Amashidi ensimbi angenasisekelo namakhoyili asetshenziselwa izinto eziyisisekelo asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile, njengokumelana nokugqwala, amandla, kanye nokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene. Njengefektri, abasabalalisi kanye nabalingani beziteshi bahlola imakethe ngemikhiqizo yensimbi engenasici, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamashidi ensimbi engagqwali namakhoyili kuba tucial. Noma ngabe kusetshenziswe ekwakheni, amadivaysi ezokwelapha, noma ukucubungula ukudla, amashidi ensimbi engagqwali yizakhi ezibalulekile ezihlangabezana namazinga emboni aqinile.
Le ndatshana ihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwamashidi ensimbi angenasici kanye namakhoyili, achaze ukwakheka kwawo, inqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Iphinde ihlole izinzuzo zamafektri, abasabalalisi kanye nabathengisi abafuna izinto ezinokwethenjelwa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene zezimboni nezentengiso. Kulabo abanentshisekelo ngokwazi okuningi ngemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali, amakhasi avakashelayo afana Ishidi lensimbi elingagqwali lingahlinzeka ngemininingwane eyengeziwe.
Ukuqonda amashidi ensimbi angagqwali namakhoyili
Amashidi ensimbi angenasici yizingcezu zensimbi eziphansi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, okubanikeza izakhiwo zabo ezihlukile zokulwa nokugqwala. Lawa mashidi akhiqizwa emabangeni ahlukahlukene, ubukhulu, kanye nemibuso ebunjiwe, kuya ngohlelo lokusebenza. Ngaleso sikhathi, amakhoyili ensimbi engagqwali angamashidi agobhoze amakhoyili ukuze akwazi ukulahlekelwa nokugcina. Womabili la mashidi namakhoyili angavuselelwa noma aqhamuke, nenqubo ngayinye enikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa okuphelele.
Izinhlobo zamashidi ezinsimbi ezingagqwali namakhoyili
Insimbi engenasici ihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngesakhiwo sayo se-crystalline kanye nezinto ezengeziwe. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
Insimbi Engagqwali Engagqwali: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, owaziwa ngalo ukumelana kwalo okuhle kakhulu nokwakhiwa. Imvamisa ifaka amamaki afana nama-304 no-316, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye nezicelo zezokwelapha.
I-Ferritic Steel Engagqwali: Lolu hlobo luzibuthe futhi ngokuvamile lubiza kakhulu kunensimbi engenacala. Imvamisa isetshenziswa ezifweni zezimoto kanye nemishini yezimboni.
Insimbi Engagqwali Ebunjiwe: Yaziwa ngamandla nobulukhuni bayo, i-Martensitic Steel engenasici isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini, njengemimese nama-turbines.
Insimbi engenacala: Ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo zensimbi ye-auntenitic ne-Ferritic, amabanga amakhulu anikela ngamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zamashidi wensimbi engagqwali namakhoyili
Ukukhiqizwa kwamashidi ensimbi angenasici namakhoyili kubandakanya izinqubo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ngamunye ufaka isandla ezakhiweni zokugcina zomkhiqizo. Amafektri nabasabalalisi kumele baqonde lezi zinqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyizinto zokwakha ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zomkhakha.
Ukujikeleza okushisayo: Kule nqubo, ama-slabs ensimbi engagqwali afudunyezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu abese edlula ama-roller ukufeza ubukhulu obufunayo. Ukujikeleza okushisayo kulungele ukukhiqiza amashidi amakhulu kanye namakhoyili, futhi kuqeda ukuqeda okunzima komhlaba.
Ukugibela okubandayo: Ngemuva kokugoqa okushisayo, insimbi ingahle ingenelwe ukubanda ukuze iphinde yehlise ubukhulu bayo futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ukugoqa okubandayo kunikeza ukuqeda okubushelelezi nokubekezelelana okubucayi, okwenza kulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokunemba.
Ukukhulisa: Le nqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa isetshenziselwa ukudambisa izingcindezi futhi ithuthukise ukulahleka kwensimbi. I-Anneling ibaluleke kakhulu emikhiqizweni egoqiwe ebandayo okungenzeka ukuthi ithuthukise ukusebenza kanzima ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa.
I-Picling: Ngemuva kokugoqa okushisayo, insimbi ingahle ibe nesendlalelo se-oxide scale, okudinga ukususwa ngenqubo yokukhulisa. I-Pickling ifaka ukucwilisa insimbi kusixazululo se-acid ukuhlanza ingaphezulu.
Ukuqeda: Isinyathelo sokugcina ephepheni lensimbi engagqwali nokukhiqizwa kwamakhoyili kuqediwe, okungabandakanya ukupolwilisa, ukunamathela, noma ukubhala kabusha ukufeza izakhiwo ezithandekayo zobuhle nezisebenzayo.
Izicelo zamashidi ezinsimbi ezingagqwali namakhoyili
Ukuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kwamashidi ensimbi angenasici kanye namakhoyili kubenza basebenze kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Amandla abo okumelana nokugqwala, ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphakeme, futhi ukulondolozwa kobuqotho behlelekile kubenza babaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni efana nokwakha, ukucubungula ukudla, amadivaysi ezokwelapha.
1. Imboni yezokwakha
Embonini yezokwakha, amashidi ensimbi angenasici namakhoyili asetshenziselwa ukungcola, ukuphapha, kanye nezinto ezihlelekile. Ukuqina kwabo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwawo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zihlala zijabulisa futhi zihleleleke kahle iminyaka eminingi. Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu wokwakha wokwakha, insimbi engenasici ivame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yekhono lawo lokubekezelela izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
2. Ukusebenza kokudla nokupakisha
Amashidi ensimbi angenasisekelo asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokudla nokupakisha izimboni ngoba kulula ukuwahlanza nokugcina. Ukumelana kwabo nokugqwala kuvimbela ukungcoliswa, okwenza balungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho inhlanzeko ihamba phambili khona. Amakhoyili ensimbi engenasici asetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizweni kwamabhande okuhambisa, imishini yasekhishini, neziqukathi zokugcina.
3. Amadivayisi wezokwelapha
Imboni yezokwelapha ithembela kakhulu ngensimbi engagqwali ukuze kukhiqizwe amathuluzi okuhlinza, ukufakwa kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. I-Biocomitation ye-Material
4. Izithuthi nokuhamba
Embonini yezimoto, insimbi engagqwali isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokuqeda amandla, inquma, kanye nezinto ezihlelekile. Isilinganiso esiphakeme se-Matter-to-Weight kanye nokumelana nokushisa kwenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zokusebenza okuphezulu. Amakhoyili ensimbi engenasici ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kweziphethu, ama-bolts, nezinye izinto ezincane ezidinga amandla nokuvumelana nezimo.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwamafektri, abasabalalisi kanye nabathengisi
Lapho ukhetha ishidi lensimbi engenasici kanye nemikhiqizo yekhoyili, amafektri, abasabalalisi, kanye nabathengisi kumele bacabangele izinto eziningana zokuqinisekisa ukuthi bathola izinto ezifanele kumakhasimende abo. Lezi zinto zifaka ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo, ubukhulu, ukuqeda, nezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda ukusetshenziswa okuthile kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuzosiza ekukhetheni uhlobo olufanele kakhulu lwensimbi engenasici.
Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo
Izimboni ezahlukahlukene zidinga amamaki ahlukile abonakalayo ngokuya ngemvelo kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezidingekayo. Isibonelo, insimbi engagqwali ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni okujwayelekile nokusebenza kokudla, kuyilapho insimbi engagqwali ilungele kangcono izindawo zasolwandle ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ngenxa yokuqina kwamanzi.
Ubukhulu nokubekezelelana
Ubukhulu beshidi lensimbi engagqwali noma ikhoyili buzothinta amandla alo, isisindo nezindleko. Amafektri avame ukuba nezidingo ezithile zobukhulu, kanye nokuqonda lezi zidingo kubalulekile kubahlinzeki. Amashidi abunjiwe abandayo athambekele ekubekezeleni okunzima kanye nokuqeda okubushelelezi, okwenza balungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kunembe khona.
Qeda phezulu
Ukuqedwa komhlaba wamashidi wensimbi engagqwali kungasukela ku-matte ku-polwe khulu. Ukuqedwa okubunjiwe kungadingeka ekuhlolisweni kokuhlobisa noma izindawo lapho ukuhlanzeka kubucayi, njengasekhishini noma ezibhedlela. Abahlinzeki baphinde bahlinzeke ngokuthenjwa okuthelwayo noma okuphekiwe ukufeza izidingo ezithile zamakhasimende.
Izindleko nokutholakala
Izindleko zihlala ziyisici esibucayi samafektri nabasabalalisi. Amashidi ensimbi engagqwali namakhoyili avela kubahlinzeki abathembekile baqinisekisa ikhwalithi evumelanayo futhi ukulethwa okufika ngesikhathi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ucabangele ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi amaphrojekthi amakhulu adinga inani elibalulekile. Abahlinzeki bathanda I-coil yensimbi ehlanganisiwe inikeza amamaki ahlukahlukene eshidi lensimbi engenasici kanye nekhoyili, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasabalalisi kanye nabathengisi banokufinyelela ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo.
Ukugcina
Ekuphetheni, amashidi ensimbi engagqwali namakhoyili adlala indima ebalulekile kwizimboni eziningi ngenxa yamandla awo, ukuqina nokuqina kokugqwala. Ukuqonda amamaki ahlukene, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisiza amafektri, abasabalalisi kanye nabathengisi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bethola izinto zokwakha. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali ephezulu, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi eside nokusebenza kwamaphrojekthi abo.
