Zomangira zitsulo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kuti zofolera, zakhala chisankho chokondedwa kwa nyumba zonse zogona komanso zamalonda chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo, kukongola kwake, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Poyerekeza ndi zida zofolera zachikhalidwe monga ma shingles a asphalt kapena matailosi adongo, zitsulo zofolera zitsulo zimapereka kukana kwanyengo, dzimbiri, moto, komanso kupsinjika kwamakina. Mapangidwe awo opepuka koma olimba amalola kuyika kosavuta ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwazinthu zomanga.
Komabe, ngakhale zitsulo zofolerera zazitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zimatha kulephera kutulutsa mphamvu zake zonse ngati sizinayikidwe bwino. Kuyika kolakwika kungayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutayikira, kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake, kuvala mwachangu, komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zokonzera. Nthawi zina, zolakwika zazing'ono zoikamo sizingawonekere nthawi yomweyo koma zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a denga komanso chitetezo cha omwe akukhalamo.
Kumvetsetsa zovuta za kukhazikitsa wamba ndikofunikira kwa eni nyumba, omanga, ndi makontrakitala. Kuzindikira misampha imeneyi kungalepheretse kukonzanso kokwera mtengo, kukulitsa moyo wa denga, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndalama zopangira denga zimapereka phindu kwanthawi yayitali. Magawo otsatirawa amafotokoza za zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri pakuyika mapepala, kufotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa, zotsatira zake, ndi chifukwa chake ziyenera kuthetsedwa mosamala.
Mavuto Oyikira Ambiri
Vuto 1: Kuyika kwa Fastener Molakwika
Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso zowononga Kuyika kwa denga la denga ndikosayenera kuyika cholumikizira. Zomangira - monga zomangira, mabawuti, kapena misomali - zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga mapepalawo motetezeka ku chimango chapansi kapena ma purlins. Ngakhale zolakwika zazing'ono pakuyika kwawo, malo, kapena kusankha zitha kusokoneza dongosolo lonse la denga.
Zomangira zomwe sizimayikidwa molakwika nthawi zambiri zimakhala monga kuyika zomangira pafupi kwambiri ndi m'mphepete mwa mapepala, kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zazitali kwambiri kapena zazifupi kwambiri, kapena kulephera kusunga mipata yolumikizana pamapanelo. Zolakwika zing'onozing'onozi zingayambitse zotsatira zoopsa: mapanelo amatha kumasuka pansi pa mphepo yamkuntho, madzi amatha kulowa mkati mwa mipata yaying'ono, ndipo dongosolo lonse la denga likhoza kufooka pakapita nthawi.
Kulakwitsa kwina kofala ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wolakwika wa chomangira - mwachitsanzo, zomangira zamatabwa pazitsulo zachitsulo kapena zomangira zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwirizana zomwe zimalimbikitsa dzimbiri. Kulimbitsa mopitirira muyeso kumawononganso chimodzimodzi, chifukwa kumatha kuwononga pepala, kuphwanya chochapira, kapena kuwononga zokutira zoteteza, ndikupanga malo olowera chinyezi. Kumbali inayi, kulimbitsa pang'ono kumatha kupangitsa kuti mapepala agwedezeke, kumasuka, ndipo pamapeto pake amachoka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwanyengo.
Kupewa kwabwino ndiko kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo a wopanga. Chida chilichonse chapadenga chimabwera ndi malo olimbikitsira, mtundu, ndi ma torque. Oyika ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera kuti akwaniritse torque yoyenera ndikuwunika nthawi zonse pakuyika. Izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwamakina komanso kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwamadzi.
Vuto 2: Kudumpha kapena Kuyika Pansi Moyenera
Kuyika pansi kumakhala ngati chitetezo chobisika padenga - chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa chinyezi kulowa pansi pa mapanelo ofolera. Komabe, makhazikitsidwe ambiri amalakwika chifukwa oyika amadumphadumpha kapena kulephera kuyiyika bwino.
Kuyika pansi kukasiyidwa, condensation iliyonse kapena madzi amadzimadzi omwe amalowa m'malo olumikizirana kapena kuphatikizika amatha kufika padenga ladenga. M'kupita kwa nthawi, izi zimayambitsa nkhuni kuwola, dzimbiri, kukula kwa nkhungu, ngakhalenso kufowoka kwa kapangidwe kake. Kuyika zoyika pansi molakwika kumathanso kukhala kovuta - makwinya, thovu la mpweya, kapena malo osagwirizana amatha kupanga matumba otsekera madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutayikira komanso kuwonongeka mwachangu.
Chinsinsi chopewera nkhanizi chagona pakusankha koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zomangira pansi. Iyenera kukhala yosalala, yopanda makwinya, ndi kuphatikizika mokwanira kuti iwonetsetse kufalikira kwathunthu. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku zigwa, zitunda, ndi zolumikizira komwe madzi amayenda mokhazikika. M'madera okhala ndi mvula yambiri kapena chipale chofewa, zotchingira zopanda madzi kapena zomangira pansi zimalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti zitetezedwe.
Vuto 3: Kunyalanyaza Zofunikira za Padenga
Denga la denga, kapena mbali yotsetsereka, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira momwe madzi ndi zinyalala zimakhetsedwa bwino padenga. Mphuno yozama kapena yosawerengeka molakwika ndi imodzi mwa zolakwika zoyikirapo zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa pochita ndi zitsulo zofolera.
Malo otsetsereka a denga akakhala osakwanira, madzi amvula sangathe kukhetsa bwino ndipo amakonda kusakanikirana pamwamba. M'kupita kwa nthawi, madzi oyimirirawa amafulumizitsa dzimbiri, amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a algae, ndipo amawonjezera chiopsezo cha kutayikira kudzera m'mitsempha kapena mabowo otsekera. Kuchulukana kwa chipale chofewa kumatha kukulitsa vutolo mwa kuwonjezera kulemera kwakukulu ndi kuwonetsa chinyezi.
Mtundu uliwonse wa pepala la denga uli ndi zofunikira zomwe zimalangizidwa ndi wopanga. Kulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikirazi kumatanthauza kuti denga siligwira ntchito momwe limafunira. Pofuna kupewa mavuto a ngalande, oyika denga ayenera kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa denga asanaikidwe, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, awonjezere zomangira kapena zingwe zapadera zotsekera madzi kuti agwiritse ntchito otsetsereka.
Vuto 4: Kuyika Molakwika kwa Flashing
Kung'anima ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa denga lililonse - kumatsekera malo osatetezeka monga malo olumikizirana, zitunda, zigwa, ndi malo olowera padenga mozungulira chimney kapena polowera. Tsoka ilo, kuyika kopanda koyenera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira pamakina ofolera.
Zolakwa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wolakwika wa zinthu zonyezimira, kunyalanyaza kusindikiza m'mphepete moyenera, kapena kudula ngodya podutsa zigawo. Zolakwa izi zimapanga njira zolowera m'madzi, zomwe zimatsogolera ku dzimbiri, kuwonongeka kwa insulation, ndi kutulutsa mkati. Pakapita nthawi, chinyontho chotsekeredwa chikhoza kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni ndikukulitsa kukula kwa nkhungu.
Kuyika kowala koyenera kumafuna muyeso wolondola, kudula, ndi kusindikiza. Oikapo agwiritse ntchito zipangizo zogwirizana ndi zitsulo zofolerera kuti ateteze dzimbiri la galvanic - mwachitsanzo, kung'anima kwa aluminiyamu kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mapepala amkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, seams ndi zolumikizira zonse ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndi zosindikizira zovomerezeka ndikuyikidwa molingana ndi miyezo ya opanga kapena makampani.
Vuto 5: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zosagwirizana
Cholakwika chocheperako koma chowononga kwambiri ndikusakaniza zinthu zosagwirizana. Oyika ambiri amanyalanyaza momwe zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zimagwirira ntchito. Pamene zitsulo ziwiri zosiyana zigwirizana, electrochemical reaction yotchedwa galvanic corrosion imatha kuchitika - makamaka pamaso pa chinyezi.
Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza zitsulo zokhala ndi malata ndi zomangira zamkuwa kapena zomangira za aluminiyamu zimatha kupangitsa kuti chitsulo chimodzi chiwonongeke mwachangu. Mofananamo, kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zosagwirizana, zomatira, kapena zosindikizira zimatha kuwononga chitetezo cha denga. Zotsatira zake ndi dzimbiri, kusinthika kwamtundu, komanso kuchepa kwa moyo wautali padenga.
Kuti mupewe kusagwirizana kwamankhwala uku, oyikapo amayenera kutchula zolemba za opanga pazinthu zovomerezeka. Chigawo chilichonse - kuyambira zomangira ndi zosindikizira mpaka zotsekera - ziyenera kusankhidwa potengera kutsimikizika kogwirizana. Kusamala kumeneku kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwadongosolo ndikusunga mawonekedwe a denga.
Vuto 6: Kunyalanyaza Kuwonjezedwa kwa Matenthedwe
Zitsulo zofolera zitsulo zimakula ndi kutsika pamene kutentha kumasinthasintha tsiku lonse ndi nyengo. Kunyalanyaza chodabwitsa ichi pakuyika ndikulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe kungayambitse kupsinjika kwamapangidwe komanso kuwonongeka msanga.
Pamene kukula kwa kutentha sikunawerengedwe bwino, mapepala ofolera amatha kupindika, kumangirira, kapena kuchoka pazitsulo. Pakapita nthawi, kusunthaku kumatha kupanga mipata pa seams, kumasula zomangira, kapena kupotoza mapanelo, kulola kulowa kwamadzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphepo.
Njira yolondola ndiyo kupanga makhazikitsidwe omwe amalola kusuntha kwamafuta. Izi zikuphatikizanso kupereka mipata yokulira pakati pa mapanelo, kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zosinthika kapena ma clip otsetsereka, ndikutsatira zomwe wopanga amafunikira pautali wamagulu. Makina ena amakono amakhala ndi mabowo omangidwa mkati kapena malo olumikizira kutentha kuti achepetse ngoziyi. Kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kumafunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti zomangira zimakhala zotetezeka ndipo kuyenda kumakhalabe kosasokoneza.
Vuto 7: Kusamalira ndi Kusunga Mosayenera
Ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kusanayambe, kusamalidwa bwino ndi kusungirako kosayenera kwa mapepala apadenga kungayambitse mavuto a nthawi yayitali. Zitsulo zimatha kuwoneka zolimba, koma zimatha kuwonongeka pamtunda, ziboda, ndi zokanda ngati sizisamalidwa bwino.
Kukoka mapanelo pamalo olimba, kuwasanjika mosagwirizana, kapena kuwayika kumvula ndi chinyezi musanawaike kungayambitse dzimbiri kapena madontho. Zophimba zikawonongeka, dzimbiri limatha kukula mwachangu, makamaka m'malo achinyezi kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Pofuna kupewa izi, mapepala ofolera ayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse pamalo okwera, okwera kuchokera pansi, ndikuphimbidwa kuti ateteze ku chinyezi ndi dothi. Panthawi yoyendetsa, mapepala ayenera kutetezedwa kuti asasunthike kapena kupakana wina ndi mzake. Ogwira ntchito azigwira ndi magolovesi aukhondo ndipo apewe kuyika zida zolemera kapena zida pamwamba pa milu.
Vuto 8: Kusalongosoka Koyipa ndi Kuphatikizika
Kuyanjanitsa ndi kuphatikizika ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito padenga komanso kusasinthika kowonekera. Mapepala osayanjanitsidwa bwino angayambitse madzi osagwirizana, mipata, ndi mizere yosaoneka bwino ya padenga. Kusagwirizana kokwanira pakati pa mapepala kapena m'mphepete mwa zitunda ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kutayikira, makamaka pansi pa mvula yoyendetsedwa ndi mphepo.
Pamene kuphatikizika kuli kwakufupi kwambiri, zochita za capillary zimatha kukokera madzi m'mwamba kupita ku seams. Momwemonso, mapepala olakwika amatha kusiya mipata yowonekera yomwe imafooketsa mphamvu ya mphepo ndi kukhazikika kwa denga lonse. Ngakhale zolakwika zing'onozing'ono zimadziunjikira padenga lalikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zazikulu komanso zokongoletsa.
Kuonetsetsa kuyanika koyenera kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mizere ya choko kapena maupangiri a laser pakuyika. Miyezo yodutsana iyenera kutsata zomwe wopanga - nthawi zambiri amayenera kukhala ndi chitunda chimodzi kapena malata, kutengera mtundu wagawo. Kusamalira mowonjezereka pakukhazikitsa kudzapulumutsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo m'tsogolomu.
Vuto 9: Kusakwanira kwa Fastener Kumangitsa
Kumangitsa zomangira moyenera kungamveke ngati kosavuta, koma ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zocheperako pakuyika mapepala ofolera. Ma fasteners akamangika pang'ono, mapanelo amatha kukweza mphepo yamkuntho, zomwe zimapangitsa phokoso logwedezeka komanso kutayikira. Kulimbitsa kwambiri, komabe, kumatha kuvula ulusi, kupotoza pepala, ndikuwononga ma washer, kusokoneza chisindikizo chopanda madzi.
Zonse ziwirizi zimatha kufupikitsa moyo wa denga ndikubweretsa zovuta zokonza. Chinsinsi ndikukwaniritsa torque yokhazikika, yolimba - yolimba mokwanira kuti igwire pepala molimba popanda kuliphwanya. Oikapo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zobowolera zoyendetsedwa ndi torque kapena ma driver owongolera kuti atsimikizire zolondola. Kuyang'ana kwakanthawi kumalimbikitsidwanso, chifukwa zomangira zimatha kumasuka pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kugwedezeka komanso kuyenda kwamafuta.
Mapeto
Kuyika bwino mapepala ofolerera ndikofunikira monga kusankha zida zapamwamba. Kupewa zovuta zoyikapo zokhazikika monga kuyika chomangira molakwika, kuyika pansi molakwika, kunyalanyaza phula la denga, ndi kunyalanyaza kukulitsa kwa kutentha kumatsimikizira kuti denga likugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, limateteza kudontha, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza.
Pomvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zimafalazi, eni nyumba, omanga mapulani, ndi makontrakitala atha kuchitapo kanthu kuti ateteze ndalama zawo zofolera. Kuthandizana ndi opanga odziwika bwino, monga Shandong Sino Steel Co., Ltd, kumatsimikizira mwayi wopeza mapepala apamwamba kwambiri komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo, zomwe zimathandiza kukwaniritsa makhazikitsidwe odalirika, okhazikika, komanso osangalatsa.
Chisamaliro chosamala pamagwiridwe azinthu, kuyanjanitsa, kuyenderana, ndi malangizo opanga zidzalola kuti zitsulo zanu zofolerera zizipereka zaka makumi ambiri zachitetezo, mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso mtendere wamalingaliro, kupangitsa kuti ndalama zanu zofolera zikhale zopindulitsa.
