Amashidi okufulela ensimbi, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amashidi okufulela, asephenduke into ekhethwayo kuzo zombili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezokuhwebelana ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuvelele, ukukhanga kobuhle, nempilo ende yesevisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokufulela zendabuko ezifana nama-asphalt shingles noma amathayela obumba, amashidi okufulela ensimbi anikeza ukumelana okuphezulu nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ukugqwala, umlilo, nokucindezeleka kwemishini. Isakhiwo sabo esingasindi kodwa esiqinile sivumela ukufakwa kalula futhi sinciphise umthwalo ophelele wezinhlaka zokwakha.
Nokho, ngisho ne- amashidi okufulela ensimbi ekhwalithi ephezulu angahluleka ukuletha amandla awo aphelele uma engafakwanga kahle. Ukufakwa okungafanele kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuvuza, ukulimala kwesakhiwo, ukuguga okusheshayo, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ezikhuphukayo. Kwezinye izimo, amaphutha amancane okufaka angase angabonakali ngokushesha kodwa angabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside eziphazamisa ukusebenza kophahla kanye nokuphepha kwabahlali besakhiwo.
Ukuqonda izinkinga zokufaka ezivamile kubalulekile kubanikazi bezakhiwo, abaklami bezakhiwo, nosonkontileka. Ukuqaphela lezi zingibe kungavimbela ukulungiswa okumba eqolo, kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kophahla, futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kokufulela kunikeza inani lesikhathi eside. Izigaba ezilandelayo zinemininingwane yezinkinga ezivame ukuhlangatshezwana nazo phakathi nokufakwa kwamashidi okufulela, zichaza izimbangela zazo, imiphumela engaba khona, nokuthi kungani kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela.
Izinkinga Zokufaka Ezivamile
Inkinga 1: Ukubekwa Okungalungile Kwe-Fastener
Elinye lamaphutha avamile nelilimazayo ku ukufakwa kweshidi lokufulela ukubekwa kwe-fastener okungalungile. Izinto zokubopha — njengezikulufu, amabhawodi, noma izinzipho — zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubambeni amashidi ngokuvikelekile kuhlaka olungaphansi noma ama-purlin. Ngisho namaphutha amancane ekubekeni kwazo, isikhala, noma ekukhetheni kungalimaza lonke uhlelo lokufulela.
Izibophelelo ezifakwe ngokungalungile ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinkinga ezinjengokubeka izikulufu eduze kakhulu namaphethelo eshidi, ukusebenzisa izixhumi ezinde kakhulu noma ezimfushane kakhulu, noma ukwehluleka ukugcina isikhala esingaguquki kuwo wonke amaphaneli. Lawa maphutha amancane angaholela emiphumeleni engathi sína: amaphaneli angase akhululeke ngaphansi kwemimoya enamandla, amanzi angangena ngezikhala ezincane, futhi isakhiwo sophahla jikelele singaba buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Elinye iphutha elivamile ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lwesixhumi — isibonelo, izikulufu zokhuni ohlakeni lwensimbi noma izixhumi ezenziwe ngezinto ezingahambelani ezikhuthaza ukugqwala. Ukuqiniswa ngokweqile kuyingozi ngendlela efanayo, njengoba kungonakalisa ingaphezulu leshidi, kuchoboze iwasha, noma konakalise okunamathelayo okuyisivikelo, kudale izindawo zokungena zomswakama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqinisa kancane kungabangela amashidi adlidlize, axege, futhi ekugcineni ahlehle ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesimo sezulu.
Ukuvimbela okungcono kakhulu ukunamathela ngokuqinile eziqondisweni zomkhiqizi. Umkhiqizo ngamunye weshidi lokufulela ufika nesikhala esinconyiwe se-fastener, uhlobo, nezilungiselelo zetorque. Abafaki kufanele basebenzise amathuluzi alinganisiwe ukuze bathole itorque efanele futhi bahlole ukuqondanisa njalo phakathi nokufakwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa kokubili ukuzinza kwemishini kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside okungangeni amanzi.
Inkinga 2: Ukweqa noma Ukugqoka Ngaphansi Okungafanele
I-underlayment isebenza njengesendlalelo sokuvikela esifihliwe sophahla - umgoqo ovimbela ukungena komswakama ngaphansi kwamaphaneli ophahla. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa okuningi akuhambanga kahle ngoba abafaki bangaseqa lesi sinyathelo ngokuphelele noma bahluleke ukukufaka kahle.
Uma ukumbozwa ngaphansi kukhishiwe, noma yikuphi ukujiya noma ukugeleza kwamanzi okungena ngamajoyinti noma ukugqagqana kungafinyelela ophahleni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kubangela ukubola kwezinkuni, ukugqwala, ukukhula kwesikhunta, ngisho nokuba buthakathaka kwesakhiwo. Ukufakwa kwezingubo zangaphansi ezingafanele nakho kungaba yinkinga - imibimbi, amabhamuza omoya, noma izindawo ezingalingani zingakha amaphakethe abamba amanzi, okuholela ekuvuzeni nasekuwohlokeni ngokushesha.
Isihluthulelo sokugwema lezi zinkinga sisekukhethweni okulungile nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingaphansi kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kufanele ibekwe isicaba, ingabi nemibimbi, futhi idlulelane ngokwanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumbozwa okuphelele. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile izigodi, amagquma, namajoyinti lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kugxile khona. Ezindaweni ezinemvula ephezulu noma iqhwa elilayishiwe, ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi noma izembozo zangaphansi zokwenziwa zinconywa kakhulu ukuze kuvikelwe okwengeziwe.
Inkinga 3: Ukuziba Izidingo Ze-Roof Pitch
I-roof pitch, noma i-engeli yeslope, iyisici esibalulekile sokuklama esinquma ukuthi amanzi nemfucumfucu kuchithwa kahle kangakanani ophahleni. I-pitch engajulile noma ebalwe ngokungalungile ingenye yamaphutha okufaka anganakwa kakhulu lapho usebenza nezinsimbi zokufulela.
Lapho umthambeka ophahleni unganele, amanzi emvula awakwazi ukudonsa ngokuphumelelayo futhi ajwayele ukunqwabelana phezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, la manzi amile asheshisa ukugqwala, akhuthaze ukwakheka kolwelwe, futhi andise ingozi yokuvuza ngemithungo noma izimbobo zokubopha. Ukunqwabelana kwesithwathwa kungase kuqhubekisele phambili inkinga ngokwengeza isisindo esiningi kanye nokuchayeka komswakama.
Uhlobo ngalunye lweshidi lokufulela lunesidingo esincane sokuthambeka esinconywe ngumkhiqizi. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zici kusho ukuthi uphahla ngeke lusebenze ngendlela ehlosiwe. Ukuze uvimbele izinkinga zokudonsa amanzi, abafakeli kufanele bahlale bebala kahle i-pitch yophahla ngaphambi kokufaka futhi, uma kunesidingo, bengeze izisekelo zesakhiwo noma ulwelwesi oluyisipesheli lokuvikela amanzi ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi.
Inkinga 4: Ukufakwa Okukhanyayo Okungalungile
Ukucwebezela kuyisici esibalulekile sanoma iyiphi isistimu yokufulela - ivala izindawo ezisengozini njengamajoyinti, amagquma, izigodi, nokungena kophahla eduze koshimula noma izintuba. Ngeshwa, ukufakwa okukhanyayo okungalungile kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuvuza ezinhlelweni zamashidi ophahla.
Amaphutha ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lwezinto ezikhanyayo, ukunganaki ukuvala imiphetho kahle, noma ukusika amakhona lapho kugqagqana izigaba. Lawa maphutha adala izindlela zokungena kwamanzi, okuholela ekugqwaleni, ekulimaleni kwe-insulation, kanye nokuvuza kwangaphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umswakama oboshiwe ungabangela ukubola kwezinkuni zesakhiwo futhi ukhuthaze ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Ukufakwa okukhanyayo okukhanyayo kudinga ukulinganiswa okunembile, ukusika, nokuvala uphawu. Abafaki kufanele basebenzise izinto ezihambisana neshidi lokufulela ukuze bagweme ukugqwala kwe-galvanic — isibonelo, ukukhanya kwe-aluminium akufanele kubhangqwe namashidi ophahla ethusi. Ukwengeza, wonke ama-seams namajoyinti kufanele afakwe uphawu ngezinsimbi ezigunyaziwe futhi afakwe ngokuya ngamazinga womkhiqizi noma wemboni.
Inkinga 5: Ukusebenzisa Izinto Ezingahambelani
Iphutha elingabonakali kancane kodwa elilimaza kakhulu ukuxuba izinto ezingahambelani. Izifaki eziningi azibukeli phansi ukuthi izinsimbi ezihlukene zisebenzisana kanjani. Lapho izinsimbi ezimbili ezingafani zihlangana, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical okwaziwa ngokuthi i-galvanic corrosion kungenzeka - ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona umswakama.
Isibonelo, ukumatanisa amashidi ensimbi anezinsimbi zethusi ezikhanyayo noma izixhumi ze-aluminium kungabangela ukuba enye yezinsimbi igle ngokushesha. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezinamathelayo ezingahambelani, noma ama-sealant kungonakalisa isiphetho sokuvikela seshidi lokufulela. Umphumela uba ukugqwala, ukushintsha kombala, kanye nempilo yophahla enciphe kakhulu.
Ukuze ugweme lokhu kungahambisani kwamakhemikhali, izifaki kufanele zibhekisele kumadokhumenti omkhiqizi ezintweni ezigunyaziwe. Zonke izingxenye - kusukela kuzibophelelo nama-sealant kuya kuzingqimba zokufakelwa - kufanele zikhethwe ngokusekelwe ekusebenzisaneni okuqinisekisiwe. Ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo sokuqapha kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo futhi kugcina ukukhanga okubonakalayo kophahla.
Inkinga yesi-6: Ukunganaki Ukunwetshwa Kwezifudumezi
Amashidi okufulela ensimbi ayanda futhi ancipha njengoba amazinga okushisa eshintshashintsha usuku lonke nezinkathi zonyaka. Ukunganaki lesi sigameko semvelo ngesikhathi sokufakwa kuyiphutha elibucayi elingaholela ekucindezelekeni kwesakhiwo kanye nokulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Uma ukwanda okushisayo kubalwa kahle, amashidi okufulela angase asonte, abophe, noma asuke kuzinto zokubopha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunyakaza kungadala izikhala kuma-seams, ukukhulula izikulufu, noma ukuhlanekezela amaphaneli, okuvumela ukungena kwamanzi kanye nokulimala komoya.
Indlela efanele iwukuklama ukufaka okuhambisana nokunyakaza kwe-thermal. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngezikhala zokunweba phakathi kwamaphaneli, ukusebenzisa izixhumi ezivumelana nezimo noma iziqeshana ezislayidayo, nokulandela izicaciso zomkhiqizi zemikhawulo yobude bephaneli. Amanye amasistimu esimanje aze afake izimbobo ezifakwe ngaphakathi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi noma amajoyinti okunyakaza ashisayo ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokulungisa nakho kuyalulekwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinsimbi zihlala zivikelekile futhi ukunyakaza kuhlala kungaphazamiseki.
Inkinga yesi-7: Ukuphatha Okungafanele kanye Nesitoreji
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukufakwa kuqale, ukuphathwa kabi nokugcinwa okungafanele kwamashidi okufulela kungaholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza zesikhathi eside. Amaphaneli ensimbi angase abonakale eqinile, kodwa asengozini yokulimala phezulu, amabobo, nemihuzuko uma engelashwanga kahle.
Ukuhudula amaphaneli ezindaweni ezimahhadlahhadla, ukuwapakisha ngokungalingani, noma ukuwabeka emvuleni nasemswakeni ngaphambi kokufakwa konke kungabangela ukugqwala noma ukubola. Uma ukumboza kusengozini, ukugqwala kungakhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezisogwini.
Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, amashidi okufulela kufanele ahlale egcinwe ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi, eziphakanyiswe phansi, futhi zimbozwe ukuze zivikeleke kumswakama nokungcola. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, amashidi kufanele avikelwe ukugwema ukugudluzwa noma ukukhuhlana. Izisebenzi kufanele ziwaphathe ngamagilavu ahlanzekile futhi zigweme ukubeka amathuluzi asindayo noma izinto zokusebenza phezu kwezitaki.
Inkinga yesi-8: Ukungaqondani Okungalungile Nokugqagqana
Ukuqondanisa nokugqagqana kuyizici ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kophahla kanye nokuvumelana kokubukwayo. Amashidi angaqondani kahle angaholela ekugelezeni kwamanzi okungalingani, izikhala, nemigqa yophahla engathandeki. Ukushayisana okunganele phakathi kwamashidi noma ama-ridge kuyimbangela enkulu yokuvuza, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwemvula eqhutshwa umoya.
Uma ukugqagqana kukufushane kakhulu, isenzo se-capillary singadonsela amanzi phezulu abe yimithungo. Ngokunjalo, amashidi angaqondani kahle angashiya izikhala ezidaluliwe ezenza buthaka ukumelana nomoya kanye nokuzinza okuphelele kophahla. Ngisho nokungahambi kahle okuncane kunqwabelana phakathi kophahla olukhulu, okudala ukusebenza okukhulu nezinkinga zobuhle.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuqondanisa okufanele kuhilela ukusebenzisa imigqa kashoki noma iziqondiso ze-laser ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Izilinganiso zokugqagqana kufanele zilandele ngokuqinile izicaciso zomkhiqizi - ngokuvamile ubuncane be-ridge eyodwa egcwele noma ukubola, kuye ngohlobo lwephaneli. Ukunakekela okwengeziwe ekuhleleni ngesikhathi sokufakwa kuzokonga ukulungiswa okumba eqolo esikhathini esizayo.
Inkinga 9: Ukuqiniswa Kwezibophelelo Okwanele
Ukuqinisa izinto zokubopha ngendlela efanele kungase kuzwakale kulula, kodwa kungenye yezici ezibukelwa phansi kakhulu zokufakwa kwamashidi ophahla. Uma izinto zokubopha zingaqiniswe kancane, amaphaneli angaphakama phakathi nomoya onamandla, abangele umsindo wokudlidliza kanye nokuvuza okungenzeka. Ukuqinisa ngokweqile, nokho, kungakhumula izintambo, kuhlanekezele ishidi, futhi kulimaze amawasha, kubeke engcupheni uphawu olungangenisi amanzi.
Kokubili okudlulele kunganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kophahla futhi kuholele ezinseleleni zokunakekela. Ukhiye ukuzuza itorque engaguquki, emaphakathi - iqine ngokwanele ukubamba ishidi ngokuqinile ngaphandle kokulichoboza. Abafaki kufanele basebenzise izinsimbi ezilawulwa yi-torque noma izishayeli ezilinganisiwe ukuze baqinisekise ukunemba. Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile nakho kuyanconywa, njengoba izinsimbi zingaxegisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokudlidliza nokunyakaza okushisayo.
Isiphetho
Ukufakwa kahle kwamashidi okufulela kubaluleke kakhulu njengokukhetha izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukugwema izinkinga zokufaka ezivamile ezifana nokubekwa kwe-fastener okungalungile, ukubeka ngaphansi okungafanele, ukuziba ukuphakama kophahla, nokunganaki ukunwetshwa okushisayo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kophahla lwesikhathi eside, kuvimbela ukuvuza, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa.
Ngokuqonda lezi zinkinga ezivamile, abanikazi bezakhiwo, abaklami bezakhiwo, nosonkontileka bangathatha izinyathelo eziqinile ukuze bavikele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kophahla. Ukubambisana nabakhiqizi abahloniphekile, abafana ne-Shandong Sino Steel Co., Ltd, kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kumashidi okufulela ekhwalithi ephezulu nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe, okusiza ukufeza ukufakwa okuthembekile, okuhlala isikhathi eside, nokujabulisa ngobuhle.
Ukunaka ngokucophelela ukuphatha, ukuqondanisa, ukuhambisana, kanye nemihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi kuzovumela amashidi akho okufulela ensimbi ukuthi akunikeze amashumi eminyaka okuvikela, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokuthula kwengqondo, okwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakho kophahla kube nenzuzo.
