Amabati yo gusakara ibyuma, bakunze kwita amabati yo hejuru, byahindutse ihitamo ryamazu yo guturamo ndetse nubucuruzi bitewe nigihe kirekire, ubwiza bwubwiza, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora. Ugereranije n'ibikoresho gakondo byo gusakara nka shitingi ya asfalt cyangwa amabati y'ibumba, impapuro zo gusakara ibyuma bitanga imbaraga zo guhangana nikirere gikabije, kwangirika, umuriro, hamwe no guhangayika. Imiterere yoroheje ariko ikomeye ituma kwishyiriraho byoroshye kandi bigabanya umutwaro rusange murwego rwo kubaka.
Ariko, ndetse na Amabati meza cyane yo hejuru yo gusakara arashobora kunanirwa gutanga ubushobozi bwuzuye niba adashyizweho neza. Kwishyiriraho nabi birashobora gukurura ibibazo bitandukanye, harimo kumeneka, kwangirika kwimiterere, kwambara byihuse, no kongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga. Rimwe na rimwe, amakosa yoroheje yo kwishyiriraho ntashobora guhita agaragara ariko arashobora gutera ibibazo birebire bibangamira imikorere yinzu hamwe numutekano wabatuye inyubako.
Gusobanukirwa ibibazo bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho nibyingenzi kubafite imitungo, abubatsi, naba rwiyemezamirimo. Kumenya iyi mitego birashobora gukumira gusanwa bihenze, kwagura igihe cyo hejuru yinzu, no kwemeza ko ishoramari ryo gusakara ritanga agaciro karambye. Ibice bikurikira birasobanura ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mugihe cyo gushiraho ibisenge, bisobanura impamvu zabo, ingaruka zishobora kubaho, n'impamvu bigomba gukemurwa neza.
Ibibazo bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho
Ikibazo 1: Gushyira Kwihuta Kwibeshya
Rimwe mu makosa akunze kandi yangiza muri igisenge cyo gushiraho ntabwo ari byo byihuta. gushiraho Kwizirika - nk'imigozi, ibisumizi, cyangwa imisumari - bigira uruhare runini mugufata amabati neza kumurongo wimbere cyangwa purlins. Ndetse amakosa make mumyanya yabo, umwanya, cyangwa guhitamo birashobora guhungabanya sisitemu yose yo hejuru.
Kwizirika nabi kwinjizamo nabi akenshi birimo ibibazo nko gushyira imigozi hafi yurupapuro rwurupapuro, ukoresheje ibifunga birebire cyangwa bigufi cyane, cyangwa binanirwa gukomeza umwanya uhoraho kuruhande. Aya makosa mato arashobora kuganisha kumusubizo ukomeye: panele irashobora kugabanuka munsi yumuyaga mwinshi, amazi arashobora kwinjirira muri micro-icyuho, kandi igisenge rusange gishobora gucika intege mugihe.
Irindi kosa risanzwe ni ugukoresha ubwoko butari bwo bwihuta - urugero, imigozi yimbaho kumurongo wicyuma cyangwa ibifunga bikozwe mubikoresho bidahuye biteza ruswa. Kurenza urugero-byangiza kimwe, kuko bishobora guhindura urupapuro, kumenagura igikarabiro, cyangwa kwangiza imyenda ikingira, bigatera aho byinjirira. Ku rundi ruhande, gukomera cyane birashobora gutuma impapuro zinyeganyega, zikarekura, kandi amaherezo zikitandukanya n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Kwirinda ibyiza ni ugukurikiza byimazeyo umurongo ngenderwaho. Buri gicuruzwa cyo hejuru gisakara kizana icyerekezo cyihuta, ubwoko, hamwe na torque. Abashiraho bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho byahinduwe kugirango bagere kumurongo ukwiye kandi bagenzure buri gihe mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Ibi byemeza imikorere yubukorikori hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora amazi.
Ikibazo 2: Gusimbuka cyangwa Kudashyira mu gaciro
Gupfundikanya bikora nk'igisenge cyihishe cyo kurinda - inzitizi irinda kwinjirira neza munsi yimbaho. Nyamara, kwishyiriraho byinshi bigenda nabi kuko abayishiraho basimbuka iyi ntambwe burundu cyangwa bananiwe kuyishiraho neza.
Iyo umwenda udasibwe, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyinjira cyangwa amazi yinjira mu ngingo cyangwa guhuzagurika arashobora kugera ku gisenge. Igihe kirenze, ibi bitera ibiti kubora, kubora, gukura kubumba, ndetse no gucika intege. Kwishyiriraho bidakwiye birashobora kandi kuba ikibazo - iminkanyari, imyuka yo mu kirere, cyangwa ubuso butaringaniye birashobora gukora imifuka ifata amazi, biganisha kumeneka no kwangirika vuba.
Urufunguzo rwo kwirinda ibyo bibazo ruri mu guhitamo neza no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Igomba gushyirwaho neza, idafite iminkanyari, kandi igapfundikirwa bihagije kugirango igaragaze neza. Byakagombye kwitabwaho cyane cyane mubibaya, imisozi, hamwe n’aho amazi atemba. Mu bice bifite imvura nyinshi cyangwa imvura nyinshi, urubura ruhebuje rwamazi adafite amazi cyangwa munsi yubukorikori birasabwa cyane kurindwa.
Ikibazo cya 3: Kwirengagiza Ibisabwa hejuru yinzu
Ikibanza cyo hejuru, cyangwa inguni ihanamye, ni ikintu gikomeye cyerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana uburyo amazi n’imyanda bisohoka neza hejuru yinzu. Ikibanza kidakabije cyangwa kibarwa nabi nikimwe mumakosa yirengagijwe yo kwishyiriraho mugihe ukorana namabati.
Iyo ahahanamye hejuru yinzu, amazi yimvura ntashobora gutemba neza kandi akunda guhurira hejuru. Igihe kirenze, aya mazi ahagaze yihutisha kwangirika, atera inkunga ya algae, kandi byongera ibyago byo kumeneka binyuze mumyanda cyangwa imyobo yihuta. Kwirundanya urubura birashobora kurushaho gukaza umurego wongeyeho uburemere bukabije nubushuhe.
Buri bwoko bw'urupapuro rusakara rufite uruganda-rusabwa byibuze ahantu hahanamye. Kunanirwa kubahiriza ibi bisobanuro bivuze ko igisenge kitazakora nkuko byateganijwe. Kugirango wirinde ibibazo byamazi, abayashiraho bagomba guhora babara ikibanza cyinzu neza mbere yo kuyishyiraho kandi, nibiba ngombwa, ongeraho ibikoresho byubatswe cyangwa ibyuma bidasanzwe bitarinda amazi kubisabwa bito.
Ikibazo cya 4: Kwinjiza Flash idakwiye
Kumurika ni ikintu cy'ingenzi muri sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yo gusakara - ifunga ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa nk'ingingo, imisozi, ibibaya, hamwe n'inzu yinjira mu gisenge hafi ya chimney cyangwa umuyaga. Kubwamahirwe, kwishyiriraho flashing idakwiye nimwe mumpamvu zikunze gutera kumeneka ya sisitemu.
Amakosa akubiyemo gukoresha ubwoko butari bwo bwo kumurika ibintu, kwirengagiza gufunga impande neza, cyangwa guca inguni mugihe uhuza ibice. Aya makosa akora inzira zo kwinjira mumazi, biganisha kuri ruswa, kwangirika kwizuba, no kumeneka imbere. Igihe kirenze, ubuhehere bufashwe burashobora gutera ibiti byangirika kandi bigatera imbere gukura.
Kwishyiriraho neza bisaba gupima neza, gukata, no gufunga. Abashiraho bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho bihuye nicyuma cyo gusakara kugirango birinde ruswa - urugero, flash ya aluminium ntigomba guhuzwa nimpapuro zo hejuru zumuringa. Byongeye kandi, ingero zose hamwe hamwe bigomba gufungwa hamwe na kashe yemewe kandi bigashyirwaho ukurikije ibicuruzwa cyangwa inganda.
Ikibazo 5: Gukoresha Ibikoresho bidahuye
Ikosa ritagaragara ariko ryangiza cyane ni ukuvanga ibikoresho bidahuye. Abashiraho benshi basuzugura uburyo ibyuma bitandukanye bikora. Iyo ibyuma bibiri bidasa bihuye, reaction ya electrochemicique izwi kwizina rya galvanic rushobora kubaho - cyane cyane iyo hari ubushuhe.
Kurugero, guhuza impapuro zometseho ibyuma hamwe numuringa ucana cyangwa aluminiyumu birashobora gutuma kimwe mubyuma cyangirika vuba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gukoresha ibifuniko bidahuye, ibifatika, cyangwa kashe birashobora kwangiza kurangiza kurinda urupapuro. Igisubizo ni ingese, amabara, hamwe nigabanuka ryigihe cyo hejuru yinzu.
Kugirango wirinde imiti idahuye, abayishiraho bagomba guhora berekana ibyakozwe nababikoresho kubikoresho byemewe. Ibigize byose - uhereye kubifunga hamwe na kashe kugeza kurwego - bigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe kubihuza. Gufata iyi ngamba birinda umutekano muke kandi bikarinda ubwiza bwigisenge.
Ikibazo 6: Kwirengagiza Kwagura Ubushyuhe
Amabati yo gusakara ibyuma araguka kandi akagabanuka uko ubushyuhe buhindagurika umunsi wose no mubihe. Kwirengagiza ibi bintu bisanzwe mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho ni ikosa rikomeye rishobora kugutera guhangayika no kwangirika imburagihe.
Iyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe kutabazwe neza, impapuro zo hejuru zishobora kurigata, gutobora, cyangwa gukuramo kure. Igihe kirenze, uru rugendo rushobora gutera icyuho, imigozi irekuye, cyangwa imitegekere igoreka, bigatuma amazi yinjira no kwangiza umuyaga.
Uburyo bwiza nugushiraho ibice byakira ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga icyuho cyo kwaguka hagati yikibaho, ukoresheje ibyuma byoroha cyangwa clips zinyerera, hamwe nibisobanuro byakozwe nababigenewe kuburebure bwumwanya. Sisitemu zimwe zigezweho ndetse zigaragaramo imyobo yubatswe cyangwa guhuza ubushyuhe bwumuriro kugirango ugabanye ibi byago. Kugenzura buri gihe kubungabunga nabyo birasabwa kwemeza ko ibifunga bikomeza umutekano kandi kugenda bikabangamirwa.
Ikibazo 7: Gufata neza no Kubika
Ndetse na mbere yo kwishyiriraho gutangira, gufata nabi no kubika nabi impapuro zo hejuru zishobora kuganisha kubibazo byigihe kirekire. Icyuma gishobora kugaragara ko kiramba, ariko birashobora kwangirika kwubutaka, amenyo, hamwe no gushushanya niba bidakozwe neza.
Kurura ibibaho hejuru yubusa, kubishyira hamwe, cyangwa kubigusha imvura nubushuhe mbere yo kwishyiriraho bishobora gutera ruswa cyangwa kwanduza. Iyo ibishishwa bimaze guhungabana, ingese irashobora gukura vuba, cyane cyane mubihe bitose cyangwa ku nkombe.
Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, amabati yo gusakara agomba guhora abitswe hejuru yurwego, akazamurwa hejuru yubutaka, kandi agapfundikirwa kugirango arinde ubushuhe n’umwanda. Mugihe cyo gutwara, impapuro zigomba kuba zifite umutekano kugirango wirinde guhinduranya cyangwa guterana. Abakozi bagomba kubakoresha na gants nziza kandi bakirinda gushyira ibikoresho biremereye cyangwa ibikoresho hejuru yumurongo.
Ikibazo cya 8: Guhuza nabi no guhuzagurika
Guhuza no guhuzagurika nibintu byingenzi byimikorere yo gusakara no kugaragara neza. Amabati ahujwe nabi arashobora kuganisha kumazi ataringaniye, icyuho, hamwe numurongo wigisenge utagaragara. Guhuzagurika bidahagije hagati yimpapuro cyangwa kumisozi nimpamvu nyamukuru itera kumeneka, cyane cyane mumvura iterwa numuyaga.
Iyo guhuzagurika ari bigufi cyane, ibikorwa bya capillary birashobora gukurura amazi hejuru. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, impapuro zidahuye zirashobora gusiga icyuho kigaragara kigabanya imbaraga zo kurwanya umuyaga hamwe nigisenge rusange. Ndetse uduce duto duto twegeranya hejuru yinzu hejuru yinzu, bigakora imikorere ikomeye nibibazo byuburanga.
Kugenzura neza guhuza bikubiyemo gukoresha imirongo ya chalk cyangwa kuyobora laser mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Ibipimo byuzuzanya bigomba gukurikiza byimazeyo ibyakozwe - mubisanzwe byibuze byibuze umusozi umwe wuzuye cyangwa ruswa, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikibaho. Kwitaho cyane muguhuza mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho bizigama gusana bihenze mugihe kizaza.
Ikibazo 9: Kwihuta kwihuta
Kwizirika ku bifunga neza birashobora kumvikana byoroshye, ariko nikimwe mubintu bidasuzuguritse byo gushiraho amabati. Iyo ibifunga bidakomeye, panele irashobora guterura mugihe c'umuyaga mwinshi, bigatera urusaku rwo kunyeganyega hamwe no gutemba. Kurenza urugero, ariko, birashobora kwambura insinga, kugoreka urupapuro, no kwangiza abamesa, bikabangamira kashe y’amazi.
Izi ntagondwa zombi zirashobora kugabanya igihe cyo hejuru yinzu kandi biganisha kubibazo byo kubungabunga. Urufunguzo ni ukugera kumurongo uhoraho, uringaniye - ufashe bihagije kugirango ufate urupapuro ushikamye utarujanjagura. Abashiraho bagomba gukoresha imyitozo igenzurwa na torque cyangwa abashoferi bahinduwe kugirango barebe neza. Igenzura ryigihe naryo rirasabwa, kuko gufunga bishobora kugabanuka mugihe bitewe no kunyeganyega hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Umwanzuro
Gushyira neza amabati yo hejuru ni ngombwa nko guhitamo ibikoresho byiza. Kwirinda ibibazo bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho nko gushyira muburyo bwihuse, gushyiramo bidakwiye, kwirengagiza ikibanza cyo hejuru, no kwirengagiza kwaguka k'umuriro bituma igisenge cyigihe kirekire, kirinda kumeneka, kandi kigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.
Mugusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bisanzwe, abafite imitungo, abubatsi, naba rwiyemezamirimo barashobora gufata ingamba zifatika zo kurinda ishoramari ryabo. Gufatanya nabahinguzi bazwi, nka Shandong Sino Steel Co., Ltd, itanga uburyo bwo kubona amabati meza yo hejuru yo hejuru hamwe ninkunga ya tekiniki, ifasha kugera kubisenge byizewe, biramba, kandi bishimishije.
Witondere neza gufata neza ibikoresho, guhuza, guhuza, hamwe nubuyobozi bukora bizemerera amabati yawe hejuru yicyuma gutanga imyaka mirongo yo kurinda, gukoresha ingufu, namahoro yo mumutima, bigatuma igishoro cyawe cyo hejuru gishora agaciro.
