Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwimveliso kunye nokwakhiwa kuthwala imilinganiselo ephezulu. Ukukhetha isinyithi esingalunganga kudla ngokukhokelela ekungaphumelelini kwesakhiwo esinexabiso elikhulu. Ukonakala kwangaphambi kwexesha kunokuqalisa ngokulula amabango amakhulu ewaranti kunye nokulibaziseka kweprojekthi. Udinga imathiriyeli ezakhiweyo ukuze uphile kwindawo ezinzima.
Ke, yintoni Intsimbi yesinyithi ithetha? Ibhekisela nje kwi-carbon steel efakwe kwi-zinc. Le nkqubo yenza i-metallurgical bond eyomeleleyo. Ukugqitywa okubangelwayo kuthintela i-oxidation eyingozi kwaye kwandisa ubomi besinyithi kakhulu.
Sakhe esi sikhokelo ukunceda iinjineli kunye namaqela okuthenga enze ukhetho olungcono lwemathiriyeli. Uya kufunda indlela yokuvavanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugalela. Siza kuphonononga kwakhona indlela yokuvavanya imida yokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kumgangatho wevenkile. Ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo apha kuthintela imiqobo yokuyila kamva.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
I-Sacrificial Anode Principle: I-coating ye-zinc ikhusela isiseko sensimbi ngokugqwala kuqala, ngokufanelekileyo 'ukubingelela' ngokwayo nokuba umphezulu ukhutshiwe.
Inkqubo imisela iSicelo: Idiphu eshushu, igalvannealing, kunye ne-pre-galvanizing zilawula ukuwelda kwemathiriyeli, ukubambelela kwepeyinti, kunye nexesha lokuphila.
Imida eyaziwayo: Insimbi ene-galvanized inemigangatho engqongqo yokushisa (i-exposure exposure max 200 ° C / 392 ° F) kwaye inikezela ngeengozi ezithile ngexesha le-welding.
Iindleko vs. Ukusebenza: Inikezela ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu le-lifecycle xa kuthelekiswa nensimbi engenasici, i-avareji ye-50 + yeminyaka yobomi obungenalo ukugcinwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo.
INzululwazi yeGalvanization: Ngaphezulu kweNgqungquthela yoMphezulu
Abantu abaninzi bayayiphosa igalvanization ngenkqubo yokupeyinta elula. Oku akulunganga. Ukupeyinta kubeka nje idyasi engaphezulu engaphezulu. I-galvanization ibangela ukusabela kweekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Yenza i-gradient edibeneyo ye-zinc-iron alloys. Ezi zingqimba zetsimbi zidibanisa i-zinc ngokuthe ngqo kwi-substrate yentsimbi.
Xa udipha intsimbi ekrwada kwi-zinc etyhidiweyo, iintsimbi ziyasabela. Benza iileya ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo. Amaleko angaphakathi anentsimbi eninzi. Iileya zangaphandle ziquka i-zinc ecocekileyo. Le gradient iqinisekisa ukuba i-coating ayizukuphela ngokulula phantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini.
Indlela yoKhuseleko oluNxibelelo oluBini
Isinyithi esine-galvanized sithembele kwinkqubo yokukhusela yamacandelo amabini. Ikhusela i-carbon steel core esengozini ngeendlela zombini kunye neekhemikhali.
Isithintelo soMzimba: Umaleko oshinyeneyo we-zinc wangaphandle uvimba ukufuma. Imisa ioksijini yomoya ekufikeleleni kwisiseko sesinyithi. Umhlwa ufuna zombini ioksijini kunye namanzi ukwenza. Umqobo we-zinc uphazamisa le nxaki isisiseko.
Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic (i-Anode yombingelelo): I-Zinc isebenza njengentsimbi esebenzayo ye-galvanically. Ihlala phezulu kunentsimbi kuluhlu lwegalvanic. Ibeka phambili i-oxidation yayo. Ukuba umkrwelo uveza intsimbi engenanto, i-zinc ejikelezileyo iyasebenza. Yenza i-zinc carbonate patina eqinile. Le patina imisa ngakumbi umhlwa ngokupheleleyo. Iyazincama ngokufanelekileyo ukuze igcine intsimbi.
Iindlela zokuSebenza kunye nokuchaza iMaterial eLungileyo
Amaqela okuthengwa kweempahla neenkonzo kufuneka achaze eyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokugalela amanzi efunekayo. Ukukhetha indlela yokwaleka engalunganga kukhokelela kwimiqobo yokwenziwa. Kwakhona kunokubangela ukusilela kwesakhiwo kwangaphambi kwexesha. Kuya kufuneka utshatise inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesicelo sakho sokugqibela.
I-Hot-Dip Galvanizing (HDG)
Abavelisi bathoba intsimbi eyenziweyo kwichibi le-zinc etyhidiweyo. Ibhafu ifikelela malunga nama-860°F (460°C). Ubushushu obugqithisileyo buqinisekisa ukubamba ngokukhawuleza kwe-metallurgical.
Inkqubo ye-HDG ivelisa i-coat engqindilili, enqabileyo. Ukutyeba ngokuqhelekileyo kuphakathi kwe-1.4 ukuya kwi-3.9 mils. Oku kuhambelana nezikhokelo eziqhelekileyo ze-ASTM A123. I-HDG ihlala ibonisa ipateni yekristale eyahlukileyo kumphezulu. Iingcali zemizi-mveliso zibiza le nto ibonwayo 'i-spangle.'
Sincoma i-HDG yentsimbi yesakhiwo sangaphandle. Isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-hardware enzima kunye ne-zero-maintenance environments. Izibane zasezitalatweni, iintsimbi zokugada, kunye nemiqadi yokwakha enzima zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-HDG.
Galvannealing (Zinc-Iron Alloy)
I-Galvannealing yongeza inyathelo elibalulekileyo lobushushu kwidiphu eqhelekileyo. Abavelisi shushu-dip intsimbi kuqala. Emva koko bayayitshisa ngokukhawuleza kwiziko elikhethekileyo. Oku kufudumala kwakhona kunyanzelisa i-iron ukusuka kwintsimbi ukuxuba kunye ne-zinc coating.
Isiphumo sithe ngqo kakhulu i-90% ye-zinc kunye ne-10% ye-iron alloy. Imiphezulu yeGalvannealed ibukeka yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-HDG. Zibonisa i-matte grey, isiphelo esirhabaxa kancinane. Awuyi kubona nayiphi na i-crystalline spangle apha.
Le ndlela igqwesile kwizicelo ezifuna ukupeyinta emva kokwenziwa. Ubume oburhabaxa bubamba ipeyinti elulwelo ngokulula. Ikwaxhasa i-welding enzima ngaphandle kokuthotywa kwe-coating.
Ukufakwa kweGalvanizing kwangaphambili kunye ne-Electrogalvanizing
Ukuveliswa ngobuninzi kufuna iindlela ezikhawulezayo. I-pre-galvanizing ibandakanya ukuqhubeka, ukudipha ngesantya esiphezulu. Izingqusho zentsimbi ziqhuba amaphepha amakhulu angaqengqelekiyo kwibhafu yezinki ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Basebenzisa obu buchule ukuvelisa ikhoyili yentsimbi ekhandiweyo kunye ishidi lentsimbi ekhandiweyo ukuze lisasazwe ngokukhawuleza.
I-Electrogalvanizing itsiba ngokupheleleyo i-zinc pool etyhidiweyo. Isebenzisa imisinga yombane kunye nezisombululo ze-electrolyte endaweni yoko. I-ion yangoku inyanzelisa ii-ion ze-zinc ukuba zifake kwindawo yentsimbi. Oku kudala ichaneke kakhulu, iidiphozithi zesinyithi ezicekethekileyo.
Abenzi beemoto bathembele kakhulu kwezi ndlela zikhawulezayo. Bayisebenzisela iipaneli zomzimba eziziimoto eziphezulu. Abantu bangaphakathi kwishishini babiza ezi freyimu 'umzimba-ngomhlophe.' Iiphaneli zoyilo ezakhiweyo zikwasebenzisa ezi ndlela apho ubuhle kunye nokubumba okuqinileyo kuhlala kubaluleke kakhulu.
Iindlela zokwaleka iTshati yokuthelekisa
Indlela |
Uhlobo lweNkqubo |
Imbonakalo Ebonakalayo |
Isicelo esifanelekileyo |
I-Hot-Dip (HDG) |
Ibhafu etyhidiweyo (860°F) |
Iyabengezela, iSpangle seCrystalline |
Izakhiwo zangaphandle, izixhobo ezishinyeneyo |
Galvannealing |
Dipped + Instant Annealing |
Matte Grey, rough |
Imiphezulu epeyintiweyo, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo |
Ngaphambi kweGalvanizing |
Idiphu yesantya esiphezulu esiqhubekayo |
Iyunifomu, iSpangle esincinci |
I-ductwork, ucingo, isitokhwe sekhoyili esisiseko |
Electrogalvanizing |
Ukubekwa kwe-Ion yoMbane |
I-Smooth, iyunifomu ephezulu |
Iiphaneli zeemoto, ubuhle obuhle |
Imingcipheko yokuPhunyezwa kunye neMida yokuSebenza
Awunakusebenzisa isinyithi esinezinki kwiprojekthi nganye. Ithwala imida ecacileyo yomzimba. Ukutyhala imathiriyeli ukudlula le mida kumema ukusilela okuyintlekele.
Ukulinganiselwa kobushushu
Imigangatho yoshishino iqinisekisa ngokungqongqo umlinganiselo wobushushu obuphezulu. Kufuneka ugcine utyhileko oluqhubekayo lokusingqongileyo ngaphantsi kwe-200°C (392°F). Ukugqithisa lo mda kuphula iibhondi zeekhemikhali.
Ubushushu obuphezulu bubangela ukuba umaleko we-inter-metallic uxobuke. I-topcoat ecocekileyo ye-zinc iya kuhlukana ngokwasemzimbeni kwi-alloy layers phantsi kwayo. Nje ukuba i-peeling iqale, intsimbi engenanto ijongana nomngcipheko we-oxidation kwangoko.
Iingozi zeWelding & Fabrication cost
Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa uwelda ezi mathiriyeli. Inkqubo ithwala ingozi yetyhefu enzima. I-Zinc iyancipha kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu kunentsimbi enyibilikayo. Intsimbi inyibilika malunga ne-2,700°F. I-Zinc iyaba ngumphunga malunga ne-1,650°F.
Xa i-arc ye-welding ibetha isinyithi, i-zinc iyabila ngokukhawuleza. Oku kukhupha umsi onetyhefu yezinc oxide emoyeni. Ukusezela lo msi kubangela imeko yonyango emandla eyaziwa ngokuba 'yi-metal fume fever.'
Imigangatho yeevenkile kufuneka igunyazise umoya wokuphuma komoya wendawo. Iiwelders zifuna ulungiselelo olukhethekileyo lokuphefumla. Kufuneka ucole i-zinc coating ejikeleze i-weld joint ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi. La manyathelo ongezelelweyo anyusa iindleko zokwenziwa.
Ukuba semngciphekweni kokusingqongileyo
Uluhlu lwedini lusebenza kakuhle emoyeni oqhelekileyo. Iyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezinobutshaba. Iindawo zaselwandle ezinetyuwa eninzi zitshabalalisa i-zinc ngokukhawuleza. Umoya oselunxwemeni unyanzela ukusabela kwegalvanic ukuba iqhube rhoqo.
Iimeko ze-Acidic nazo zidla ngokusebenzisa umqobo. Imvula yeAcid inyibilikisa i-zinc carbonate patina ekhuselayo. Ukuntywiliselwa rhoqo emanzini kuthintela ukutyhileka kweoksijini. Ngaphandle kweoksijini, i-zinc ayikwazi ukwenza i-self-healing carbonate layer. Ekugqibeleni iya kuthotywa ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwamanzi.
Isakhelo seSigqibo: Iigalvanized vs. Stainless Steel
Iinjineli zidla ngokuxoxa phakathi kwezi zinyithi zimbini zikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa. Zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Zilinganisa ngokwahlukileyo. Kuya kufuneka useke isigqibo sakho ngokusingqongileyo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye neemfuno zamandla.
Iindleko zokukala
Iintsimbi ezenziwe ngegalvanized zibonelela ngogcino lweendleko zangaphambili. Unokuyithenga ngobuninzi ngokulula. Oku kuyenza ibe lukhetho olumiselweyo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zeziseko ezingundoqo. Iibhulorho, iintsimbi zendlela, kunye nezakhelo ezinkulu zorhwebo zixhomekeke kuyo.
Izikali zentsimbi engatyiwayo zilinganisa kakubi kwiimfuno zolwakhiwo oluninzi. Iqulethe izinto ze-alloying ezibizayo njengechromium kunye ne-nickel. Ukufakela isakhelo sesakhiwo sisonke ngokungenastainless kuya kuluphelisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi.
Amandla kunye nokuqina
Abanye abathengi bacinga ukuba inkqubo yokudipha yenza lukhuni isinyithi. Akunjalo. Inkqubo yokufaka igalvanizing ayiwatshintshi amandla okwenene entsimbi esisiseko. Intsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo ihlala ijikeleze i-400 MPa.
Intsimbi engenastainless ine-metallurgy eyahluke ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwibakala, i-stainless inokugqithisa i-515 MPa. Uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-stainless lufikelela kwi-1300 MPa. Ukuba ufuna ukomelela okugqithileyo kolwakhiwo ecaleni kokuxhathisa umhlwa, i-stainless wins.
Ukuthobela kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwamatyala
Amashishini athile anemigaqo engqongqo yolawulo. Kufuneka ulungelelanise ukhetho lwakho lwempahla kunye nale mithetho.
Ukutya kunye noNyango: Khupha isinyithi esifakwe kwigalvan ukuze kulungiswe ukutya okuneasidi ephezulu. Ijusi yetamatato okanye i-citrus acids iya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza i-zinc. Musa ukuyisebenzisela iindawo zonyango ezingenazintsholongwane. Imiphezulu yeZinc iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye igcina iibhaktheriya eziyingozi. Sincoma kakhulu intsimbi engatyiwayo apha.
Ngaphandle kunye nezinto eziSetyenziswayo: Cebisa isinyithi esifakwe igalvans kwizakhiwo ezinkulu zelanga. Isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwiinqaba zeinjini yomoya. Imibhobho eluncedo izuza kakhulu kwireyishini yayo ephezulu yeendleko zobomi. Ufumana amashumi eminyaka yenkonzo ethembekileyo.
Ukuveliswa kweemoto: Thembela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-electrogalvanized. Babamba ipeyinti kakuhle. Zikhusela iifreyimu zeemoto kwiityuwa zendlela yasebusika ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo: I-QA kunye neeProtokholi zokuHlola
Ukuthengwa kwempahla akupheli ngomyalelo wokuthenga. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuthunyelwa kwempahla engenayo. Imisebenzi yokugquma i-Subpar ikhokelela ekungaphumelelini kwebala. Sebenzisa iiprothokholi zokuqinisekisa umgangatho ongqongqo kwidokhi yakho yokufumana.
Uluhlu loHlolo oluBonakalayo
Qeqesha abahloli bakho ukuba bathembe amehlo abo kuqala. Yalela abathengi ukuba bajonge iipateni ezifanayo. Ukuba u-odole i-HDG, khangela i-uniform spangle. Iimilo zekristali kufuneka zisasazeke ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Ukuba u-odole i-Galvanneal, jonga i-uniform matte finish. Kufuneka ubone ithoni engwevu. Yala ukuthunyelwa okubonisa iindawo zentsimbi ezingenanto. Qaphela ukuxobuka kakhulu okanye amadyungudyungu ecaleni kwencam. Amadyungudyungu abonisa ukungcoliseka komswakama ngexesha lenkqubo yokudipha.
Uvavanyo olungangonakalisi (NDT)
Iitshekhi ezibonakalayo azikwazi ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-microscopic. Udinga idatha ephathekayo. Sincoma ukuxhobisa iqela lakho ngeegeji zobukhulu be-ultrasonic.
Ezi zixhobo ziphathwa ngesandla zithumela amaza esandi ngentsimbi. Babala ubunzulu obuchanekileyo be-zinc layer. Sebenzisa ezi zifundo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthengisi. Jonga amanani abo ngokuchasene nemigangatho ye-ASTM efunekayo. Bhala yonke into efundiweyo yenkqubo yakho yolawulo lomgangatho.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweMichiza / ubunzima
Ngamanye amaxesha ufuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza emgangathweni. Xela iimvavanyo zentsimi ezikhawulezayo kwiqela lakho le-QA. Unokwenza uvavanyo lwe-asidi elawulwayo. Beka iasidi exutywe kakhulu phezu komhlaba. Ukuba ibhobhoza ngamandla, iqinisekisa ukusabela kwe-zinc okunempilo.
Unokuvavanya kwakhona ukuhluka kobunzima. Izinto ezenziwe ngegalvanized ziqikelelwa ukuba zinzima kuneentsimbi ezilingana nentsimbi ekrwada. I-zinc yongeza ubunzima obunokulinganiswa. Viyisha ibhetshi yesampula. Thelekisa iintsimbi zentsimbi ekrwada. Ukunqongophala kwesisindo esibalulekileyo kubonisa isambatho esincinci esiyingozi.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kufuna ulwimi oluchanekileyo. 'Intsimbi yegalvanized' ihlala iludidi olubanzi. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kufuneka kuchaze eyona nkqubo ifunekayo. Kuya kufuneka ubize ngokucacileyo i-HDG, igalvannealed, okanye i-electrogalvanized specifications kuyo yonke iodolo. Sekela esi sigqibo ngokupheleleyo kwiimfuno zakho ezilindelekileyo zokwenziwa, njengokuwelding okanye ukupeyinta, kunye nokuvezwa kokugqibela kokusingqongileyo.
Ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yeprojekthi, cela ababoneleli bakho ngolwazi oluqinileyo. Cela imilinganiselo esesikweni yokwaleka phambi kokuba ugqibezele iikhontrakthi. Banga izatifikethi zokuthotyelwa kwe-ASTM kwibhetshi nganye. Soloko uphonononga idatha yokuhambelana kokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi siya kusinda kwiimeko zakho zesayithi yomsebenzi.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ngaba intsimbi efakwe igalvanized ekugqibeleni iyarusa?
A: Ewe. I-zinc isebenza njengomaleko wedini. Ibeka phambili i-corrosion yayo ukukhusela isiseko sentsimbi yangaphakathi. Emva kokuba i-zinc i-oxidized ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyancipha ngenxa yokuvezwa kwendalo, intsimbi engaphantsi iya kuhlwa.
Umbuzo: Ngaba intsimbi efakwe igalvanized yomelele kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo?
A: Hayi. Inkqubo yegalvanization yongeza ukuxhathisa umhlwa, hayi ulwakhiwo okanye amandla okuqina. Ikhusela nje isiseko se-carbon steel. Intsimbi engaphantsi ichaza amandla okwenene entsimbi.
Umbuzo: Ngaba unokupeyinta ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwentsimbi eyenziwe ngamabati?
A: Umgangatho oshushu-dip intsimbi ekhandiweyo imelana nepeyinti ngenxa yobuso bayo obugudileyo kwaye ifuna iiprimers ezikhethekileyo. Intsimbi yeGalvannealed, nangona kunjalo, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuba ipeyinti ilungele ngokuthe ngqo kwi-factory.
