla. Ukudibana kwemihla ngemihla nophahla, iintsimbi zezandla, okanye imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi akubizi mngcipheko kwimpilo okanye kwityhefu ebantwini okanye kwizilwanyana.
Umbuzo: Ngaba intsimbi enezinki igalela ityhefu emhlabeni?
IMPENDULO: Hayi, i-zinc sisondlo somhlaba esivele ngokwendalo. Izinga lokuthotywa kwemihlaba yegadi esemgangathweni, i-pH-neutral icotha ngendlela emangalisayo. Ayiyi kubangela ubutyhefu emhlabeni wakho okanye izityalo zemifuno ezikhula kufutshane.
Umbuzo: Ngaba unokuwelda ngokukhuselekileyo intsimbi efakwe igalvanized?
A: Ewe, ukuba ulandela imigaqo yokhuseleko. I-zinc kufuneka icolwe kwindawo ye-weld ukubonisa intsimbi engenanto. Abafaki-mpahla kufuneka kwakhona basebenzise iisistim ezifanelekileyo zendawo zokutsalwa komsi kwaye banxibe iziphefumli zeP100.
