ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯣꯌ— ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ , ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ, ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ꯫ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯛꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯁꯦꯛꯔꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ꯫
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯁꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ—ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 50–70 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ:
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (moisture) ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯕꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯔꯣꯁꯟ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯉ꯭ꯒꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯦ꯫ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯑꯔꯕꯥꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯂꯐꯥꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ
ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫
ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯃꯣꯏꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯍꯥꯎꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ: ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
꯴꯰–꯱꯲꯰ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ/ꯃꯤ⊃꯲; ꯂꯥꯏꯠ-ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦ
꯱꯸꯰–꯲꯷꯵ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ/ꯃꯤ⊃꯲; ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫
ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫
ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ, ꯋꯥꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯩꯁꯥ, ꯌꯨ.ꯚꯤ., ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯣꯀꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ (structural corosion) ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
ꯗꯨꯜ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯆ-ꯑꯞ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ—ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯄꯦꯟꯇ, ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ꯫
ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯇꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯄꯥꯔ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯅ-ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ:
ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ꯫
ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ꯫
ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯐꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦ ꯒꯥꯔꯗꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ. ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯕꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯌꯨꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯁꯥꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯣꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯂꯨꯝ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫ 20–275 g/m²ꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯱꯵꯰+ ꯀꯣꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ, ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯛ, ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯊꯣꯛ-ꯄꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ
1. ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
2. ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯏ. ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
꯳.ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯏ. ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
4. ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (white rust) ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (white rust) ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫
5. ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
