Ukuwelda Isinyithi esenziwe ngesinyithi sihlala siyinto eqhelekileyo kuyo yonke imveliso eyenziweyo kunye nobunjineli bolwakhiwo. I-coating ye-zinc ehlala ixesha elide inika ukuchasana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba ezi mathiriyeli zibe yimfuneko kwimo engqongileyo erhabaxa yangaphandle kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifunwayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukujoyina ezi zixhobo kwazisa imingeni ecacileyo yetsimbi kunye nokhuseleko xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwintsimbi yekhabhoni engenanto. Uluhlu lwezinc olukhuselayo ludala iingxabano ngokuthe ngqo. Uya kujongana nemiba malunga nokuzinza kwe-arc, ukucoceka kwe-weld pool, kunye nempilo yabasebenzi. Awungekhe ubethe nje i-arc phezu kwengubo kwaye ulindele ukuhlangana okucocekileyo, okuqinileyo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.
Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngesakhelo esisekwe kubungqina kwiinjineli, abaphathi bokwenza izinto, kunye namaqela okuthenga. Siza kuvavanya iimfuno ezisisinyanzelo zokulungiselela, ukhetho lwenkqubo olugqwesileyo, kunye nemigangatho ebalulekileyo yokuthobela efana ne-OSHA kunye ne-AWS. Uya kufunda indlela yokugcina imfezeko yesakhiwo kunye nokukhusela abasebenzi bakho ngokufanelekileyo.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuwelda intsimbi ekhandisiweyo, xa kubonelelwa ngolungiselelo olungqongqo lwangaphambili lwe-weld kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-post-weld yokwambathisa (ASTM A780) iyalandelwa.
I-Zinc iyaba ngumphunga kwi- ~ 420 ° C, ikhokelela kungcoliseko lwe-weld pool, i-porosity, kunye neengozi ezinzulu zempilo (i-Metal Fume Fever) ukuba ayilawulwa ngePPE efanelekileyo kunye nokuphuma komoya.
Imiba yokukhethwa kwenkqubo: I-Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) kunye ne-Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW / Stick) ibambe i-zinc yokulandelela i-zinc engcono kune-Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG), ngelixa i-Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG) kufuneka igwenywe ngokusebenzayo ngenxa yobuthathaka obukhulu bokulandelela i-zinc.
Kugcinwe imfezeko yolwakhiwo: Ngokophando lwe-ILZRO, i-weld efakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwintsimbi eyenziwe ngegalvanized ihambelana nokuqina kokwaphuka kunye namandla okudinwa kwamalungu entsimbi engafakwanga.
I-Physics ye-Welding Galvanized Steel: Imingcipheko yoLwakhiwo
Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni izinto ezenziwe nge-galvanized ziziphatha kakubi phantsi kwe-arc, kufuneka ujonge i-thermodynamics ephantsi. Umba ongundoqo ulele kukungafani okukhulu kwe-thermal phakathi kwengubo yokukhusela kunye nesiseko sesinyithi.
I-Zinc inyibilika malunga ne-420 ° C (788 ° F). Iba ngumphunga ngokupheleleyo malunga ne-906°C (1663°F). Intsimbi yeCarbon idinga amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu ukunyibilika, phakathi kwe-1370 ° C kunye ne-1500 ° C (2500 ° F ukuya ku-2732 ° F). Xa usebenzisa i-arc ye-welding, i-zinc layer ijika ibe yigesi eguquguqukayo ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba intsimbi engaphantsi iqale ukunyibilika.
Izinto eziphathekayo |
Indawo yokunyibilika |
Indawo yoMphunga |
Ukuziphatha Ngaphantsi kweArc |
Intsimbi yeCarbon |
~1370°C - 1500°C |
~3000°C |
Yenza ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo elizinzileyo |
I-Zinc Coating |
~420°C |
~906°C |
Iba ngumphunga ngokugqabhukileyo |
Ukuba ayincitshiswanga, le zinki ingumphunga ibanjiswa ngaphakathi kwidama le-weld eqinisayo. Amaqamza erhasi azabalazela ukubaleka intsimbi engamanzi engamanzi phambi kokuba imkhenkce. Oku kubanjwa kubangela i-porosity yangaphakathi enzima. Uya kubona kwakhona ukufakwa kwe-slag enzima kunye nokungabikho rhoqo kwe-fusion kunye neenzwane ze-weld.
Ukuwelda ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwengubo kuhlala kuyimfanelo enzima yesakhiwo. Kufuneka uphathe umaleko we-zinc njengongcoliseko oluyingozi ngaphakathi kwendawo echaphazeleke bubushushu kwangoko (HAZ). Naluphi na umzamo wokutshisa ngengubo ngaphandle kokulungiswa kuya kuphazamisa amandla adibeneyo kwaye kubangele i-spatter egqithisileyo, engalindelekanga.
Iingozi zempilo kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo (OSHA & AWS Standards)
Ngaphaya kweziphene kulwakhiwo, i-zinc engumphunga ibonakalisa ingozi enkulu yebhayoloji. Xa i-arc ibetha i-coating, ivelisa umsi onzima, omhlophe we-zinc oxide. Ukusezela lo msi uyityhefu kukhokelela ngqo kwimeko eyaziwa ngokuba yiMetal Fume Fever.
I-Metal Fume Fever ibangela iimpawu ezibukhali, ezinjengomkhuhlane. Abasebenzi bahlala bexela ukubanda okukhulu, umkhuhlane ophezulu, isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa, kunye nencasa eyahlukileyo eswiti emlonyeni. Ezi mpawu zidla ngokubetha kwiiyure ezininzi emva kokuphela kotshintsho. Banokumkhubaza ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi.
Ishishini liphethe iintsomi ezininzi ezinobungozi malunga netyhefu ye-zinc. Kufuneka sicacise eyona biology ukukhusela abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Okokuqala, i-zinc iyanyibilika emanzini. Umzimba womntu uyayisebenzisa kwaye uyikhuphe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokungafaniyo nelothe okanye i-hexavalent chromium exposure, i-zinc oxide inhalation ayiphumeleli ekuqokeleleni kwexesha elide lesinyithi esinzima. Isigulo sihlala sisiba buthathaka kakhulu iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48, kodwa asifane senze umonakalo ongapheliyo wenkqubo.
Okwesibini, ukusela ubisi kunika i-zero ukhuseleko lwebhayoloji ngokuchasene ne-zinc oxide inhalation. Oku kuzingisa njengentsomi exhaphakileyo yomgangatho wevenkile. Ubisi luya esiswini. Umsi uya emiphungeni. Ukuthembela kubisi njengendlela yokuzikhusela kubeka abaqhubi kwingozi ethe ngqo.
Ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwimimiselo ye-OSHA kunye nemigangatho ye-ANSI / ASC Z-49.1 iqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza. Kufuneka uphumeze ulawulo lobunjineli kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela.
Utsalo loMthombo: Beka indawo yokuphuma komoya yendawo ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yeweld. Izixhobo zokukhupha umsi kufuneka ziwutsale umsi kwindawo yokuphefumla yaloo msebenzi.
Ukhuseleko lokuphefumla: Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka banxibe iziphefumli ze-half-mask ezifakelwe izihluzi ze-P100 HEPA.
Iinkqubo eziPhambili: Kwiindawo ezivaliweyo okanye ukuveliswa okuqhubekayo, gunyaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) edibeneyo kwii-helmets ze-welding.
Ukungenisa impepho ngokubanzi: Qinisekisa ukuba utshintshiselwano lomoya lwevenkile ludibana nobuncinci bokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
ULungiselelo lwe-Weld yangaphambili: Umthetho '1-4 Intshi'
Ukulungiswa komphezulu kuchaza impumelelo yokugqibela yomdibaniso. I-American Welding Society ichaza izikhokelo ezingqongqo phantsi kwe-AWS D-19.0 yokulungiselela iintsimbi ezigqunyiweyo. Umgangatho osemthethweni ufuna ukuba abaqhubi basuse i-zinc coating 1 ukuya kwi-4 intshi (10-25mm ubuncinci) ukusuka kumacala omabini e-weld joint.
Uneendlela ezimbini eziphambili zokucoca i-coating. Indlela nganye inoncedo kunye nemida ethile.
Ukususwa koomatshini (Okukhethiweyo): Sebenzisa idiski yokusila enzima okanye ivili le-flap elirhabaxa. Gaya umdibaniso ukuya kwintsimbi eqaqambileyo, engenanto. Le ndlela iyakhawuleza kwaye isebenza kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, yamkele ingozi yokuphunyezwa. Nokugaya ngokungqongqo kudla ngokushiya umkhondo we-zinc efakwe kumphezulu wentsimbi.
Ukususwa kwemichiza: Sebenzisa ikhemikhali etchant efana ne-uriatic acid edityaniswe neviniga emhlophe. Oku kuhluba i-zinc ngokucocekileyo ngaphandle kokususa isiseko sesinyithi. Kuya kufuneka uziqhelanise ne-neutralization engqongqo emva koko. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokunciphisa i-asidi ngokukhawuleza kubangela ukurusa okukhawulezayo kwentsimbi eveziweyo.
Isikali sichaza isicwangciso sakho sokulungiselela. Ukuphatha imitsi emikhulu eqhubekayo esuka kwi-a Ikhoyili yentsimbi ekhandiweyo isoloko ifuna ibrashi yomatshini ozenzekelayo okanye ukufudumeza kwangaphakathi kwendawo phambi kwesikhululo sokuwelda. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo kwisinye Ishiti lentsimbi ekhandisiweyo lidla ngokwenza i-flap-disc yokugaya eyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu kwaye isebenzisekayo.
UVavanyo lweNkqubo yeWelding kwiiMathiriyeli eziGalvanized
Ukususa i-coating ngokugqibeleleyo kunqabile ukufezekiswa kwiimeko zentsimi. I-Microscopic trace zinc idla ngokuhlala. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka ukhethe inkqubo ye-welding ekwaziyo ukunyamezela ungcoliseko oluncinci.
Inkqubo yeWelding |
Landela ukunyamezela kweZinc |
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezicetyiswayo |
Ukufaneleka kwesicelo |
FCAW (Flux-Cored) |
Phezulu |
Ikhaka ezimbini okanye ucingo oluzikhuselayo |
Ulwakhiwo olunzima, umsebenzi wentsimi wangaphandle |
I-SMAW (intonga) |
Phezulu |
I-E7018 i-electrodes ephantsi ye-hydrogen |
Ukugcinwa, amacandelo atyebileyo |
I-GMAW (MIG) |
Phakathi |
ER70S-6 ucingo oluqinileyo |
Ukuveliswa kwesantya esiphezulu, amaphepha amancinci |
I-GTAW (TIG) |
Unothi |
N / A |
Ukudimazeka kakhulu |
I-FCAW (i-Flux-Cored) kunye ne-SMAW (Intonga): Ezi nkqubo zibonisa ukunyamezela okuphezulu kwi-zinc trace. Ii-agent ze-flux ezakhelwe kwii-electrodes zinyuka ngokukhawuleza kwi-pool etyhidiweyo. Bakhuculula i-puddle, bephakamisa ukungcola kwaye bavale iigesi ngaphandle kwi-slag layer. Kwimisebenzi ye-SMAW, iinjineli zincoma kakhulu i-E7018 i-electrodes ephantsi-hydrogen. Bavelisa i-robust, welds welds nangona iintsalela ezincinci zokugquma zihlala.
I-GMAW (MIG): I-MIG yocingo oluqinileyo ibonelela ngesantya esiphezulu semveliso. Isebenza kakuhle ngakumbi kwindawo encinci iindibano zamaphepha entsimbi . Nangona kunjalo, i-MIG ayinazo ii-arhente eziguquguqukayo ezisebenzayo. Ifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lweparameter. Kufuneka usebenzise iindlela zokungenisa ubushushu obuphantsi njengesekhethi emfutshane okanye ipulsed-spray transfer. Soloko usebenzisa ucingo lwe-ER70S-6. I-silicon eyongeziweyo kunye ne-manganese kwi-ER70S-6 isebenza njenge-deoxidizers, inceda ukubetha i-bead kunye nokulwa ne-porosity yangaphakathi.
I-GTAW (TIG) – UMmandla wokuNgabandakanywa: Amava ommandla angqina ukuba i-TIG yenza njengephupha elibi kwezi zixhobo. I-electrode ye-tungsten engasetyenziswayo idinga ukucoceka okupheleleyo. Ingcoliseka ngoko nangoko yiyo nayiphi na i-zinc ephosiweyo ngexesha lokulungiselela. I-arc iya kutshica, izule, kwaye ekugqibeleni icime. Ungayifaki i-TIG kwimisebenzi yakho ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuba usebenza kwi-100% eqinisekisiweyo yentsimbi engenanto.
UQinisekiso loMgangatho oManyeneyo kunye nokuBuyiselwa kwe-Post-Weld
Abaqulunqi abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nokuthembeka kwexesha elide kwezi ndibano. Bayabuza ukuba izinto eziphathekayo ziyancipha ngexesha lomjikelezo we-thermal.
I-International Lead Zinc Research Organisation (ILZRO) yenze uvavanyo olubanzi lomzimba kula malungu. Iimpawu zoomatshini zihlala zigqibelele. Idatha ye-ILZRO ingqina ukuba amalungu adityanisiweyo adityaniswe ngokufanelekileyo abonisa amandla alinganayo okuqina, irediya egobileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwempembelelo xa kuthelekiswa neendibano zentsimbi ezingafakwanga.
Nangona kunjalo, i-micro-porosity encinci ihlala iqhubeka. Unokubuyisela ukudinwa kwe-porosity usebenzisa izicwangciso zobunjineli ezihlakaniphile. Kumalungu aphantsi komthwalo obalulekileyo wokudinwa komjikelo, iinjineli zihlala zichaza 'i-welds ezigqithisileyo.' Ukunyusa kancinci isayizi ye-weld yefillet kuphelisa umthamo olahlekileyo kwi-micro-porosity. Oku kwandiswa komzimba kunciphisa uxinzelelo olupheleleyo. Ikhusela i-zinc penetrator intergranular cracking ekusasazeni ngeengcambu.
Ekugqibeleni, ukugaya kunye ne-welding kutshabalalisa umqobo wedini. Kufuneka usebenzise ukhuselo lwe-post-weld corrosion ukunqanda ukurusa okukhawulezileyo kwe-atmospheric. Chaza ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kumgangatho we-ASTM A780 wokubuyisela umaleko okhuselayo.
Cacisa ukusetyenziswa kweepeyinti ezityebileyo zinc, ezaziwa ngokuba sisitshizi segalvanizing ebandayo. Faka oku kakhulu kwi-HAZ nakuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuba ubungqingqwa befilimu eyomileyo buhambelana nomaleko ojikelezileyo wediphu eshushu. Kumalungu amakhulu esakhiwo, i-thermal metallizing (i-zinc spraying) ibonelela ngebhondi ephezulu, ye-factory-grade. Ukulandela i-ASTM A780 iqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco elitsha elidityanisiweyo lifezekisa ukulingana komjikelezo wobomi ecaleni kwengubo yoqobo yokudipha eshushu.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuwelda ezi alloys ezikhuselayo kuyasebenza ngokupheleleyo kulwakhiwo kunye nosetyenziso lweshishini. Kuya kufuneka uyijonge njengenkqubo elawulwa ngokungqongqo kunendlela emfutshane ye-weld ngqo. Ukutsiba amanyathelo okulungiselela kuphazamisa zombini imfezeko yokwakha kunye nokhuseleko lomntu. Ukuthatha ixesha lokuhluba umdibaniso kuqinisekisa ukungena okunzulu, ii-arcs ezizinzileyo, kunye nokusebenza komatshini owomeleleyo.
Ukuphucula iziphumo zakho zokwenziwa, thatha la manyathelo alandelayo kwangoko:
Phicotha iziseko zakho zangoku zokukhutshwa komsi ukuze uqinisekise isantya esaneleyo sokubamba.
Hlaziya i-WPS yakho (IiNgcaciso zeNkqubo ye-Welding) ukuze ubonise ngokucacileyo i-1 ukuya kwi-4 intshi yomgama wokususa i-zinc.
Lungiselela izinto ezisetyenziswayo emva kwe-weld touch-up ukuze zilungelelanise ngokungqongqo iimfuno zobunzima befilimu eyomileyo ye-ASTM A780.
Ukutshintshwa kwezicelo ezinovakalelo kude ne-TIG kwaye kuphunyezwe i-FCAW ye-dual-shield okanye i-MIG ye-pulsed yokunyamezela ukungcola okungcono.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ngaba ukuwelda kwentsimbi kuyenza buthathaka intsimbi?
A: Hayi. Xa ilungiswe ngokuchanekileyo, amandla okuqina kunye nokuqina kokwaphuka kuhlala kufana nentsimbi engagqunywanga. Ukususa umaleko we-zinc ngaphambi kokubetha i-arc kuqinisekisa ukungena okufanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela iziphene ezinkulu zesakhiwo.
Umbuzo: Ndingalusela ubisi ukunqanda i-metal fume fever?
A: Akunjalo. Ubisi alunikezeli ukhuseleko lokuphefumla. Ingena kwindlela yokugaya, inika ukhuseleko lwe-zero kwimiphunga yakho. Ukukhutshwa komthombo kuphela kunye nePPE efanelekileyo (efana ne-P100 respirators) ikhusela ukuvezwa okuyingozi kwi-zinc oxide.
Umbuzo: Ngaba ndingayisebenzisa i-TIG ukuwelda intsimbi?
A: Iyadimazeka kakhulu. I-TIG ifuna umgangatho ococekileyo okhethekileyo. Nokuba intsalela ye-zinc encinci eshiyekileyo emva kokusila ngokungqongqo iya kuyingcolisa kakhulu i-electrode ye-tungsten, ibangele ukuba i-arc ibhadule, itshice, kwaye ekugqibeleni isilele.
Umbuzo: Kukude kangakanani umva endifuna ukugalela igalvanizing phambi kokuwelda?
A: Imigangatho yoshishino (efana ne-AWS D-19.0) iyalela ukucocwa kwe-intshi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-4 ukusuka kwindawo ye-weld. Esi sithinteli sibaluleke kakhulu sithintela ubushushu bendawo ekuvuseni i-zinc ejikelezileyo nokuyitsalela kwi-weld pool etyhidiweyo.
