Ibyuma bya galvaniside bimaze igihe kinini byubatswe mu bwubatsi, mu nganda, no mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n’ingamba zabyo zo kurwanya ruswa. Inzira ya galvanisation ikubiyemo gutwikira ibyuma hamwe na sisitemu irinda zinc kugirango wirinde ingese. Ariko, ikibazo rusange kivuka: Ese ibyuma byangiza ingese? Gusobanukirwa imiterere yicyuma cya galvanise ningirakamaro kubashakashatsi, abubatsi, ninzobere mu nganda zishingiye ku burebure bwacyo. Iyi ngingo iracengera muburyo bukomeye bwibyuma, ishakisha uburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa, imiterere ishobora kubora, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo kuyikoresha ahantu hatandukanye. Mugusuzuma amahame shingiro ya galvanisation ningirakamaro, tugamije gutanga isesengura ryuzuye ryibi bikoresho bikoreshwa cyane.
Kubashaka kumenya ibisobanuro birambuye nibisabwa bya Icyuma cya Galvanised , gusobanukirwa imyitwarire yacyo mubihe bitandukanye nibyingenzi kugirango ufate ibyemezo byuzuye muguhitamo ibikoresho.
Inzira ya Galvanisiyasi hamwe nuburyo bukingira
Kugirango usobanukirwe niba ibyuma bya galvanise bishobora kubora, ni ngombwa kubanza gusobanukirwa inzira ya galvanisiya ubwayo. Ubusanzwe Galvanisation ikubiyemo kwibiza ibyuma mu bwogero bwa zinc yashongeshejwe ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 450 ° C (842 ° F), uburyo buzwi nka hot-dip galvanizing. Ipitingi ya zinc ikora nkinzitizi yumubiri, ibuza ibidukikije bidahura nicyuma. Byongeye kandi, zinc itanga uburinzi bwibitambo; iyo igifuniko cyangiritse, zinc irabora cyane cyane ibyuma bitewe nubushake bwayo bwinshi, bityo bikarinda ibyuma ingese.
Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika Galvanizers ribitangaza, urwego rwa zinc rushobora kongera ubuzima bw’ibyuma kugeza ku myaka 50 mu cyaro ndetse n’imyaka 20-25 mu nyanja cyangwa mu nganda aho usanga ruswa iri hejuru. Imikorere yuburyo bwo gukingira iterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ubunini bwikibiriti cya zinc, ibidukikije, ndetse no kuba hari ibintu byangiza.
Ibintu Bishobora Kuviramo Kwangirika Mubyuma
Ibidukikije
Mugihe ibyuma byashizwemo imbaraga bigamije kurwanya ruswa, ibidukikije bimwe na bimwe birashobora kwihutisha iyangirika ryikariso ya zinc, amaherezo biganisha ku kwangirika kwicyuma. Ubushuhe bwinshi, imvura ya aside, guhura n’amazi yumunyu, hamwe n’umwanda nka dioxyde de sulfure irashobora guhungabanya urwego rwirinda zinc. Mubidukikije byo mu nyanja, nkurugero, kuba ioni ya chloride yongerera cyane umuvuduko wa ruswa. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’imihanda muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bugaragaza ko ibyuma byubatswe mu turere two ku nkombe bishobora guhura n’igabanuka ryinshi bitewe no gutera umunyu n’ubushuhe.
Kwangiza imashini no kwambara
Kwangirika kwumubiri kuri zinc, nko gushushanya, gukuramo, cyangwa ingaruka, birashobora kwerekana ibyuma byibanze kubintu byangirika. Mugihe imiterere yigitambo cya zinc ishobora kurinda uduce duto twibyuma bigaragara, ibyangiritse bikomeye birashobora kurenga izo ngaruka zo gukingira. Kugenzura no kubungabunga buri gihe ni ngombwa, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho ibyuma bishobora guhangayikishwa nubukanishi.
Kumurika imiti
Guhura n'imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kwihutisha inzira yo kwangirika. Kurugero, acide, alkalis, hamwe ningingo zikomeye za okiside irashobora gukora hamwe na zinc, ikangiza urwego rukingira. Ibidukikije byinganda aho imiti yiganje ikenera ingamba zokwirinda cyangwa ibindi bikoresho kugirango ubeho.
Inyigo Yerekana Kwerekana Ruswa Mubyuma bya Galvanised
Ingero zifatika-zerekana uburyo ibyuma byogosha bishobora kubora mubihe byihariye. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekeranye n'imiyoboro y'icyuma mu mujyi wa nyanja, hagaragaye ruswa yihuse bitewe no guhora duhura n'umwuka wuzuye umunyu n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Nubwo hashyizweho uburyo bwo gukingira bwa mbere, ibidukikije bikaze byagabanije igihe cyateganijwe cyo kubaho ku miyoboro 30%. Urundi rugero ni ibyuma byubatswe mubyuma byinganda bifite dioxyde de sulfure nyinshi. Imiterere ya acide yatumye habaho sulfate ya zinc, igabanya urwego rwo kurinda bigatuma habaho ingese ku cyuma munsi.
Gusesengura Igipimo cya Ruswa Mubidukikije Bitandukanye
Kugirango ugereranye imikorere yicyuma cya galvanised mubidukikije bitandukanye, ubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo cya ruswa bwakozwe kwisi yose. Mu cyaro ibidukikije bifite umwanda muke nubushyuhe bwumutse, igipimo cyangirika cya zinc ni gito, akenshi kiri munsi ya 1 µm kumwaka. Ibinyuranye, inganda n’inyanja zirashobora kwerekana igipimo cya ruswa irenga 4 µm kumwaka. Amakuru yakusanyijwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho (ISO) atanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo guhanura igihe cy’icyuma cya galvaniside gishingiye ku byiciro by’ibidukikije. Kurugero, mubidukikije byashyizwe mu cyiciro cya C3 (ikirere cyo mu mijyi n’inganda gifite umwanda wa dioxyde de sulfure iringaniye), ubuzima buteganijwe kubanza kubungabungwa zinc ya 85 µm ni imyaka 20-40.
Ingamba zo gukumira hamwe nuburyo bwiza
Guhitamo Ibikoresho
Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwibyuma hamwe nuburinganire bukwiye ni ngombwa. Uburemere bwa coating, bukunze kugaragara muri garama kuri metero kare (g / m²), bugena urwego rwo kurinda. Kubidukikije bifite igipimo cyinshi cyo kwangirika, kwerekana uburemere bwa zinc biremereye birashobora kongera igihe kirekire. Ibipimo nka ASTM A123 bitanga umurongo ngenderwaho wo gutwikira umubyimba ushingiye kubisabwa no guteganya ibidukikije.
Ibirindiro bikingira hamwe
Gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gukingira, nk'irangi cyangwa ifu ya poro, hejuru ya galvanised birashobora kongera ubuzima bwicyuma. Sisitemu ya duplex ikomatanya kurinda ruswa kwangirika kwa barrière kurinda inzitizi. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Protective Coatings na Linings bubitangaza , sisitemu ya duplex irashobora kongera igihe cy’icyuma cya galvanisiyumu inshuro 1.5 kugeza kuri 2,5 ugereranije n’icyuma cyonyine.
Kugenzura no Kubungabunga buri gihe
Igenzura ryigihe rifasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare byo kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika. Ibikorwa byo gufata neza nko gukora isuku, gukoraho amarangi, no gusana ahangiritse birashobora kubuza iterambere rya ruswa. Gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yo kubungabunga ni ngombwa cyane cyane kumiterere ihuye nibihe bibi.
Ingaruka zubukungu zo Kwangirika kwicyuma
Kwangirika kwibyuma bifite ingaruka zikomeye mubukungu, harimo kongera amafaranga yo kubungabunga, gutakaza ubusugire bwimiterere, hamwe n’umutekano ushobora guhungabanya umutekano. Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abashinzwe ruswa (NACE) rigereranya ko amafaranga yo kwangirika angana na 3% bya GDP ku isi buri mwaka. Gukoresha ibyuma bya galvanis hamwe ningamba zikwiye zo gukingira birashobora kugabanya ibyo biciro mu kongera igihe cya serivisi yimiterere no kugabanya ibikenewe gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa. Ishoramari mubyuma byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije birashobora gutanga umusaruro uzigama igihe kirekire ndetse n’umutekano wongerewe.
Kugereranya Isesengura Nubundi buryo bwo Kurinda Ruswa
Ubundi buryo bwo gukingira ruswa burimo gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibinyobwa bidashobora kwangirika, gushushanya, no kurinda catodiki. Buri buryo bufite ibyiza byabwo kandi bugarukira. Ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ariko ku giciro cyo hejuru cyane. Irangi ritanga uburinzi ariko risaba kubungabungwa buri gihe kandi ntirishobora kurinda ibitambo nka zinc. Sisitemu yo gukingira Cathodic irakora ariko mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mubikorwa binini nk'imiyoboro kandi bisaba gukurikirana buri gihe. Ibyuma bya galvanised byerekana uburinganire hagati yikiguzi nigikorwa, bitanga uburinzi bwiza bwo kwangirika kubintu byinshi.
Iterambere mu Ikoranabuhanga rya Galvanisation
Iterambere rya vuba mu ikoranabuhanga rya galvanisation rigamije kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Ubuhanga nka galvannealing, burimo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya galvanisiyasi, butanga umusemburo wa zinc-fer utanga uburyo bwiza bwo gukurikiza irangi no kurwanya abrasion. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryihariye rya zinc-aluminium-magnesium ryerekanye imikorere isumba izindi mubidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Zinc bwerekanye ko iyi myenda yateye imbere ishobora gutanga inshuro zigera kuri eshatu kurwanya ruswa yo kwangirika kwa gakondo.
Ibipimo nibisobanuro bigenga ibyuma bya Galvanised
Ibipimo mpuzamahanga byinshi byerekana ibisabwa kugirango ibyuma bisunikwe, byemeza ko bihoraho kandi byizewe mubikorwa byayo. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo:
Kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko ibyuma bisya byujuje ubuziranenge bukenewe kugirango birwanye ruswa, umubyimba wuzuye, hamwe nubukanishi.
Ibitekerezo byabahanga nibitekerezo byinganda
Inzobere mu nganda zigaragaza akamaro ko gusuzuma ibidukikije igihe hagaragajwe ibyuma bya galvanis. Dr. Michael Thompson, injeniyeri y’ibyuma kabuhariwe mu kwangirika, yagize ati: 'Nubwo ibyuma bya galvaniside bitanga uburinzi buhebuje bwo kwirinda ingese, imikorere yacyo ishingiye cyane ku bidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Guhitamo neza no kubungabunga ibidukikije ni urufunguzo rwo kongera igihe cyacyo cyo kubaho. '
Ababikora bashimangira ko hakenewe uburere ku mbogamizi no gukoresha neza ibyuma bya galvanis. Sarah Johnson, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa mu ruganda rukora ibyuma, yagize ati: '' Gusobanukirwa n’ibintu bigira ingaruka ku byuma bya galvanise ni ingenzi ku ba injeniyeri n’abashushanya ibintu. Muguhuza amahitamo y’ibintu n’ibidukikije, dushobora kwemeza kuramba no kwizerwa kw’ibyuma. '
Inyigo: Icyuma cya Galvanised mumishinga y'Ibikorwa Remezo
Gukoresha ibyuma bya galvanised mumishinga minini y'ibikorwa remezo byerekana ibyiza byayo nibibazo. Urugero, ikiraro cya Sydney Harbour, kirimo ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma cyihanganiye ikizamini cyigihe kuva cyubatswe mu 1932. Kubungabunga buri gihe no kwita ku bidukikije byagize uruhare runini mu kubungabunga ibyuma. Ku rundi ruhande, kwangirika imburagihe by'ibyuma bya galvanis mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ikiraro cya San Mateo-Hayward muri Californiya byagaragaje ko ari ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ndetse n'ingamba zo gukingira ibidukikije byo mu nyanja.
Amabwiriza ngirakamaro yo gukoresha ibyuma bya Galvanised
Ibishushanyo mbonera
Gutegura inyubako zifite intego yo gukumira ruswa mubitekerezo harimo kwemerera amazi meza kugirango hirindwe amazi, kwirinda guhura nibyuma bidasa bishobora gutera ruswa ya galvanike, no kugabanya imigezi aho ibintu byangirika bishobora kwegeranya. Gukoresha kashe hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera gikwiye birashobora kurushaho kurinda ibyuma byuma.
Kubika no Gukemura
Kubika neza no gutunganya ibicuruzwa byibyuma nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde kwangirika imburagihe. Ibikoresho bigomba kubikwa ahantu humye, hahumeka neza kure yibintu byangirika. Mugihe cyo gutwara no gushiraho, hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango wirinde kwangiza zinc.
Ingaruka za Politiki Ngenzuramikorere Kumikoreshereze yicyuma
Politiki ngengamikorere n’amabwiriza y’ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku musaruro nogukoresha ibyuma bya galvanis. Kubuzwa gukoresha ibintu bishobora guteza akaga, nk'isasu muri galvanisation, byatumye habaho uburyo bwo gukora neza. Kubaka kode hamwe ninganda zinganda akenshi zigaragaza imikoreshereze yicyuma cya galvanisiyumu kubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, biteza imbere umutekano no kuramba. Kubahiriza aya mabwiriza ningirakamaro kubakora nabakora umwuga wo kubaka.
Icyerekezo kizaza hamwe nicyerekezo cyubushakashatsi
Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa bugamije kurushaho kunoza ruswa yo kwangirika kwicyuma. Ubushakashatsi bushingiye kuri Nanotehnologiya burimo gushakishwa kugirango habeho gukingira ultrathin kurinda ibintu byo kwikiza. Byongeye kandi, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije biri gutezwa imbere kugirango bigabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije byangiza imyuka ya zinc mugihe cyo gukora. Kwishyira hamwe kwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ruswa ikoresheje ibyuma byifashishwa mu byuma birashobora gutanga amakuru nyayo ku bijyanye no gutwikira uburinganire, bigafasha ingamba zo gufata neza.
Uburezi n'amahugurwa kubanyamwuga
Kuzamura ubumenyi bwububiko, abubatsi, nabakozi bakora mubwubatsi kubyerekeranye nicyuma cya galvanis ni ngombwa kugirango ikoreshwe neza. Gahunda zamahugurwa hamwe namasomo yo gutanga ibyemezo bitangwa n’amashyirahamwe yinganda, nkikigo cy’abanyamerika gishinzwe ubwubatsi bw’ibyuma (AISC), gitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kumitungo yibintu, gutekereza kubishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nibikorwa byiza. Gukomeza uburezi bifasha abanyamwuga gukomeza kumenya iterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryiterambere.
Umwanzuro
Muncamake, mugihe ibyuma byashizwemo imbaraga bigamije kurwanya ingese, ntabwo irinda rwose kwangirika mubihe bimwe. Ibidukikije, kwangirika kwa mashini, hamwe n’imiti ishobora guhungabanya urwego rwa zinc ikingira, biganisha ku kwangirika kwicyuma. Mugusobanukirwa nibi bintu no gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwiza muguhitamo ibikoresho, gushushanya, no kubungabunga, kuramba kwicyuma gishobora gukomera cyane. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya galvanisation no gushimangira ubwubatsi burambye rirusheho gushimangira uruhare rwibyuma bya galvanise mubuhanga bugezweho. Ku nganda ninzobere zishingiye Ibyuma bya Galvanised , gusobanukirwa neza imiterere yabyo nimbibi ni ngombwa mugutezimbere imikorere no kuramba.
