Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ezinye izakhiwo zensimbi zihlala zingagqwali amashumi eminyaka? Imfihlo ilele ku-galvanization. I-Galvanized Steel ine-zinc evikelayo evikela ukugqwala. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokwenza izitishi kubalulekile ezimbonini ezithembele ezintweni ezihlala isikhathi eside. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uzofunda ukuthi insimbi eyenziwe nguthayela yenziwa kanjani, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, nezici ezithinta ukuphila kwayo isikhathi eside.
Yenziwa Kanjani Insimbi Eyisithako
Inqubo Ye-Hot-Dip Galvanization
Insimbi egayiwe ithola i-zinc eyisivikelo yayo ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-hot-dip galvanization. Okokuqala, insimbi ihlanzwa kahle ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola, uwoyela nokugqwala. Bese, icwiliswa kubhavu we-zinc encibilikisiwe eshisiswe cishe ku-450°C (842°F). Lokhu kucwiliswa kuvumela i-zinc ukuthi ihlangane iqine endaweni yensimbi, yenze ukunamathela okuqinile okuvikela insimbi ekugqwaleni.
I-zinc encibilikisiwe ihlangana nensimbi ukuze kwakhe izingqimba ezimbalwa ze-zinc-iron alloy. Njengoba insimbi iphola, ungqimba lwezinc emsulwa luyakheka phezulu, lunikeze isiphetho esijwayelekile esicwebezelayo noma esimatte. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi i-zinc enamathelayo iwugqinsi futhi iyafana, ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala.
I-Chemical Bonding yeZinc nensimbi
Ngokungafani nezingubo zopende ezilula ezihlala phezulu, i-hot-dip galvanization idala isibopho se-metallurgical phakathi kwe-zinc nensimbi. Lesi sibopho sakha izendlalelo ezihlukene lapho i-zinc ne-athomu yensimbi ihlangana khona, ikhiqize indawo entsha eyingxubevange. Lokhu kuhlangana kwamakhemikhali kwenza i-zinc enamathelayo ibambelele kakhulu futhi ihlale isikhathi eside.
Isici esibalulekile salesi sibopho yikhono laso lokuziphilisa. Uma ingaphezulu likathayela liklwejwa noma lilimele, i-zinc igqwala ngokukhethayo, izidela ukuze ivikele insimbi eveziwe ngaphansi. Lokhu kugqwala komhlatshelo kuvimbela ukugqwala ukuthi kungakheki ensimbi, kunwebe ubude besikhathi sokuphila bezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Izindlela Zokuhlanganisa
I-galvanization igqamile uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izigqoko ezivikelayo njengokupenda noma i-electroplating. Upende usebenza njengesithiyo kodwa awuhlanganisi amakhemikhali futhi ungacweba noma ucwebe, uveze insimbi ekugqwaleni. I-Electroplating ifaka ungqimba oluncane lwezinki kusetshenziswa amandla kagesi kodwa ngokuvamile kuphumela ekujikeni okuncanyana, okuqinile kancane.
I-hot-dip galvanization ikhiqiza ukujiya, ukunamathela okuqinile, okuvame ukuhlala amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokunakekelwa. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele izakhiwo zangaphandle, ingqalasizinda, kanye nezindawo lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi yama-galvanized ngokuvamile ibiza kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokunakekelwa okuphansi kanye nezidingo zokushintshwa.
Ithiphu: Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu, khetha insimbi enamanzi ediphu eshisayo phezu kwensimbi ependiwe noma ene-electroplated ukuze uzuze ekujiyileni kwayo okuzinki okuziphilisayo.
Ingabe i-Galvanized Steel Rust?
Ukuqonda Ukugqwala Nokugqwala
Ukugqwala kuwuhlobo lokugqwala oluthinta insimbi nensimbi lapho kuvezwe umoya-mpilo nomswakama. Idala i-iron oxide, into enamapheshana exebukayo, iveze insimbi entsha ngaphansi. Lo mjikelezo uyaqhubeka, okwenza ukuba insimbi yonakale. Nokho, insimbi eyisivikelo, ine-zinc enamathelayo esebenza njengesihlangu. I-Zinc oxidizes ngokuhlukile; yakha ungqimba oluyisivikelo lwe-zinc oxide, bese luguqulela ku-zinc carbonate lapho kukhona umswakama. Le patina empunga efiphele ayincibiliki emanzini futhi ivimba ukugqwala okwengeziwe. Ngakho, nakuba insimbi evamile igqwala ngokushesha, insimbi ewuthayela imelana nokugqwala isikhathi eside ngoba i-zinc ivikela ingaphezulu nensimbi ngaphansi.
Izimo Okungagqwala Ngaphansi Kwensimbi Enguthayela
Insimbi engaphekiwe ayigonyiwe ngokuphelele ekugqwaleni. I-zinc layer yayo ingaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Izinto ezingaholela ekugqwaleni zihlanganisa:
Umswakamo Ophakeme: Izindawo ezinomswakama ohlobene ngaphezu kuka-60% zisheshisa ukugqwala kwe-zinc.
Ukuchayeka Kasawoti: Umoya wasogwini noma wasolwandle uqukethe i-sodium chloride, esheshisa ukuwohloka kongqimba lwezinc.
Ukumanzisa Kaningi: Umswakama oqhubekayo, njengalapho kugezwa khona izimoto noma endaweni emanzi, ungonakalisa ukunamathela.
Ukungcola: Izinto ezingcolisa imboni ezifana ne-sulphur dioxide ne-hydrogen sulfide corrode zinc ngokushesha.
Izinto ezine-alkaline: Izinto ezifana nosimende nokhonkolo ziqukethe ama-chloride nama-sulfate ahlasela i-zinc.
Ukukhula Kwebhayoloji: I-moss ne-lichen igcina umswakama, ikhuthaza ukugqwala kwendawo.
Lapho i-zinc enamathelayo iba mncane noma iklwejwa, insimbi eveziwe ingaqala ukugqwala. Kodwa-ke, imvelo yomhlatshelo ye-zinc isho ukuthi iqala ukugqwala, ivikela insimbi kuze kube yilapho i-zinc isetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ukuqina Kwesikhathi Eside Kwensimbi Eyisithako
Naphezu kokugqokwa kwe-zinc ekugcineni, insimbi ethathiwe ihlala isikhathi eside kunensimbi engagcotshiwe. Impilo yesevisi ejwayelekile isukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-50 ezimeni ezijwayelekile zangaphandle. Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezimbonini, zingase zihlale iminyaka emi-5 kuya kweyi-15 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukugqwala. Ugqinsi lwezinki kanye nokuchayeka kwemvelo kunquma impilo ende.
Impahla yokuziphilisa ye-zinc ibalulekile. Uma ingaphezulu liklwejwa, i-zinc igqwala ngokukhethekile, ivale insimbi eveziwe futhi ivimbele ukugqwala ukusakazeka. Lesi sivikelo somhlatshelo sinweba kakhulu impilo yensimbi.
Ukunakekela nakho kunendima ebalulekile. Ukuhlanza njalo ukususa usawoti, ukungcola, nokungcola kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-zinc. Ukuhlola ukulungisa imihuzuko noma izindawo ezilimele kusiza ukugcina umgoqo wokuvikela.
Ngamafuphi, insimbi enama-galvanized ingagqwala, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile futhi ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyaka eminingi. Ukufakwa kwayo kwe-zinc kunikeza isivikelo esiqinile, esihlala isikhathi eside, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthembekile kokumelana nokugqwala.
Izinto Ezithinta Ukugqwala Kwensimbi Enguthayela
Izimo Zemvelo
Indawo ezungezile idlala indima enkulu ekutheni insimbi ethathiwe ingagqwala ngokushesha kangakanani. Amazinga omswakamo aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kuka-60%, asheshisa ukugqwala kwe-zinc. Izindawo ezisogwini ziqinile kunsimbi ngoba usawoti osemoyeni nasemanzini usheshisa ukuguga kwe-zinc layer. Izindawo zezimboni nazo ziletha izinselele ngenxa yamagesi ane-acidic kanye nokungcola okufana ne-sulphur dioxide, edla i-zinc enamathela ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
Izinga lokushisa libalulekile futhi. Nakuba amazinga okushisa aphansi engalimazi insimbi, amazinga okushisa aphezulu ahlanganiswe nomswakama noma ukungcola kungasheshisa ukugqwala. Izimo zenhlabathi zithinta insimbi egqitshiwe; inhlabathi emanzi, enodaka ivame ukubangela ukuwohloka kwe-zinc ngokushesha kunenhlabathi eyomile, enesihlabathi.
Umthelela Wokuqina Kwe-Zinc Coating
Ubukhulu bengqimba ye-zinc buyisici esibalulekile ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Izingubo eziwugqinsi zinikeza ukuvikeleka okude ngokuthatha isikhathi esengeziwe ukuguga. Isibonelo, ukumboza okungama-microns angama-85 kungahlala iminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-50 kuzilungiselelo ezijwayelekile zangaphandle. Ezindaweni eziqinile njengezindawo ezisogwini noma zezimboni, ukunamathela okuqinile (ngaphezu kwama-microns angu-100) kuyanconywa ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi.
Njengoba i-zinc enamathela iyancipha, insimbi engaphansi iba sengozini. I-zinc isebenza njengesendlalelo somhlatshelo, iqala ukugqwala ukuze ivikele insimbi. Uma i-zinc isihambile kakhulu, ukugqwala kungaqala ukwakheka endaweni yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ukujiya okulungile okusekelwe ekuchayekeni kwemvelo kubalulekile.
Iqhaza Lokulimala Kwemishini
Ukulimala kwemishini njengokuklwebheka, ama-dents, noma ama-chips kungalimaza ukunamathela kwe-zinc. Lawa makhefu aveza insimbi engaphansi, evumela umswakama nomoya-mpilo ukufinyelela kuwo. Ngenkathi indawo yokuzilapha ye-zinc isiza ukuvikela izindawo ezincane ezilimele ngokugqwala ngokukhethayo, umonakalo omkhulu noma ojulile unciphisa lokhu kuvikela.
Izindawo ezilimele zingaba yizindawo zokugqwala uma zingalungiswa. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza ukubona lezi zindawo ezibuthakathaka kusenesikhathi. Ukulungisa imihuzuko ngopende onothile nge-zinc noma ama-coatings kunciphisa ukugqwala futhi kunwebe ukuphila kwensimbi.
Ukugcinwa Kwensimbi Eyisithako
Izindlela Zokuhlanza Ezivamile
Ukugcina insimbi ethathiwe kuqala ngokuhlanza njalo. Ukungcola, usawoti, nezinto ezingcolisayo kunganqwabelana phezulu futhi kusheshise ukugqokwa kwe-zinc. Ukuhlanza kususa lezi zimali eziyingozi, kusiza ungqimba lwezinc ukuthi luhlale isikhathi eside. Sebenzisa insipho ethambile namanzi ngebhulashi elithambile noma indwangu ukuze ukhuhle insimbi ngobumnene. Gwema amakhemikhali anokhahlo noma izihlanzi ezine-asidi, njengoba zingalimaza i-zinc. Hlanza kahle futhi womise indawo engaphezulu ukuze uvimbele izindawo noma izinsalela zamanzi. Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma zezimboni, khulisa imvamisa yokuhlanza ibe njalo ngekota noma nyanga zonke ukuze ulwe nokunqwabelana kukasawoti nokunukubezeka. Ukuhlanza okuvamile kunciphisa ukugqwala futhi kugcina insimbi ethathiwe ibukeka iyinhle.
Amasu Okuhlola Nokulungisa
Ukuhlola njalo kubalulekile. Bheka imihuzuko, ama-chips, noma amazinyo lapho ukunamathela kwe-zinc kungase kube sengozini. Lawa mabala aveza insimbi kumswakama nomoya-mpilo, iqala ukugqwala. Bhekisisa ama-weld, imiphetho, namajoyinti, njengoba lezi zindawo zivame ukulimala ngenxa yemishini. Sebenzisa igeji yogqinsi lokumboza ukukala ukujiya kwe-zinc futhi ubone izindawo ezincane. Ngomonakalo omncane, sebenzisa upende ocebile zinc noma inhlanganisela ebandayo yokufaka uthayela ukuze ubuyisele ukuvikeleka. Ukuze uthole ukugqwala okuthe xaxa, cabangela ukulungisa okuphrofeshinali noma ukugaywa kabusha. Ukulungisa ngokushesha kuvimbela izinkinga ezincane ukuthi zibe ukushintshwa okumba eqolo.
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Ukugwema Ukugqwala
Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha. Faka ama-lacquers okuvikela acacile noma ama-sealant phezu kwensimbi ethathiwe ukuze wengeze ukuzivikela okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Gwema ukuthintana okuqondile phakathi kwensimbi ewuthayela nezinto ezine-alkaline kakhulu njengosimende omusha, ongagqwala i-zinc ngokushesha. Dizayina izakhiwo ukuze ugweme ukuhlangana kwamanzi noma ukubamba umswakama ngokumelene nensimbi. Qinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi nokungena komoya kahle ezingxenyeni zensimbi. Lapho uphatha noma ufaka, nciphisa ukuklwebheka ngokusebenzisa amagilavu okuvikela namathuluzi acophelelayo. Okokugcina, hlela ukuhlolwa kokulungisa okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesimo sezulu esibi noma imithelela yemishini.
Izicelo Zensimbi Eyisithako
Isetshenziswa Ezokwakha Nengqalasizinda
Insimbi enama-galvanized isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasezingqalasizinda ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokuqina kwayo. Ivela ohlakeni lwesakhiwo, ophahleni, namaphaneli odonga. Amabhuloho nezinsimbi zomgwaqo onguthelawayeka nazo zithembele ensimbini yokuvikela isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside esimweni sezulu nokuguga. Ikhono layo lokumelana nezimo zangaphandle ezinzima ngaphandle kokunakekelwa njalo likwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kulawa maphrojekthi. Isibonelo, izinsimbi zensimbi ezinamekwe nge-zinc zingabekezelela amashumi eminyaka emvula nomoya, zinciphise izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.
Izinzuzo Ezilungiselelweni Zokulima
Kwezolimo, insimbi ewuthayela ibalulekile ezintweni zokusebenza, uthango, kanye nezindawo zokugcina. Imelana nokugqwala okubangelwa umswakama, umanyolo, nemfucumfucu yezilwane, okungase kucekeleke phansi insimbi engalungiswanga ngokushesha. Amasango epulazi namakhorali enziwe ngensimbi ahlala eqinile futhi engagqwali isikhathi eside, eqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokunciphisa ukushintshwa kwemvamisa. Ukwengeza, izisele zensimbi nezinqolobane zivikela izitshalo ezigciniwe kanye nemishini ekulimaleni kwemvelo. Ukufinyeleleka kwayo kuhlangene nokumelana nokugqwala kuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo, lapho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukufaneleka Kwezindawo Zasogwini Nezimboni
Izindawo ezisogwini nezimboni zinenselele ezinsimbi ngenxa yesifutho sikasawoti, umswakama, nezinto ezingcolisayo. Insimbi eyenziwe nge-galvanized yenza kahle kulezi zindawo ngoba i-zinc coating ibambezela ukugqwala ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinonya. Ngenkathi umoya kasawoti usheshisa ukugqokwa kwe-zinc, ukunamathela okuqinile nokugcinwa okuvamile kwandisa impilo yesevisi kakhulu. Izitshalo zezimboni ziyazuza kuzinsimbi zamapayipi, izakhiwo zokusekela, kanye nezindlu zemishini ngoba zimelana nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali kangcono kunensimbi engenalutho. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhuloho asogwini ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinsimbi ukuze amelane nokugqwala okuvela komoya wolwandle onosawoti, alondoloze ubuqotho besakhiwo iminyaka eminingi.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Insimbi Eyisithako
Ukusebenza Kwezindleko Uma Kuqhathaniswa Nezinye Izinto
Insimbi eyenziwe nge-galvanized inikeza isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu samaphrojekthi amaningi. Uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali noma ezinye izinsimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, ibiza kancane kakhulu. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphansi, futhi kuvame ukunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside ngokunciphisa ukunakekelwa nokushintshwa kwezidingo. Ukuqina kwayo kusho ukulungiswa okumbalwa kanye nesikhathi esincane sokuphumula, okonga imali ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo noma umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ibhuloho elakhiwe ngezinsimbi lingase lidinge ukulungiswa okumbalwa kunelo elenziwe ngezinsimbi ezingageziwe, okunciphise izindleko zizonke.
Ukuphila Okude Nokuqina
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zensimbi yama-galvanized impilo yayo yesevisi ende. Ngenxa yokunameka kwe-zinc, imelana nokugqwala nokugqwala kangcono kunensimbi engenalutho. Ubude bokuphila obujwayelekile busukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-50 ezindaweni ezivamile zangaphandle, futhi ngokulungiswa okufanele, kungahlala isikhathi eside nakakhulu. Isendlalelo se-zinc sisebenza njengesivimbeli somhlatshelo, sigqwala kuqala ukuze sivikele insimbi ngaphansi. Le ndawo ezilaphayo isho ukuthi imihuzuko emincane noma umonakalo ngeke usheshe uholele ekugqwaleni, okugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ezifana nezindawo ezisogwini noma zezimboni, ukujiya nokugcinwa okuvamile kunganweba ukuqina okuqhubekayo.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha
Insimbi eyenziwe nge-galvanized nayo iyindlela evumelana nemvelo. I-zinc enamathela ivikela insimbi ekugqwaleni, inciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo kanye nokwehlisa imfucuza. Ukwengeza, i-zinc iyinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi ingaphinda igaywe kanye nensimbi, esekela imigomo yokusimama. Ukusebenzisa insimbi yamagalani kuthuthukisa nokuphepha ngokuvimbela ukwehluleka okuhlobene nokugqwala, okungadala ukubhidlika kwesakhiwo noma izingozi. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kusho izinhlayiya ezimbalwa zokugqwala ezinobuthi noma imfucumfucu, okuyenza iphephe kuzo zombili izisebenzi nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi enama-galvanized ayidingi ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa.
Isiphetho
Insimbi engaphekiwe imelana nokugqwala ngokusebenzisa i-zinc enamathelayo, enikeza ukuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile, njengokuhlanza nokuhlola, kuthuthukisa ukuqina. Ilungele ukwakhiwa, ezolimo, kanye nezindawo zasogwini noma zezimboni ngenxa yokungabizi kwayo kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo. Amathemba esikhathi esizayo ayathembisa, njengoba liqhubeka lisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. I-Sino Steel inikeza insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, iletha inani ngokufinyeleleka nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Imikhiqizo yabo iqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuthembekile, okubenza babe ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
FAQ
Q: Iyini insimbi eyiGalvanized?
A: Insimbi Eyisithako iyinsimbi ehlanganiswe ne-zinc ngokusebenzisa i-hot-dip galvanization, ehlinzeka ukumelana nokugqwala nokuqina.
Q: Insimbi Yensimbi ikuvimbela kanjani ukugqwala?
IMP: I-zinc coating on Galvanized Steel isebenza njengesithiyo, i-oxidizing yakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvikela insimbi kumswakama nomoya-mpilo.
Q: Kungani ukhetha i-Galvanized Steel ngaphezu kwezinye izigqoko?
IMP: Insimbi Eyisithako inikezela ngokujiya, okuhlala isikhathi eside kunopende noma i-electroplating, iyenze ilungele ukumelana nokugqwala kwesikhathi eside.
Umbuzo: Ingabe i-Galvanized Steel ingagqwala ezindaweni ezisogwini?
IMPENDULO: Yebo, i-Galvanized Steel ingagqwala ezindaweni ezisogwini ngenxa yokuchayeka kukasawoti, kodwa izimbotshana eziwugqinsi nokugcinwa kwazo zisesimweni esihle kungase kunwebe ukuphila kwayo.
