Ukwenza iintsimbi ezigqunywe ngezinki kunika umngeni oxhaphake kakhulu kwishishini lemveliso. Ukuwelda Intsimbi yeGalvanized inokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Ukwenza oko ngaphandle kweeprothokholi ezifanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kubeka esichengeni ngokuqatha zombini imfezeko yesakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko lomsebenzisi. Iiwelders zijongana nolu nxibelelwano lwezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo yonke imihla. Ukunyanga i-zinc-coated workpiece kanye njengentsimbi yekhabhoni engenanto kuya kuba nesiphumo sokusilela kohlolo lwesakhiwo. Ikwabangela ukubola okukhawulezayo, okungathintelekiyo kwiNdawo echatshazelwe bubushushu (HAZ). Ngaphaya koko, ukutshisa i-zinc kudala iimeko eziyingozi kakhulu kumgangatho wevenkile. Umsi wentsimbi enetyhefu ubeka uxanduva olukhulu kulo naliphi na ishishini lokwenziwa. Sinikezela ngesakhelo esicacileyo, esisekwe kubungqina bokuvavanya ixesha kunye nendlela yokuwelda ngokufanelekileyo ezi mathiriyeli. Uya kufunda iindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa iziphene ezinzima ze-metallurgical kunye nokukhusela iqela lakho. Sikwabandakanya imigangatho yokuthobela engqongqo efunekayo ukugcina ukuxhathisa umhlwa ixesha elide kulwakhiwo lwakho lokugqibela.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Ukwenzeka: Isinyithi esinezinki sinokudityaniswa, ngaphandle kokuba i-zinc isuswe ngokupheleleyo kwindawo ye-weld ngaphambi kokubetha i-arc.
Ukuthintela iSiphene: Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlutha i-zinc kubangela i-weld porosity enzima, ukufakwa, kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-intergranular ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kwiindawo zokunyibilika phakathi kwe-zinc kunye nentsimbi.
Ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko: I-zinc efakwe umphunga ivelisa umsi onetyhefu kakhulu. IPPE efanelekileyo kunye nokungena komoya ziimfuno zomthetho kunye nempilo ekungaxoxiswana ngazo.
Ukuthotyelwa kwePost-Weld: I-Welding itshabalalisa i-zinc layer yokukhusela; ukuveliswa okuyimpumelelo kufuna ukubuyiselwa kwe-post-weld ngokuhambelana ngokungqongqo nemigangatho ye-ASTM A 780.
Ubunyani beMetallurgical yeWelding Galvanized Steel
Ukuqonda ifiziksi yokusilela kwenza isiseko sokwenziwa okukhuselekileyo. IZinc iyabila kwaye ijike malunga ne-420°C (900°F). Intsimbi, ngokuchaseneyo, iyanyibilika malunga ne-1500 ° C (2700 ° F). Lo msantsa mkhulu wobushushu udala umngeni ongundoqo wobunjineli. Awukwazi ukunyibilikisa zombini iintsimbi ngaxeshanye ngendlela ezinzileyo.
Ukuba i-welded ngokuthe ngqo, i-zinc iyancipha ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwe-arc. Ibanjiswa ngaphakathi kwidadi yentsimbi etyhidiweyo njengoko idama liqina ngokukhawuleza. Le gesi ibanjiweyo ibangela i-porosity ebanzi. Kwakhona kudala ukubandakanywa kunye nokungabikho okuyingozi kokudibanisa. I-weld ezaliswe ngeepokotho zegesi ayikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima yesakhiwo.
Idatha yoshishino ibonisa indlela ecacileyo eya phambili yemfezeko yesakhiwo. Xa kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokususa i-zinc ngokupheleleyo, amandla okukhathala ahlala eqinile. Ukuqina kokuqhekeka komdibaniso ococekileyo kufana nentsimbi engafakwanga. Awuphulukani nomsebenzi woomatshini ukuba ulandela imigaqo engqongqo yamalungiselelo.
Ukuqhekeka kokungena kweZinc kuhlala kungumngcipheko omkhulu ngexesha lokwenziwa. I-zinc elulwelo inokugqobhoza imida yeenkozo zentsimbi eqinileyo egxininisiweyo. Sichasa le ngxaki yobunjineli ethile ngokusebenzisa i-silicon ephantsi okanye i-rutile electrode. Gcina umxholo wesilicon phantsi kwe-0.2 Si ukunciphisa le mingcipheko yokuqhekeka ngokufanelekileyo.
Imeko yezinto eziphathekayo |
Umngcipheko we-Weld Porosity |
Ukuqhekeka koMngcipheko weFactor |
Isiphumo seMfezeko yoLwakhiwo |
Intsimbi yeCarbon engenanto |
Phantsi |
Phantsi |
Isiseko somgangatho |
I-Zinc Coating engalungiswanga |
Phezulu kakhulu |
Phezulu (Ukungena kweZinc) |
Uchatshazelwe ngokuqatha |
Ihlulwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokudibeneyo |
Phantsi |
Phantsi (usebenzisa <0.2 Si Electrode) |
Iyafana neBaseline |
IiProthokholi zeMpilo, uKhuseleko, kunye nokuThotyelwa okungaXotyelwayo
Ukuphefumla umsi we-zinc oxide kwazisa iingozi ezibukhali, ezikhawulezileyo zempilo. Abantu abasebenzisa i-zinc engumphunga bahlala bephuhlisa iMetal Fume Fever. Bafumana iimpawu eziqatha, ezinjengomkhuhlane kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba sesichengeni. Ezi mpawu ziquka isicaphucaphu, ukugodola, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha. Ezi zigulo zequbuliso zibekela ecaleni abasebenzi abanezakhono kwaye zidala amatyala anzima emsebenzini.
Iivenkile ezininzi ngelishwa zisaxhomekeke kwiintsomi eziyingozi zasemsebenzini. Abanye abashiseli bakholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba ukusela ubisi kuthintela ityhefu enzima. Kufuneka silungise kwaye siwakhabe ngoko nangoko la marhe ayingozi evenkileni. Ubisi aluyigqubutheli imiphunga okanye luyeke ukufunxa isinyithi nakweyiphi na indawo. Akukho kwaphela okuthatha indawo yokutya kulawulo olululo lobunjineli.
Iziseko zokhuseleko ezisisinyanzelo zikhusela abasebenzi bakho kwingozi esisigxina. Kufuneka usebenzise ukhuseleko olungqongqo lokuphefumla kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Faka izixhobo ezisebenzayo zokutsala umoya wokutsala umsi kwindawo yokuphefumla.
Sebenzisa iindawo ezinomoya ovulekileyo okanye iibheyi ezinomoya onqamlezileyo apho kunokwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni.
Ugunyaziso lwe-P100 (HEPA) iimaski ezisisiqingatha ukuhluza amasuntswana anobungozi ngokufanelekileyo.
Sebenzisa i-Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) kubo bonke abaqhubi abasebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.
ULungiselelo lwe-Pre-Weld Surface: Isigqibo soMgangatho
Imigangatho ye-AWS D-19.0 ibonelela ngeziseko ezingqongqo zolawulo ukulungiselela. Bayalela ukucoca i-zinc coating 1 ukuya kwi-4 intshi (2.5 ukuya kwi-10 cm) kude ne-weld zone. Kufuneka wenze olu coceko kumacala omabini odibaniso phambi kokuba ubethe i-arc. Ukutsiba eli nyathelo kuqinisekisa uhlolo olungaphumeleliyo.
Abaqulunqi abaninzi bayayihoya ngokupheleleyo imfuneko yokucoca i-backside ye-joint. Oku sikubiza ngokuba sisisongelo esifihlakeleyo. Ukugqithiswa kobushushu kukhawuleza kutshise i-zinc yangasemva ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Esi senzo se-capillary esishushu sitsala irhasi eyityhefu kunye nezingcolisi ngqo kwingcambu ye weld. Kufuneka ucoce onke amacala abekwe kubushushu obuphezulu.
Abasebenzi ngokubanzi bakhetha phakathi kweendlela zokususa oomatshini kunye neekhemikhali.
Ukususwa koomatshini: Oku kubonisa eyona ndlela ilungileyo yoshishino kwiivenkile ezininzi. Sebenzisa iidiski zokusila ezinzima okanye amavili e-flap abrasive ukufikelela kwintsimbi eqaqambileyo, engenanto. Qinisekisa ukuba uyawususa wonke umaleko we-zinc odityanisiweyo, hayi nje indawo ebuthuntu.
Ukususwa kweekhemikhali: Ungasebenzisa i-uriatic acid yokuhluthwa kweekhemikhali kwiindawo ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ifuna ukuchaneka ngokupheleleyo kweekhemikhali. Kufuneka unciphise ngokungqongqo iasidi usebenzisa i-baking soda. Ekugqibeleni, yomisa isinyithi ngokucokisekileyo ukukhusela i-hydrogen embrittlement eyintlekele.
Ukukhetha iNkqubo yeWelding eLungileyo kunye neeParameters
Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zifuna ukhetho lwenkqubo ethile kakhulu. Ukulungelelanisa indlela yakho kuthintela i-spatter engaphezulu kwaye iqinisekisa ukungena okunzulu.
I-MIG Welding (GMAW) isebenza njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizinto ezincinci ezifana ne ishidi lentsimbi . Uhlengahlengiso oluthile lweparameter luyimfuneko kakhulu apha. Abaqhubi bafuna isantya esisezantsi kancinane sohambo kunokuba basebenzise intsimbi engenanto. Izantya ezicothayo zivumela i-zinc eshiyekileyo ukuba itshise phambi kwe-puddle. Ukonyusa amandla ombane kunceda ukugqobhoza kuyo nayiphi na i-zinc encinci eyintsalela eseleyo phezu komhlaba. Sebenzisa i-Argon/CO2 imixube yerhasi ukuzinzisa i-arc kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ukutshiza okubhabhayo.
I-Stick Welding (SMAW) ihlala iyeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kumacandelo angqingqwa olwakhiwo. Ukutshintshwa kobuchule bubalulekile ekwenzeni ngempumelelo. Abanini-zithuthi mabanciphise ngabom isantya sohambo lwabo. Kufuneka batshintshe i-engile ye-electrode ukuya kutsho malunga nama-30 degrees. Ukusebenzisa isingqisho 'intshukumo yokubetha' kutyhala i-zinc engumphunga ngaphambili nangaphandle kwendlela ye-weld. I-E7018 i-electrode ephantsi ye-hydrogen isebenza njengokhetho oluqhelekileyo lwesi sicelo esinzima.
I-TIG Welding (GTAW) ibonisa iingxaki ezinkulu zokusebenza. Siyayikhuthaza kakhulu le ndlela kumalungu anyangweyo. Inkqubo ye-GTAW inovakalelo kakhulu kungcoliseko lwangaphandle. I-zinc ene-vaporized iya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza i-electrode ye-tungsten. Iyonakalisa ikhaka legesi kwaye ishiya intsimbi engcoliseke kakhulu.
Inkqubo yeWelding |
Ukufaneleka ngokubanzi |
Iprofayile yeMathiriyeli eLungileyo |
Uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo lweParameter |
I-MIG (GMAW) |
Phezulu |
Icwecwe eliNcinci leMetal |
Isantya esisezantsi, amandla ombane aphezulu, umxube weArgon/CO2 |
Intonga (SMAW) |
Phezulu |
Intsimbi yoLwakhiwo eThick |
I-angle ye-30-degree, isenzo sokubetha, i-E7018 electrode |
TIG (GTAW) |
Isezantsi kakhulu |
Ayikhuthazwa |
Ukudimazeka kakhulu ngenxa yokungcoliseka kwe-tungsten ngokukhawuleza |
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Post-Weld kunye ne-Lifecycle Defense
Ukushisa okugqithisileyo kuhlutha ngokusisigxina iimpawu ezichasene ne-corrosive kwintsimbi ejikelezileyo. Le nto siyibiza ngokuba yingxaki yoMmandla oChatshazelwe bubushushu (HAZ). Lo monakalo we-thermal ushiya indawo esanda kuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza ibe sesichengeni sokuhlwa. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, i-galvanic cell ifom. Le seli ikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ukuthotywa kwentsimbi engenanto ejikelezileyo.
Kufuneka uchaze inkqubo yokusebenza esemgangathweni yokulungiswa kwakhona komdibaniso. Ukuthobela ngokungqongqo i-ASTM A 780 kuthintela i-oxidation yangaphambi kwexesha. Ukulandela le ngcaciso iqinisekisa ukuba indibano ifikelela kubomi bayo obuyiliweyo.
Imigangatho yeshishini iqaphela iindlela ezininzi zokubuyisela ezisebenza kakhulu.
Ukufaka iipeyinti ezikhethekileyo ze-zinc kwintsimbi engenanto. Ezi zambatho zoshishino kufuneka ziqulethe ubuncinane i-95% ye-zinc ecocekileyo kwifilimu eyomileyo.
Ukusebenzisa i-zinc-based soldering alloys ukunyibilikisa umqobo omtsha wokukhusela phezu kwentsimbi engenanto.
Ukutshiza nge-Thermal, okwakwaziwa ngokuba yi-metallizing, kusetyenziso olunzima lwentengiso kunye neshishini.
Lawula ulindelo lwabathengi kwangoko kwinkqubo yokwenziwa. Iindawo ezilungisiweyo ziya kuqala ukubonisa ukungafani kombala wobuhle obahlukileyo. Bahlala bejonge isilivere eqaqambileyo ngokuchasene nemvelaphi engwevu emdaka. Ngokwendalo baya kuba nemozulu kunye ne-oxidize ukuze batshatise isiphelo sokuqala ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukuvavanya iindlela ezizezinye zokwenziwa kwe-ROI eNgcono
Ukusila, ukuwelda okukhethekileyo, kunye ne-post-weld touch-ups kwazisa iindleko ezinkulu zabasebenzi. Bakwadala imiqobo ephazamisayo yokuhamba komsebenzi. Abanini bamashishini kufuneka bavavanye ukuba ukuwelda isinyithi esifakwe ngaphambili kunengqiqo yezemali. Ngamanye amaxesha, iindlela ezizezinye zivelisa iMbuyiselo ephezulu kuTyalo-mali.
Kwimveliso enzima, hlalutya ngononophelo i-ROI yokulandelelana kwenkqubo. Cinga ngokwenza iindibano zakho ngokupheleleyo ngentsimbi ekrwada, engagqunywanga kuqala. Emva koko ungathumela indibano egqityiweyo, edityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo ukuze ifakwe kwidiphu eshushu. Olu landelelwano luphelisa ukucola, lumisa umsi onobungozi, kwaye lubonelela ngeqokobhe elikhuselayo eliqhubekayo.
Qwalasela iijoyinti zobunjineli zoqhagamshelo ngoomatshini endaweni yewelds. Le ndlela ingenye iyayiphelisa ngokupheleleyo imisi ye-zinc eyityhefu esuka kumgangatho wevenkile yakho. Ikwasusa nesidingo sokubuyiselwa kwe-HAZ kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla ezibizayo.
Ukwenziwa komthamo ophezulu ngaphandle kweemfuno ze-welding yolwakhiwo inzuzo ekuthengeni imathiriyeli ekrwada ekrelekrele. Ukufumana ngokuqhubekayo Ikhoyili yentsimbi eyenziwe ngesinyithi yokwenza umqulu okanye isitampu ihlala ingqina ukuba ineendleko eziphezulu. Ukwaleka kwenxalenye yesiqwenga kuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali xa ikhoyili ekrwada idibana ngokugqibeleleyo neenkcukacha zakho. Ukucofa iikhoyili ezifakwe ngaphambili kukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza iishedyuli zemveliso.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukwenza intsimbi efakwe i-zinc idinga indlela eqeqeshekileyo, eyakhiwe kakhulu. Ukuwelda ezi mathiriyeli kuyindlela ekhuselekileyo nesakhiweyo kuphela xa ulandela ukulungiswa okungqongqo komphezulu. Kuya kufuneka uphumeze iiparamitha ze-welding ezilungiselelwe kwaye unyanzelise ukuthotyelwa kokubuyiselwa kwe-post-weld. Ukuthatha iindlela ezimfutshane ngokulungiselela kwangaphambili kubeka esichengeni imveliso yokugqibela kunye nempilo yabasebenzisi bakho.
Abenzi bezigqibo kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo alandelayo akhawulezileyo ajolise kumanyathelo. Sincoma ukuphonononga ii-SOP zakho zangoku zomgangatho wevenkile ukuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho ye-AWS kunye ne-ASTM. Hlola uluhlu lwempahla yakho yePPE namhlanje ukuze uqinisekise ukuba uneP100 ezoneleyo zokucoca kunye neenkqubo zokungenisa umoya ezisebenzayo. Okokugqibela, qhuba uhlahlelo oluneenkcukacha lweendleko-inzuzo ngokuthelekisa ukuhamba komsebenzi kwangaphambili kwegalvanizing ngokuchasene ne-post-galvanizing workflows. Ukulungiselela olu landelelwano lukhethekileyo kuya kukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwakho kwaye kukhusele umgca wakho ophantsi.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ngaba unokuwelda intsimbi ethambileyo kwintsimbi enamazimba?
A: Ewe, kodwa i-galvanized workpiece kufuneka isahlulwe iphinde ibe yintsimbi ethambileyo kwindawo yoqhagamshelo. Izikhewu ezincinci kufuneka zishiywe ukuvumela nayiphi na igesi ye-zinc eshiyekileyo evela kwi-HAZ ukuba ibaleke ngaphandle kokubangela uburharha.
UMBUZO: Ngaba kukhuselekile ukuweldisela ngaphandle isinyithi?
A: Ukuwelda kwangaphandle kuphucula kakhulu ukungena komoya kodwa akuyiphelisi ingozi. Abasebenzi kusafuneka banxibe izixhobo zokuphefumla ezilinganiswe nge-P100 kwaye bacole i-zinc.
Umbuzo: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndidibanisa i-zinc ngaphandle kokuyicola?
A: I-weld iya kubandezeleka ngenxa ye-porosity enzima (amaqamza egesi abanjwe) kunye nokungabikho kokudibanisa, okwenza ukuba kungabonakali kakuhle kwaye kube lula kakhulu ukusilela phantsi komthwalo.
