Intsimbi ekhandiweyo kudala ilitye lembombo kulwakhiwo, ukuveliswa, kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kokuxhathisa ukudleka. Inkqubo yokwenza i-galvanization ibandakanya ukugquma intsimbi kunye nomgangatho okhuselayo we-zinc ukukhusela ukurusa. Noko ke, umbuzo oqhelekileyo uyaphakama: Ngaba intsimbi enamazisi iyarusa? Ukuqonda iipropathi zentsimbi ekhandiweyo kubalulekile kwiinjineli, abayili bezakhiwo, kunye nabasebenzi beshishini abaxhomekeke ekomeleleni kwayo. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kubugocigoci bentsimbi enamatyheli, liphonononga ukuxhathisa kwayo kokutya, iimeko apho inokugqwala khona, kunye nezona ndlela zilungileyo zokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuphonononga imigaqo-siseko ye-galvanization kunye nokusebenza kwayo, sijonge ukubonelela ngokuhlalutya okubanzi kwesi sixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Kwabo banomdla kwiinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe Intsimbi yeGalvanized , ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo.
Inkqubo yeGalavanization kunye neNdlela yokuKhusela
Ukuze uqonde ukuba ingaba isinyithi esivundisiweyo sinokugqwala na, kunyanzelekile ukuba uqale uqonde inkqubo yokwenziwa kwegalvanization ngokwayo. Ukuntywiliselwa kwentsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukuntywiliselwa kwentsimbi kwibhafu yezinki etyhidiweyo kumaqondo obushushu amalunga nama-450°C (842°F), indlela eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hot-dip galvanizing. I-coating ye-zinc isebenza njengesithintelo somzimba, ukukhusela izinto ezisingqongileyo ukuba ziqhagamshelane ne-substrate yensimbi. Ukongezelela, i-zinc inikeza ukhuseleko lombingelelo; xa i-coating yonakalisiwe, i-zinc corrodes ngokukhethekileyo kwintsimbi ngenxa ye-reactivity yayo ephezulu, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela intsimbi ekugqumeni.
Ngokutsho kwe-American Galvanizers Association, i-zinc layer inokwandisa ubomi bezakhiwo zetsimbi ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-50 kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye ne-20-25 iminyaka kwiindawo ezinxweme okanye zoshishino apho izinga lokubola liphezulu. Ukusebenza kwendlela yokukhusela kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa ubukhulu be-zinc coating, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nobukho bezinto ezitshabalalisayo.
Izinto EzinokuKhokelela ekuBolweni kweNtsimbi
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo
Ngelixa intsimbi yegalvanized yenzelwe ukuxhathisa i-corrosion, iimeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo zinokukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwe-coating ye-zinc, ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekugqweni kwentsimbi engaphantsi. Ukufuma okuphezulu, imvula eneasidi, ukuba sesichengeni samanzi etyuwa, kunye nezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezifana nesulfure dioxide zinokubeka esichengeni umaleko we-zinc okhuselayo. Kwiindawo zaselwandle, umzekelo, ubukho be-chloride ion kwandisa kakhulu izinga lokubola kwe-zinc. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-US Federal Highway Administration lubonisa ukuba izakhiwo zentsimbi ezifakwe igalvanized kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni zingafumana izinga eliphezulu lokudleka ngenxa yokutshizwa kwetyuwa nokufuma.
Ukonakala koomatshini kunye nokuNxitywa
Umonakalo womzimba kwi-coating ye-zinc, efana ne-scratches, i-abrasion, okanye impembelelo, inokutyhila intsimbi engaphantsi kwizinto ezidliwayo. Nangona umbingelelo we-zinc unokukhusela iindawo ezincinci zetsimbi eziveziweyo, umonakalo omkhulu unokugqithisa le mpembelelo yokukhusela. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile, ngakumbi kwizicelo apho intsimbi ingaba phantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemichiza
Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubola. Ngokomzekelo, i-acids, i-alkali, kunye ne-oxidizing agents eqinile inokusabela nge-zinc, igubungele umaleko wokukhusela. Iimeko zemizi-mveliso apho ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali kuxhaphakile kufuna amanyathelo okhuseleko olongezelelweyo okanye ezinye izinto zokuqinisekisa ubomi obude.
Izifundo ezibonisa ukuNxulumana kwiNtsimbi yeGalvanized
Imizekelo yokwenyani ibalaselisa indlela intsimbi enokugqwala ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Kuphononongo lophononongo olubandakanya imibhobho yentsimbi efakwe amazimba kwisixeko esiselunxwemeni, ukonakala okukhawulezileyo kuye kwabonwa ngenxa yokuvezwa rhoqo kumoya ogcwele ityuwa kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Nangona i-coating yokuqala yokukhusela, indawo enzima yanciphisa ubomi obulindelekileyo bemibhobho ngama-30%. Omnye umzekelo yizakhiwo zetsimbi eziphekiweyo kwiindawo zoshishino ezinamaqondo aphezulu e-sulphur dioxide. Iimeko ze-acidic zikhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-zinc sulfate, ukunciphisa umaleko okhuselayo kwaye kubangele ukwakhiwa kwe-rust kwintsimbi engaphantsi.
Ukuhlalutya iiReyithi zokuRhakala kwiiNdawo ezohlukeneyo
Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwentsimbi ekhandiweyo kwiindawo ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo, kuye kwaqhutywa izifundo zesantya sokubola kwihlabathi jikelele. Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ezinongcoliseko oluphantsi kunye neemeko ezomileyo, isantya sokubola kwezinki ezityabekayo sincinci, kaninzi singaphantsi kwe-1 µm ngonyaka. Ngokuchaseneyo, imo engqongileyo yemizi-mveliso nezaselwandle ingabonisa amazinga okonakala angaphezu kwe-4 µm ngonyaka. Idatha eqokelelwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokuqikelela ixesha lokuphila kweentsimbi ezifakwe kwi-galvanized based on environments. Umzekelo, kwimeko-bume echazwe njenge-C3 (i-atmospheres yasezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso enongcoliseko lwe-sulphur dioxide ephakathi), ubomi obulindelekileyo kulondolozo lokuqala lwe-zinc coating ye-85 µm imalunga nama-20-40 eminyaka.
Amanyathelo oThintelo kunye neZenzo ezilungileyo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo
Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olululo lwentsimbi enobumba kunye nobukhulu obufanelekileyo bokugquma. Ubunzima bokugquma, obuhlala bubonakaliswa ngeegremu ngemitha yesikwere (g/m²), bumisela umgangatho wokhuseleko. Kwiindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lokutya, ukucacisa i-zinc coating enzima kunokomeleza ukuqina. Imigangatho efana ne-ASTM A123 ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokugubungela ubukhulu obusekwe kwisicelo kunye nokuvezwa kokusingqongileyo okulindelekileyo.
Iingubo zoKhuseleko kunye neepeyinti
Ukusebenzisa iingubo ezongezelelweyo zokukhusela, njengepeyinti okanye i-powder coatings, phezu komgangatho we-galvanized unokwandisa kakhulu ubomi bentsimbi. Le nkqubo ye-duplex idibanisa ukukhuselwa kwe-zinc kunye nokukhusela umqobo wokugquma. Ngokutsho kophando olupapashwe kwi- Journal ye-Protective Coatings kunye ne-Linings , inkqubo ye-duplex inokunyusa ixesha lokuphila kwensimbi ephekiweyo ngama-1.5 ukuya kuma-2.5 amaxesha xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ye-galvanized yodwa.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye noLondolozo
Ukuhlolwa ngamaxesha kunceda ukuchonga iimpawu zokuqala zokuthotywa kwe-coating okanye umonakalo. Izenzo zokulondoloza ezifana nokucoca, ukupeyinta, kunye nokulungisa iindawo ezonakalisiweyo kunokuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kwe-corrosion. Ukuphumeza ishedyuli yokulondoloza kubaluleke kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezivezwe kwiimeko ezinzima.
Iimpembelelo zezoQoqosho zokuRhakala kweNsimbi yeeNsimbi
I-Corrosion yezakhiwo zetsimbi ineempembelelo ezibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho, kubandakanywa iindleko ezongeziweyo zokugcinwa, ukulahlekelwa kwengqibelelo yesakhiwo, kunye nobungozi obunokhuseleko. I-National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) iqikelela ukuba iindleko zokubola zibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-3% ye-GDP yehlabathi ngonyaka. Ukusebenzisa isinyithi esinezingqimba ezinemilinganiselo yokukhusela efanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ezi ndleko ngokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezakhiwo kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa. Utyalo-mali olukumgangatho ophezulu wentsimbi ekhandiweyo kunye nokugcinwa kothintelo kunokuvelisa ukonga ixesha elide kunye nokhuseleko olwandisiweyo.
Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa kunye nezinye iindlela zoKhuseleko lokuMhlwa
Ezinye iindlela zokukhusela i-corrosion ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici, i-alloys-resistant-resistant alloys, ukupenda kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic. Indlela nganye ineengenelo kunye nemida yayo. Intsimbi engatyiwayo inika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokutya kodwa ngexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Ipeyinti ibonelela ngokhuseleko lomqobo kodwa ifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo kwaye isenokunganikeli ukhuseleko lwedini njenge-zinc. Iinkqubo zokukhusela i-Cathodic ziyasebenza kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana nemibhobho kwaye zifuna ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo. Insimbi ene-galvanized ibetha ibhalansi phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza, inika ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwe-corrosion kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwiTekhnoloji yeGalvanization
Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje kubuchwephesha bokwenza igalvanization ijolise ekonyuseni uxhathiso lokutya kwentsimbi. Ubuchwephesha obufana ne-galvannealing, ebandakanya ukunyangwa kobushushu emva kokufakwa kwe-galvanization, ivelisa i-zinc-iron alloy coating enikezela ukubambelela kwepeyinti okuphuculweyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukukrazuka. Ukongezelela, ukuphuhliswa kweengubo ezikhethekileyo ze-zinc-aluminium-magnesium ibonise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela. Uphononongo oluqhutywe yi-International Zinc Association lubonise ukuba ezi zambatho ziphezulu zinokunikezela ukuya kuthi ga kathathu kuxhathiso lokutya kwegalvanization yesintu yediphu eshushu.
ImiGangatho kunye neNgcaciso eziLawula iNtsimbi yeGalvanized
Imigangatho emininzi yamazwe ngamazwe ichaza iimfuno zentsimbi ye-galvanized, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuthembeka kwisicelo sayo. Imigangatho ephambili ibandakanya:
I-ASTM A123 / A123M : Igubungela iimfuno ze-zinc (i-hot-dip galvanized) yokugqoka kwiintsimbi kunye neemveliso zetsimbi.
I-TS EN ISO 1461 : Icacisa iipropathi jikelele zokugquma kunye neendlela zovavanyo zokugquma kwentsimbi eshushu kunye nentsimbi.
I-EN 1179 : Umgangatho waseYurophu we-zinc kunye ne-zinc alloys yokwenza igalvanizing.
Ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho kuqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi esine-galvanized ihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yomgangatho wokumelana nokubola, ubuninzi bokugquma, kunye neempawu zomatshini.
Izimvo zeNgcali kunye neMibono yeShishini
Iingcali zoshishino zibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuqwalasela iimeko zokusingqongileyo xa kuchazwa intsimbi enamathanga. UGqr Michael Thompson, injineli yesinyithi eyingcali kwi-corrosion, uthi 'Nangona intsimbi ye-galvanized inika ukhuseleko olugqwesileyo kumhlwa, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo kunye neendlela zokulondoloza. Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa ngokukhawuleza ngundoqo wokwandisa ubomi bayo.'
Abavelisi bagxininisa imfuneko yemfundo malunga nokulinganiselwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwentsimbi ye-galvanized. USarah Johnson, uMlawuli woPhuhliso lweMveliso kumenzi wensimbi ohamba phambili, uthi, 'Ukuqonda izinto ezichaphazela isinyithi esine-galvanized kubalulekile kwiinjineli kunye nabaqulunqi. Ngokulungelelanisa ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, sinokuqinisekisa ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwezakhiwo zetsimbi.'
I-Case Study: Isinyithi esineGalvanized in Infrastructure Projects
Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yentsimbi kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zeziseko zophuhliso kubonisa iingenelo zayo eziphathekayo kunye nemingeni. Ngokomzekelo, iSydney Harbour Bridge, idibanisa amacandelo entsimbi aye anyamezela ukuvavanywa kwexesha ukususela ekwakhiweni kwayo ngowe-1932. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-corrosion yangaphambi kwexesha yeentsimbi ezifakwe kwi-galvanized kumacandelo athile e-San Mateo-Hayward Bridge eCalifornia ibonise imfuneko yokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okukhusela kwiindawo zaselwandle.
Izikhokelo eziSebenzayo zokuSebenzisa iNtsimbi yeGalvanized
Iingqwalasela zoyilo
Ukuyila izakhiwo kunye nokuthintela umhlwa engqondweni kubandakanya ukuvumela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukudityaniswa kwamanzi, ukuphepha ukudibanisa nesinyithi esingafaniyo esinokubangela ukuhlwa kwegalvanic, kunye nokunciphisa imingxuma apho ii-arhente ezitshabalalisayo zinokuqokelelana. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-sealants kunye noyilo oludibeneyo olufanelekileyo kunokukhusela ngakumbi amacandelo ensimbi.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokuphatha
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphathwa kweemveliso zetsimbi zentsimbi ziyimfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwangaphambi kwexesha. Iimathiriyeli kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo ezomileyo nezingena umoya kakuhle kude nezinto ezidlayo. Ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokufakwa, kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo ukuze ugweme ukulimaza i-zinc coating.
Impembelelo yeMigaqo-nkqubo yoLawulo ekuSetyenzisweni kweNtsimbi yeGalvanized
Imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo kunye nemimiselo yendalo engqongileyo ichaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi. Izithintelo ekusebenziseni izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nelothe kwi-galvanization, zikhokelele ekwamkelweni kweendlela zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo. Iikhowudi zokwakha kunye nemigangatho yoshishino ihlala ichaza ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi ye-galvanized kwizicelo ezithile, ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ukuthobela le mimiselo kubalulekile kubavelisi kunye neengcali zokwakha.
Ukujonga ikamva kunye nezikhokelo zoPhando
Uphando oluqhubayo lujolise ekomelezeni ngakumbi ukuxhathisa umhlwa kwentsimbi eyenziwe ngamagalvanized. Iingubo ezisekelwe kwi-nanotechnology zijongwa ukuze zenze i-ultrathin yokukhusela kunye neempawu zokuziphilisa. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo zokusingqongileyo ziphantsi kophuhliso ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo ye-ikholoji yokukhutshwa kwe-zinc ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zokujonga i-corrosion smart usebenzisa i-sensor ezifakwe kwizakhiwo zetsimbi kunokubonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela malunga nokunyaniseka kokugquma, okwenza izicwangciso zokulondoloza ngokukhawuleza.
Imfundo kunye noQeqesho lweeNgcali zoShishino
Ukwandiswa kwesiseko solwazi lwabayili bezakhiwo, iinjineli, kunye nabasebenzi bokwakha malunga neentsimbi ezenziwe ngamagalvanized kubalulekile ukuze zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye nezifundo zesatifikethi ezinikezelwa yimibutho yoshishino, efana ne-American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), inikezela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiipropati eziphathekayo, ukuqwalaselwa koyilo, kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo. Ukuqhubeka nemfundo kunceda iingcali ukuba zihlale zinolwazi ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nemigangatho ephuhlayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, ngelixa intsimbi ye-galvanized yenzelwe ukuxhathisa i-rust, ayikhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-corrosion phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Imiba yokusingqongileyo, umonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini, kunye nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali kunokuphazamisa umaleko we-zinc okhuselayo, okhokelela ekuruseni kwentsimbi engaphantsi. Ngokuqonda ezi zinto kunye nokuphunyezwa kweendlela ezilungileyo ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo, ukuyila, kunye nokugcinwa, ukuqina kwezakhiwo zetsimbi ezinobumba kunokwandiswa kakhulu. Inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokwenza amagala kunye nogxininiso kulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo nangakumbi kuqinisa indima yentsimbi kubunjineli bale mihla. Kumashishini kunye neengcali ezithembele Intsimbi yeGalvanized , ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo kweempawu zayo kunye nemida kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
