Icyuma cyagiye kimaze igihe kinini kikomeza kubaka, gukora, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye biteruro bitewe no kongera imbaraga kuri ruswa. Inzira yo Galvanisa ikubiyemo gutwika ibyuma hamwe na zinc ikingira zinc kugirango ikumire. Ariko, ikibazo gisanzwe kivuka: Ese ibyuma byimiterere yicyuma? Gusobanukirwa imitungo ya galeba yicyuma ni ngombwa kuba injeniyeri, abubatsi, ninzobere mu nganda zishingiye ku iramba ryayo. Iyi ngingo ihitana mu kibaya cya sitlaine, ikora ibijyanye no kurwanya ruswa, ibintu bitagenda neza, n'imikorere myiza yo gukoresha ahantu hatandukanye. Mugusuzuma amahame ngenderwaho yo kugenda no gukora neza, dufite intego yo gutanga isesengura ryuzuye ryibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane.
Kubashaka ibisobanuro birambuye hamwe nibisabwa bya Icyuma gishakisha , gusobanukirwa imyitwarire yayo mubihe bitandukanye ni ngombwa mugukora ibyemezo byuzuye muguhitamo ibikoresho.
Inzira yo gukora galvanisation hamwe nuburyo bwo kurinda
Gusobanukirwa niba ibyuma byimisozi bishobora kugenda, ni ngombwa ko zumva uburyo bwo gukora vuba. Ubusanzwe Ubusanzwe burimo kwibiza ibyuma mu bwogero bwa akingi yambaye ubusa ku bushyuhe buri hafi ya 450 ° C (842 ° F (842 ° F), uburyo buzwi ku izina ryashyushye. Zinc yo gupfobya ibikorwa nkinzitizi yumubiri, irinda ibintu bidukikije kubabaza ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, ZINC itanga uburinzi bwibitambo; Iyo igikombe cyangiritse, karode ya zinc yabanganyije ku ibyuma kubera inzira yo hejuru, bityo ikarinda ibyuma.
Dukurikije ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika b'Abanyamerika, urwego rwa zinc rushobora kwagura ubuzima bw'icyuma kigera ku myaka 50 mu cyaro n'ibidukikije mu gihe cy'inganda aho igipimo cya ruswa kiri hejuru. Ingaruka zuburyo bwo kurinda buterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ubunini bwikiro cya zinc, imiterere y'ibidukikije, hamwe nubuzima bwibidukikije.
Ibintu bishobora kuganisha ku rubavu ya gall
Imiterere y'ibidukikije
Mugihe ibyuma bitinze bigamije kurwanya ruswa, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byibidukikije birashobora kwihutisha gutesha agaciro ipfundo rya zinc, amaherezo biganisha ku rubavu rwicyuma. Imvura nyinshi, imvura ya aside, aside, amazi yumurongo, hamwe numwaka nka sulfuru dioxyde de birashobora guhungabanya imyenda yo kurinda zinc. Mu bidukikije, urugero, kuba hariho icon ya chloride yongera cyane igipimo cya korosion ya zinc. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe nubuyobozi bwimihanda ya Amerika bwerekana ko imiterere yicyuma yimyenda yirukanwe mu turere dushobora guhura nigipimo cyo hejuru cya ruswa kubera spray yumunyu nubushuhe.
Kwangirika kwa mashini no kwambara
Kwangirika kumubiri kuri zinc, nko gushushanya, gukuramo, cyangwa ingaruka, birashobora kwerekana ibyuma biri imbere kubintu byangirika. Mugihe imiterere yigitambo za zinc ishobora kurinda ahantu hato hagaragaye ibyuma bigaragaye, ibyangiritse birashobora kurenga iyi ngaruka yo kurinda. Ubugenzuzi no kubungabunga buri gihe ni ngombwa, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho ibyuma bishobora gukorerwa imihangayiko.
Guhura n'imiti
Guhura n'imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kwihutisha inzira ya ruswa. Kurugero, acide, alkalis, hamwe nubushake bukomeye bwa okiside bushobora kubyitwaramo na zinc, batanga urwego rukingira. Inganda zikora ingamba zo kwerekana imiti aribyiganjemo ingamba zo gukingira cyangwa ibikoresho byo kurengera kugirango ubehore.
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekana ibiryo muri stoel
Ingero nyazo zisi zerekana uburyo ibyuma gakomeye rishobora gutera ingengu mubihe byihariye. Mu bushakashatsi burimo imiyoboro y'icyuma gakomeye mu mujyi wa gaje mu mujyi uhimbye ku nkombe z'inyanja, yihuta kuberako kubera guhura n'umunyu-urwanira mu kirere no kwihisha. Nubwo yambaye intangiriro yo gukingira, ibidukikije bikaze byagabanije ubuzima buteganijwe bwimiyoboro 30%. Urundi rugero ninze imiterere yibyuma gakomeye munganda hamwe ninzego zisumbuye za sulfur dioxyde de dioxyde de sulfure. Imiterere ya acide yatumye habaho sulfate ya zinc, igabanya urwego rukingira kandi bigatuma habaho ingendo kubyuma biri munsi.
Gusesengura ibiciro bya ruswa mubidukikije bitandukanye
Kugereranya imikorere yibyuma byiruka ahantu hatandukanye, igipimo cyibipimo bya ruswa byakozwe kwisi yose. Mu cyaro gifite umwambaro no guhumanya hasi no kubyuka, igipimo cya ruswa cya zinc ni gito, akenshi munsi ya 1 μm kumwaka. Ibinyuranye n'inganda n'ibidukikije birashobora kwerekana igipimo cya ruswa birenga 4 μm ku mwaka. Amakuru yakusanyijwe numuryango mpuzamahanga kugirango asanzwe (ISO) atanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo guhanura ubuzima bwuzuye ibyuma byimisozi bishingiye ku cyiciro cyibidukikije. Kurugero, mubidukikije byashyizwe ahagaragara nka C3 (ikirere cyumujyi na Unganda hamwe nubuzima buteganijwe bwo kubungabunga bwa mbere kugirango habeho ya zinc ya 85 μm ni imyaka 20-40.
Ingamba zo gukumira n'imikorere myiza
Guhitamo ibintu bikwiye
Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwibyuma byimisozi hamwe nubunini bukwiye ni ngombwa. Uburemere bwo kwisiga, akenshi bugaragazwa muri garama kuri metero kare (g / m²), bigena urwego rwo kurinda. Kubidukikije hamwe nibipimo byinshi byangiza, byerekana ko ifunze ya zinc ziremereye irashobora kongera kuramba. Ibipimo nka ASTM A123 tanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo gupfuka umubyimba ushingiye kubisabwa kandi uteganijwe guhura nibidukikije.
Kurinda no gushushanya
Gukoresha inyongera zo gukingira izindi, nkibishusho cyangwa ifu yifu, hejuru yikibuga cyahagaritswe birashobora kwagura cyane ubuzima bwibyuma. Sisitemu ya duplex ihuza uburinzi bwa zinc hamwe no kurinda inzitizi yo gufunga. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cyo kurinda no kunamirwa , sisitemu ya duplex irashobora kongera ubuzima bw'icyuma cya gariyamoshi na 1.5 kugeza 2.5 ugereranije n'icyuma cya gariyamo.
Kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga
Igenzura ryigihe rifasha kumenya ibimenyetso byambere byo gutesha agaciro cyangwa kwangirika. Imyitozo yo kubungabunga nko gukora isuku, gushushanya-gushushanya, no gusana ibice byangiritse birashobora kubuza iterambere ryikoswa. Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga ni ngombwa cyane kubikoresho bihura nibibazo bikaze.
Ingaruka zubukungu za galighte ibyuma
Ruswa yinzego z'ibyuma zifite uruhare runini mu bukungu, harimo n'ibiciro byo kubungabunga, gutakaza ubunyangamugayo, hamwe n'ibibazo by'umutekano. Ishyirahamwe ry'igihugu rya injeniyeri zangiza (nace) ryerekana ko konte ya ruswa hejuru ya 3% ya GDP ku isi yose. Gukoresha ibyuma byimikino hamwe ningamba zo gukingira zikwiye zirashobora kugabanya ibi biciro mugutanga ubuzima bwinzego zikoreshwa no kugabanya ikenerwa yo gusana cyangwa gusimbuza. Ishoramari ahantu hizewe-ibyuma bihamye kandi kubungabunga bishobora gutanga umusaruro wigihe kirekire kandi uhazaguha umutekano.
Isesengura ryuzuye hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kurinda ruswa
Ubundi buryo bwo kurinda ruswa burimo gukoresha ibyuma bidafite ikibazo, ihinduranya ruswa, gushushanya, no kurengera cashodic. Buri buryo bufite ibyiza nimipaka. Icyuma kitagira ingaruka zitanga ibiryo byiza cyane ariko ku giciro cyo hejuru cyane. Gushushanya bitanga uburinzi bwa bariyeri ariko bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kandi ntibishobora gutanga uburinzi bwibitambo nka zinc. Sisitemu yo kurengera Cathodic iragira akamaro ariko mubisanzwe ikoreshwa kububiko bunini nka pipeline kandi bisaba gukurikirana. Icyuma gishakisha cyibasiye igiciro nigikorwa, gitanga uburinzi nyabwo kugirango ukoreshe ibintu byinshi.
Iterambere mu Ikoranabuhanga rya Galvanisation
Iterambere rya vuba mu ikoranabuhanga rya galivalisation rigamije kuzamura indwara yo kurwanya ruswa ibyuma. Ubuhanga nko galvannerali, burimo kuvurwa ubushyuhe nyuma yikizamini, bitanga ibikoresho bya zinc-icyuma bitanga ihindura ibyuma byo gushushanya neza gushushanya no kwiteza imbere. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryibikorwa byihariye bya zinc-aluminium-magnesium ryerekanye imikorere isumba byose mubidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Zinc bwerekanye ko izo cootant zo hejuru zishobora gutanga inshuro zigera kuri eshatu kurwanya ruswa irwanya gakondo ishyushye-kwibiza.
AMABWIRIZA N'IBISOBANURO BISHINDUKA BUSANI
Ibipimo byinshi mpuzamahanga byerekana ibisabwa kubyuma gakomeye, guharanira ubudakemu no kwizerwa muri porogaramu yayo. Amahame y'ingenzi arimo:
ASTM A123 / A123M : ikubiyemo ibisabwa kuri Zinc (Ashyushye-Dip Galvaniked) Ibicuruzwa byicyuma nibicuruzwa.
ISO 1461 : Kugaragaza imitungo rusange ya Coatings hamwe nuburyo bwo kwipimisha kubijyanye no kwisiga-kwibiza byirukanwa ku cyuma no mu ngingo zihimba.
En 1179 : Ibipimo byu Burayi kuri ZINC na zinc bihindura gushakisha.
Gukurikiza aya mahame byemeza ko ibyuma byirukaje buhuye n'ibisabwa bikenewe byo kurwanya ruswa, gukingira ubugari, na robine.
Ibitekerezo byinzobere hamwe nibitekerezo byinganda
Impuguke mu nganda zigaragaza akamaro ko gusuzuma ibihe by'ibidukikije mugihe ugaragaza ibyuma bisi. Dr. Michael Thompson, injeniyeri mehameur irondowe mu ruswa, ivuga ko 'mugihe ibyuma biruka bitanga uburinzi buhebuje hejuru y'ibidukikije, imikorere yayo ishingiye cyane ku mikorere y'ibidukikije. Guhitamo neza no kubungabunga neza ni urufunguzo rwo kugwiza ubuzima bwayo. '
Abakora bashimangira ko hakenewe uburezi ku mbibi no gukoresha neza ibyuma bisi. Sarah Johnson, Umuyobozi w'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa ku ruganda runini rw'ibyuma, agira ati: 'Gusobanukirwa ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ibyuma byimikino byingenzi kuba injeniyeri n'abashushanya. Muguhuza amahitamo y'ibidukikije, dushobora kwemeza kuramba kandi twizewe k'imiterere y'ibyuma. '
Kwiga urubanza: Ibyuma byiruka mubikorwa byibikorwa remezo
Gukoresha ibyuma byimikino bihamye mubikorwa bikomeye byibikorwa remezo byerekana ibyiza byayo nibibazo. Ikiraro cya Sydney Harbour, kurugero, gikubiyemo ibice by'ibyuma bisinye byihanganiye ikizamini cyigihe kuva kibakwa mu 1932. Buri gihe habaye ibintu bisanzwe byo kubungabunga imiterere yicyuma. Ibinyuranye, urusage kitaragera kubyuma gakondo mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya San Mateo-Hayorniya byagaragaje ko hakenewe gutoranya ibintu ndetse no kurinda ingamba zo gufunga ibintu.
Amabwiriza afatika yo gukoresha ibyuma byiruka
Igishushanyo mbonera
Gushushanya imiterere no gukumira ibicuruzwa birimo kwemerera imiyoboro ikwiye gukumira imiyoboro y'amazi, yirinda guhura n'imyanda idahwitse ishobora gutera ruswa idashobora gutera ruswa, kandi ikagabanya inkenga za galivanike, kandi igabanya imirongo ya gari ya galivanike, aho kugabanya imitwe ya ruswa ishobora kwegeranya. Gukoresha inyanja hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera bihuriweho birashobora kurengera ibice by'icyuma.
Ububiko no Gukemura
Ububiko bukwiye no gukemura ibicuruzwa by'ibyuma bisi byihimbano ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde ku gakondo imburagihe. Ibikoresho bigomba kubikwa mu turere twumye, bihumeka neza kure y'ibintu byangirika. Mugihe cyo gutwara no kwishyiriraho, kwitabwaho bigomba gufatwa kugirango birinde kwangiza imyenda ya zinc.
Ingaruka za Politiki yo kugenzura kuri stael ibyuma
Politiki yo kugenzura hamwe namabwiriza y'ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku musaruro no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bisi. Ibibujijwe ku gukoresha ibintu bishobora guteza akaga, nko kuyobora mu gasamba, byatumye habaho uburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro w'isuku. Kubaka hamwe nibipimo ngero akenshi byerekana ikoreshwa ryibyuma byiruka kubibazo bimwe na bimwe, guteza imbere umutekano no kuramba. Kubahiriza aya mabwiriza ni ngombwa kubikora hamwe nabanyamwuga.
Ibizaza
Ubushakashatsi bukomeje bugamije kurushaho kuzamura indwara ya ruswa. Amavuta ya NanoteCology Byongeye kandi, inzira yangiza ibidukikije ireba iterambere kugirango igabanye ingaruka zibyumba bya zinc mugihe cyo gukora. Kwishyira hamwe kwa sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibintu byubwenge hakoreshejwe sensor yashyizwe mumiterere yicyuma irashobora gutanga amakuru nyayo yo guhinga, atuma ingamba zo kubungabunga.
Uburezi n'amahugurwa y'inzobere mu nganda
Kongera ubumenyishingiro bwububatsi, injeniyeri, hamwe nabakozi b'ubwubatsi kubyerekeye ibyuma byimisozi ni ngombwa kugirango bikoreshwe neza. Gahunda yo guhugura hamwe namasomo yicyemezo yatanzwe n'amashyirahamwe yinganda, nk'ikigo cy'Abanyamerika cyo kubaka ibyuma (AISC), gutanga amakuru y'agaciro ku mitungo, ibishushanyo mbonera, n'imikorere myiza. Gukomeza amashuri bifasha abanyamwuga bakomeza kumenya iterambere ryikoranabuhanga no gushimangira amahame.
Umwanzuro
Muri make, mugihe ibyuma biruka bigamije kurwanya ingese, ntabwo ari uguhanganirwa rwose kugangwa no kurigandukira ibintu bimwe. Ibintu bidukikije, kwangirika kwibidukikije, no kwerekana imiti birashobora guhungabanya imyenda yo kurinda zinc, biganisha ku rubavu rwibyuma. Mugusobanukirwa ibi bintu no gushyira mubikorwa ibintu byiza muguhitamo ibikoresho, igishushanyo, no kubungabunga, kuramba kw'inganda z'ibyuma byisi birashobora kongera imbaraga. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya GISTIVE NO GUHINDUKA KUBAKA MU BIKORWA BIKURIKIRA Uruhare rwa Ibyuma byimikorere muri GALvanained mubuhanga bugezweho. Inganda numwuga zishingiye Icyuma gishakisha , gusobanukirwa neza imitungo yacyo nimipaka ni ngombwa muguhitamo imikorere no kuramba.
