Gucukura umwobo usukuye, uzengurutse neza mumpapuro zidafite ingese birashobora kumva biteye ubwoba. Ibikoresho bizwiho imbaraga nigihe kirekire, nibyiza kumushinga wawe ariko bigoye kubibazo byawe. Benshi ba DIYers ndetse nababihimbano babizobereyemo barwana, akenshi bikarangira bituzuye, umwobo wuzuye, hamwe no gucika intege.
Ariko tuvuge iki niba ushobora kwiga amabanga yo gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda neza mugihe cyambere wagerageje? Aka gatabo kazakwereka neza uko wabikora. Tuzasobanura siyanse yinyuma yimpamvu itagira umwanda, dusabe ibikoresho byiza kumurimo, kandi dutange intambwe-ku-ntambwe amabwiriza yo kurangiza nta nenge. Mugihe cyimpera yiyi nyandiko, uzaba ufite ikizere nubumenyi bwo guhangana numushinga wose wo gucukura ibyuma.
Muri iyi artcile, uziga:
Umutekano & Umushinga
Impamvu gucukura ibyuma bitagira umuyonga biroroshye: Gukora akazi birasobanuwe
Ibikoresho bikora byo gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda
Imiterere, Gufata & Ubuyobozi
Guhitamo Imashini & Gushiraho Umuvuduko
Kugaburira & Cooling
Intambwe ku yindi: Gucukura umwobo muto (Uburyo bwa Twist Drill Method)
Intambwe ku yindi: Gukata umwobo munini (Uburyo bwo Kubona)
Intambwe ku yindi: Uburyo bw'urupapuro ruto (Intambwe Bit)
Urutonde rwanyuma rwumutekano
Ibibazo: Nigute ushobora gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda
Mbere yo Gutangira: Umutekano & Umushinga Scope
Kwitegura nurufunguzo rwo gutsinda n'umutekano. Mbere yuko utekereza no gucukura, fata akanya ushireho aho ukorera kandi wumve aho umushinga wawe ugeze.
Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE):
Kurinda Amaso: Buri gihe wambare ibirahure byumutekano. Gucukura umuvuduko ukabije birashobora gutera ibyuma cyangwa ndetse na bito yafashwe biguruka bigana mumaso yawe.
Gants: Wambare uturindantoki two gukora kugirango urinde amaboko yawe impande zisharira hamwe nicyuma gishyushye.
Kurinda ugutwi: Gucukura bitera urusaku rukomeye, bityo gutwi cyangwa gutwi birasabwa cyane cyane kumasomo maremare.
Umwanya wakazi:
Menya neza ko aho ukorera uhagaze neza, ucanwa neza, kandi udafunze.
Urupapuro rutagira ingese rugomba gufatirwa neza hejuru yubutaka kugirango birinde kuzunguruka no gukomeretsa.
Umushinga:
Ubunini bwurupapuro: Ubunini bwurupapuro rwicyuma ruzagira ingaruka ku guhitamo ibikoresho nubuhanga.
Umwobo Diameter: Urimo gucukura 1/8 'umwobo cyangwa gufungura 2 '? Ingano yumwobo itegeka ubwoko bwikata uzakenera.
Ubwiza bwa Edge: Sobanura intego yawe. Ukeneye umwobo woroshye, utarimo burr kugirango urangire-urangije, cyangwa umwobo ukora urahagije?
Impamvu gucukura ibyuma bitagira umuyonga biragoye: Gukora akazi birasobanuwe
Niba warigeze kugerageza gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nuburyo bwihuse ukoresha kubiti cyangwa ibyuma byoroshye, birashoboka ko wabonye akazi gakomeye. Nimpamvu yambere ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite izina ryo kuba bigoye gucukura.
Gukomera ku kazi ni ibintu aho ubuso bw'icyuma bugora cyane iyo bikorewe ubushyuhe no guterana amagambo. Iyo imyitozo ya biti izunguruka vuba cyangwa ikanyerera hejuru idakatiye, itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubu bushyuhe buhindura imiterere ya kristaline yicyuma kitagira umwanda kuri kiriya kibanza cyihariye, bigatuma bigora cyane kuruta ibikoresho bikikije. Iyo ubuso bumaze gukomera, cyangwa 'gusiga, ' ntibishoboka rwose gucukura hamwe nibisanzwe.
Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, ugomba kumenya amahame atatu yingenzi:
Umuvuduko muke (RPM): Kwihuta gahoro gahoro bitanga ubushyuhe buke.
Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kugaburira: Umuvuduko uhamye, uhoraho uremeza ko biti bikata cyane kandi bigakuraho ibikoresho, ntabwo byikubita hejuru gusa.
Amavuta akomeje: Guhora utanga amazi yo gukonjesha bikonjesha bito hamwe nakazi, kugabanya guterana no gukuraho chip.
Ibikoresho bikora byo gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda
Gukoresha igikoresho cyiza ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintambara. Hano haribikoresho byiza byo gukora umwobo mumpapuro zidafite ingese.
Twist Drill Bits
Igikoresho gisanzwe cyo gucukura, ariko ntabwo byose bigoretse byakozwe kimwe.
Icyuma cyihuta cyane (HSS): Bisanzwe, biti HSS biti birashobora gukora kumyobo mike mubyuma bito bitagira umuyonga niba ukurikije tekinike ikwiye (umuvuduko muke, umuvuduko mwinshi, amavuta menshi). Ariko, biratinda vuba.
Cobalt (M35 / M42): Ubu ni bwo buryo bwo guhitamo ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Cobalt bits ni umusemburo wa HSS na 5-8% cobalt, bigatuma barwanya cyane ubushyuhe no gukuramo. Bafashe inkombe ndende mugihe cyo gucukura ibikoresho bikomeye.
Carbide: Kubikorwa-biremereye, imirimo yo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi, bits ya karbide ikomeye niyo nzira yo hejuru. Birakomeye cyane kandi birwanya ubushyuhe ariko nanone biravunika kandi bihenze. Byakoreshejwe neza muburyo bukomeye nka kanda ya drill.
Ipitingi (urugero, TiAlN): Titanium Aluminium Nitride (TiAlN) ni igipfundikizo cyongeramo urwego rwo kurwanya ubushyuhe, bikongera ubuzima bwa bits ya cobalt. Ntabwo asimbuye ibikoresho byiza ahubwo ni agaciro keza.
Intambwe Zitobora
Utwo dusimba tumeze nka cone ni byiza kurema umwobo usukuye, utarimo burr mu mabati yoroheje (mubisanzwe 1/8 'cyangwa yoroheje).
Igikorwa kimwe-Pass: Intambwe imwe bito irashobora gukora umwobo wubunini butandukanye udakeneye guhindura bits.
Yubatswe muri Deburring: Mugihe ugenda utera intambwe ikurikira, inkombe yintambwe ihita itobora umwobo waremye.
Isuku n'Uruziga: Bafite ubuhanga bwo gukora umwobo uzengurutse neza badafashe cyangwa ngo batanyagure ibintu bito.
Umwobo Wabonye / Gukata buri mwaka
Ku mwobo munini wa diameter (muri rusange hejuru ya 1/2 '), umwobo wabonye nigikoresho cyiza cyane. Gabanya gusa perimetero yumwobo, hasigara ' slug 'yibikoresho bishobora gukurwaho.
Bi-Metal Hole Saws: Izi zifite amenyo ya HSS kandi nuburyo bwiza, buhendutse bwo gukoresha rimwe na rimwe.
Carbide-Amenyo Yinyo Yabonye: Izi nizo guhitamo gusumba ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Amenyo ya karbide agumaho igihe kirekire kandi agabanya cyane, bigatuma inzira yihuta kandi isukuye.
Arbor na Pilote Bit: Urwobo rwometse kuri arbor, rufite imyitozo ya pilote. Umuderevu biti ayobora ibiti kandi bikomeza.
Irinde Gushiraho Flimsy: Guma kure yahendutse, ifunguye-ikariso ibonye ibikoresho. Bakunda kuganira, guhindagurika, no gutwika ibikoresho aho kubikata. Shora muburyo bwiza, umwobo ukomeye.
Imiterere, Gufata & Ubuyobozi
Ukuri gutangira mbere yimyitozo ifunguye.
Shyira ikimenyetso cyawe: Koresha ikimenyetso gihoraho hamwe numutegetsi kugirango ushire akamenyetso hagati yumwobo wawe.
Hagati ya Centre: Koresha icyuma cyikora cyangwa intoki hagati kugirango ukore dimple ntoya ku kimenyetso cyawe. Uku kwerekana ni ngombwa; birinda imyitozo bito 'kugenda ' cyangwa kuzerera hejuru iyo utangiye gucukura.
Fata neza: Shyira urupapuro rutagira umwanda ku kazi kawe. Ntuzigere ugerageza gufata urupapuro mukiganza. Iyo biti bimenetse, birashobora gukurura ibikoresho no kuzunguruka n'imbaraga ziteye akaga.
Koresha Inyuma: Shyira igice cyibiti cyangwa plastike munsi yurupapuro rwumuringa munsi yumwobo. Uyu mugongo atanga inkunga nkuko imyitozo ya biti isohoka, igabanya cyane ubunini bwa burr kuruhande rwinyuma.
Umwobo wa Pilote: Kubyobo binini birenze 3/8 ', kubanza gucukura umwobo muto windege (urugero, 1/8 ') bituma umwitozo wanyuma ucungwa neza kandi neza.
Guhitamo Imashini & Gushiraho
Guhitamo imyitozo - gukanda cyangwa gukanda imashini - bigira ingaruka kubisubizo n'ibisubizo.
Imyitozo y'intoki: Imyitozo ihindagurika-yihuta y'intoki irashobora gukora, ariko bisaba ubuhanga bwo gukomeza umuvuduko muke, uhoraho hamwe nigitutu gihamye. Koresha umwitozo ufite igenamigambi ryiza.
Imashini ya drill: Imashini ikora imyitozo irasabwa cyane gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Itanga ubukana buhebuje, igufasha gushyiraho umuvuduko muke muto, kandi byoroshe gukoresha umuvuduko uhoraho ukoresheje ikigaburo. Imyitozo ikomeye ikanda hamwe nuburebure bwimbitse hamwe nameza ashobora guhinduka atanga igenzura ryinshi.
Utitaye kubyo wahisemo, menya neza ko imashini ifite ubushobozi bwihuta bushobora kugabanuka kumanuka, cyane cyane kubatema binini (munsi ya 300 RPM).
Umuvuduko, Kugaburira & Gukonja
Iki nigice cyingenzi cya tekinike. Ibuka itegeko: Komeza gukonja, komeza ugabanye.
Umuvuduko (RPM): Ninini ya diameter yikata, RPM igomba kugenda gahoro. Gusunika binini cyane byihuse nuburyo bwizewe bwo kubyara ubushyuhe bukabije no gukora-gukomera ibyuma.
Kugaburira (Umuvuduko): Koresha igitutu gihamye, gihamye. Ugomba kubona imitwe ikomeza cyangwa izenguruka ibyuma biva kuri bito. Niba utanga umukungugu gusa cyangwa bito biratontoma gusa, urimo gukanda, ntabwo ukata. Ongera igitutu cyangwa urebe niba biti yawe idahwitse.
Gukonjesha (Amavuta): Gukomeza amavuta ntibishoboka. Gukata amavuta nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo. Muri make, amavuta ya moteri cyangwa na WD-40 irashobora gukora. Intego nugukomeza isonga rya biti no gukata igihe cyose. Kuruhuka kenshi kumagambo maremare kugirango usubiremo amavuta meza kandi meza.
Reba Imvugo Yimyitozo ya Twist mumashanyarazi:
1/8 'diameter: 1200-22000 RPM
1/4 'diameter: 800–1200 RPM
3/8 'diameter: 400–800 RPM
1/2 'diameter: 300–600 RPM
Intambwe ku yindi: Gucukura umwobo muto (Uburyo bwa Twist Drill Method)
Ikimenyetso & Gukubita: Shyira akamenyetso neza kandi hagati-gukubita umwobo.
Clamp & Lube: Fata neza urupapuro ukoresheje ikibaho cyinyuma. Koresha umubare munini wo gukata amavuta kumurongo wacumiswe.
Imyitozo: Tangira imyitozo ku ntego itinda RPM. Koresha igitutu gihamye, gihamye kugeza ubonye chip zihoraho.
Komeza Itose: Komeza ushyireho amavuta yo gukata. Kubyobo byimbitse, koresha icyerekezo cya 'pecking ' - gucukura amasegonda make, gukuramo bito kugirango ukureho chip, hanyuma wongere kwishora. Ibi birinda chip gufunga umwobo no gutera ubushyuhe.
Gucamo Binyuze: Korohereza igitutu nkuko biti bigiye guca kurundi ruhande kugirango ugabanye gusohoka burr.
Deburr: Koresha igikoresho cyo gusiba, bito yo kubara, cyangwa bito binini kugirango uhindure byoroheje impande zombi z'umwobo kugirango urangire neza, wabigize umwuga.
Intambwe ku yindi: Gukata umwobo munini (Uburyo bwo Kubona)
Umudereva Banza: Siba umwobo windege ukoresheje bito ya drill bit ihuye nubunini bwumwobo wawe wabonye arbor pilote.
Setup & Lube: Shyira umwobo wabonye kuri arbor. Koresha amavuta yo gukata kumenyo yumwobo wabonye no mu mwobo windege.
Buhoro & Buhamye: Koresha imyitozo kumuvuduko gahoro cyane. Koresha igitutu gihoraho, gihamye kugirango ureke amenyo ya karbide aruma mubyuma. Ntukihute.
Gira ubukonje: Inzira izatanga ubushyuhe bugaragara. Hagarika burigihe kugirango ureke igikoresho nigikorwa gikonje hanyuma wongere ukoreshe amavuta kumurongo uciwe (kerf).
Kuraho Slug: Umwobo umaze gucibwa, icyuma 'slug ' imbere yicyuma gishobora kuba gishyushye kandi gityaye. Kuraho neza hamwe na pliers.
Deburr: Gusiba byoroheje inkombe yumwobo hamwe na dosiye cyangwa bito bito.
Intambwe ku yindi: Uburyo bw'urupapuro ruto (Intambwe Bit)
Kurinda & Gukubita: Koresha kaseti yo gushushanya hejuru yumwobo kugirango wirinde gushushanya. Hagati-gukubita ikimenyetso cyawe ukoresheje kaseti.
Amavuta & Drill: Koresha amavuta yo gukata. Ukoresheje imashini cyangwa imyitozo y'intoki, tangira gucukura. Emera intambwe bito gutera imbere muri buri ntambwe kugeza ugeze kuri diameter yawe.
Kuruhuka gukonja: Ndetse hamwe nintambwe bito, hagarara gato hagati yintambwe kugirango wemerere bito gukonja, cyane cyane kumpapuro ndende.
Kugenzura: Intambwe yanyuma kuri biti izakora nkigikoresho cyo gusubiramo. Bimaze gukorwa, kura kaseti, uhanagura hejuru, hanyuma ugenzure umwobo wawe uzengurutse neza.
Urutonde rwanyuma rwumutekano
Ongera usuzume uru rutonde igihe cyose ucukuye:
PPE iri kuri (amaso, amaboko, amatwi).
Nta myenda irekuye, imitako, cyangwa umusatsi muremure ushobora gufatwa.
Urupapuro rwakazi rufunze neza.
Ufite imyifatire ihamye hamwe no kugenzura amaboko abiri yo kwitoza intoki.
Urimo gucunga neza ubushyuhe hamwe na chip hamwe na lubricant.
Koresha pliers kugirango ukemure bits zishyushye cyangwa ibyuma.
Ibibazo: Nigute ushobora gucukura ibyuma bitagira umwanda
Imyitozo ya HSS isanzwe irashobora gukora?
Nibyo, kumwobo umwe cyangwa ibiri ntoya mubintu bito, biti cyane HSS biti birashobora gukora niba ukoresheje umuvuduko mwinshi cyane, umuvuduko uhamye, hamwe namavuta menshi yo gukata. Ariko, bizacika intege vuba. Kubyobo byinshi cyangwa ibyuma binini, cobalt irasabwa cyane.
Ni ryari nshobora guhindukira kuri cobalt cyangwa karbide bit?
Hindura kuri cobalt kumushinga uwo ariwo wose urimo ibirenga bibiri cyangwa ibinure birenze 1/16 '. Koresha karbide kugirango ube mwinshi cyane, usubiramo inshuro nyinshi muburyo bw'umwuga aho ubuzima bwibikoresho n'umuvuduko ari ngombwa.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gusiga amavuta kandi ni kangahe nabisubiramo?
Amavuta yo gukata ya sulfuru ni meza. Ongera ubisubiremo buri gihe cyangwa buri masegonda 5-10 yo gucukura kugirango ugabanye inkombe. Intego ni ukubuza biti guhora byumye kubikoresho.
Niki RPM nkwiye gukoresha kuri 1/2 'umwobo wabonye?
Kuri 1/2 'umwobo wabonye mumpapuro 304 zidafite ingese, ugamije umuvuduko gahoro cyane, mubisanzwe hagati ya 300 na 600 RPM. Buhoro buhoro burigihe burinda umutekano kandi neza.
Nigute nakosora akazi gakomeye iyo gatangiye?
Iyo ikibanza kimaze gukomera, biragoye cyane gucukura. Urashobora kugerageza guhinduranya ibintu bishya, bikarishye cyane cobalt cyangwa karbide biti hanyuma ugashyiraho umuvuduko uremereye cyane kumuvuduko mwinshi. Rimwe na rimwe, ibi birashobora 'kuruma ' munsi yikomye. Niba ibyo binaniwe, ushobora gukenera guhuza ikibanza ukoresheje itara cyangwa gutangira hejuru.
Imyitozo idafite umugozi izakora akazi?
Imyitozo yo mu rwego rwohejuru idafite umugozi hamwe na torque nziza kandi igenzura umuvuduko urashobora gukora, cyane cyane kubyobo bito. Menya neza ko bateri yuzuye kandi ukoreshe igenamigambi ryo hasi. Kubyobo binini bisaba umuvuduko muke wihuta, umuvuduko wumugozi cyangwa imashini ikora ni amahitamo meza.
Nkeneye gutobora umwobo nyuma yo gucukura ibyokurya byo murwego rwo hejuru?
Yego. Gucukura birashobora gushiramo uduce duto duto twicyuma mubyuma bidafite ingese, bishobora guhinduka ikibanza cy ingese. Kubiribwa-byokurya cyangwa isuku, ugomba gusukura umwobo ukawuvura ukoresheje aside passivasi (nka acide citric) kugirango ugarure ibintu byose birwanya ruswa.
Fata Igenzura Ryumushinga Ukurikira
Gucukura ibyuma bidafite ingese ntabwo bivuze imbaraga za brute; bijyanye na tekinike. Mugusobanukirwa ihame ryimirimo ikomantaje kandi ukiyemeza uburyo 'buke kandi buhoro ' hamwe namavuta menshi, urashobora guhindura umurimo utesha umutwe ukaba uwuzuye. Witwaje ibikoresho nubumenyi bukwiye, ubu ufite icyo bisaba kugirango ukore umwobo usukuye, utomoye muri kimwe mubikoresho byinshi ku isi.
