Intshayelelo
Ukonakala ngumba ogqubayo ochaphazela amashishini amaninzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yemali kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko. Umbuzo uvela: ngaba utyala imali Izisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa zifanelekile ngokwenene? Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwiindleko kunye noncedo zonyango oluchasene nomhlwa, liphonononga impembelelo yalo kubomi obude bezinto eziphathekayo, iindleko zokulondolozwa, kunye nexabiso lilonke kuzo zombini izicelo zoshishino kunye nabathengi.
INzululwazi yoMhlwa
Ukonakala yinkqubo yendalo apho iintsimbi ziwohloka ngenxa yokusabela kweekhemikhali kwindawo yazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubandakanya i-oxidation yesinyithi phambi kokufuma kunye ne-oxygen. NgokukaNational Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), ixabiso lehlabathi lokutya lifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 yetriliyoni zeedola ngonyaka, nto leyo emalunga ne-3% ye-GDP yehlabathi. Eli nani likhwankqisayo ligxininisa ukubaluleka kweendlela ezisebenzayo zokukhusela umhlwa.
IiNdlela zokuVelisa umhlwa
Umhlwa ligama eliqhelekileyo le-iron oxide, eyenziwa xa i-iron okanye ingxubevange yayo idibana neoksijini kunye nokufuma. Inkqubo ye-electrochemical ibandakanya ukuphendulwa kwe-anodic kunye ne-cathodic, apho isinyithi silahlekelwa yi-electron (i-oxidation) kunye ne-oksijini izuza i-electron (ukunciphisa). Imiba yokusingqongileyo efana nokufuma, ubushushu, kunye nobukho beetyuwa okanye izinto ezingcolisayo zinokuyikhawulezisa le nkqubo.
Iindleko Eziyanyaniswa Nokonakala
Iimpembelelo zezemali zomhlwa zinamacala amaninzi. Iindleko ezithe ngqo zibandakanya ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto ezonakalisiweyo, ngelixa iindleko ezingathanga ngqo zibandakanya ixesha lokuphumla, ukulahleka kwemveliso, kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zikhuseleke. Umzekelo, kwishishini le-oyile negesi, ukonakala kwemibhobho kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni nasekuchithekeni, okukhokelela kumonakalo wokusingqongileyo kunye nezohlwayo eziqatha. Uphononongo olwenziwa yi-US Federal Highway Administration yaqaqambisa ukuba umhlwa kubiza icandelo lezothutho malunga ne-29.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka.
Impembelelo kwiZiseko zoPhuhliso
Iziseko zoncedo ezifana neebhulorho, izakhiwo, neendlela zisesichengeni sokuwohloka okunxulumene nomhlwa. Ukuwa kweBhulorho yeSilivere ngo-1967, okubangelwa kukungaphumeleli okubangelwa ukubola, kugxininisa imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokukhusela i-corrosion. Utyalo-mali kumanyathelo okulwa nomhlwa lunokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeziseko ezingundoqo, ukwandisa ukhuseleko nokunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide.
Izisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa: Isishwankathelo
Izisombululo ezichasene ne-rust zivela kwiingubo zokukhusela ekusebenziseni izinto ezichasene ne-corrosion. Ukwenza igalvanization, umzekelo, kubandakanya ukufaka i-zinc coating kwintsimbi ukuthintela ukurusa. Iimveliso ezifana neekhoyili zentsimbi kunye namaphepha zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuveliseni ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphuculweyo.
Iingubo ezikhuselayo
Iingubo zisebenza njengesithintelo somzimba phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nezinto ezibolayo. Ezi ziquka iipeyinti, ii-epoxies, kunye neengubo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokugquma umgubo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yokwambathisa kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweemveliso ezinikezela ixesha elide lokukhusela kunye nokuchasana nokusingqongileyo okungcono.
Ii-alloys ezixhathisa ukonakala
Izinto ezinje ngentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye neealloyi zealuminiyam ngokwendalo zixhathisa ukubola ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Ukongezwa kwezinto ezifana nechromium kunye nenickel kwenza umaleko wokwenziwa othintela i-oxidation. Ngelixa ezi mathiriyeli zinokubiza kakhulu ngaphambili, ixesha elide lokuphila kwabo lihlala lithethelela utyalo-mali lokuqala.
Uhlahlelo lwezoQoqosho loTyalo-mali oluchasene nomhlwa
Ukwenza uhlalutyo lweendleko-inzuzo kubalulekile ukumisela ixabiso lotyalo-mali oluchasene nomhlwa. Iindleko zokuqala zonyango lokunqanda umhlwa kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchasene nokonga okunokwenzeka kulondolozo olucuthiweyo kunye nobomi obude be-asethi. Uphononongo olungumzekelo kushishino lwaselwandle lubonise ukuba ukwamkela izinto zokugquma ezichasene nomhlwa zithobe iindleko zokuyilungisa ngama-20% kwiminyaka emihlanu.
Imbuyekezo kuTyalo-mali (ROI)
Izibalo ze-ROI ziqwalasela iindleko ezipheleleyo zobunini, kubandakanywa iindleko zokuqala zonyango kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elizayo. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso otyala imali eyi-100,000 yeedola kwi-anti-rust coatings unokonga i-150,000 yeedola kulondolozo kunye neendleko zokutshintsha kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, uvelisa inzuzo eyi-50,000 yeedola.
I-Case Study: Ishishini lezeMoto
Abavelisi bezithuthi basebenzise kakhulu unyango lokulwa nomhlwa ukomeleza ubomi obude besithuthi. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-galvanized kumzimba wemoto kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ukungaphumeleli okunxulumene ne-corrosion. Ngokwengxelo ye-JD Power, izithuthi ezinokhuseleko oluphezulu lwe-corrosion zinexabiso le-30% ephezulu yokuthengisa emva kweminyaka emihlanu xa kuthelekiswa nabangenayo.
Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko
Utyalo-mali kwizisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa nazo zineenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ukonakala kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni kwezinto eziyingozi, ezibeka imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo. Ukuthintela iziganeko ezinjalo ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo okulwa nomhlwa kunegalelo ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolawulo.
Ukuthotyelwa koMgaqo
Amashishini aphantsi kwemimiselo egunyazisa ukukhuselwa komhlwa ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu. Ukungathobeli kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo ezisemthethweni kunye nokonakala kwegama. Ngoko ke, utyalo-mali oluchasene nomhlwa alukho nje ukuqonda ngokwemali kodwa lukwayimfuneko ukuze kuthotyelwe umthetho.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwiTekhnoloji yeAnti-Rust
Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kukhokelele kwizisombululo ezisebenzayo nezineendleko zokumelana nomhlwa. Iingubo ezisekelwe kwi-nanotechnology, umzekelo, zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye neeleya ezinqabileyo. Iingubo zokuziphilisa enye iteknoloji evelayo ekwazi ukulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo umonakalo omncinci, ukugcina ingqibelelo yoluhlu olukhuselayo.
Ubuchwephesha boNyango boMphezulu
Ubuchwephesha obufana nokuguqulwa komphezulu welaser kunye nonyango lweplasma zonyusa iipropathi zomphezulu ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Ezi ndlela zinokuphucula ukuncamatheliswa kokugquma kwaye zenze imiphezulu engachanekanga kakhulu kwiziphumo ezinobungozi. Uphando kule ndawo luyaqhubeka, kunye neziphumo ezithembisayo zezicelo zoshishino.
Iimbono zoShishino
Iingcali kuwo wonke amashishini zithethelela ulawulo lokuthotywa kwe-corrosion. Ngokutsho kukaGqr Jane Smith, injineli ye-corrosion kwi-CorroTech Solutions, 'Ukutyalomali kumanyathelo okulwa ne-corrosion akukona nje ukwandisa ubomi be-asethi; kukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko.' Iingcamango ezinjalo zeengcali zigxininisa ixabiso elinobuninzi bezisombululo zokulwa nomhlwa.
I-inshurensi kunye neLiability
Iinkampani ze-inshorensi zinokunikezela ngeentlawulo ezithotyiweyo zempahla ekhuselweyo ekudlekeni, ziqonda umngcipheko osezantsi wokungaphumeleli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutyeshela ukukhuselwa kwe-corrosion kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni uxanduva xa kwenzeka iingozi okanye iziganeko zokusingqongileyo, kuthethelele ngakumbi utyalo-mali oluchasene nomhlwa.
Imingeni kunye neNgqwalasela
Ngelixa izibonelelo zicacile, kukho imingeni eyayanyaniswa nonyango lokulwa nomhlwa. Oku kubandakanya iindleko zokuqala, ukuntsonkotha kwezicelo, kunye nemfuno yabasebenzi abanezakhono. Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokulwa nomhlwa kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngenyameko kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.
Ixabiso-Benefit Ibhalansi
Ayizizo zonke izisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo ngasinye. Ukukhuselwa kobunjineli obugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela kwiindleko ezingeyomfuneko. Kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa umgangatho wokhuseleko kunye neendleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba utyalo-mali luhambelana nokubaluleke kakhulu kwe-asethi kunye nobomi obulindelekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuqukumbela, utyalo-mali kumanyathelo okulwa nomhlwa lufanelekile xa kuqwalaselwa ugcino lwexesha elide, ukhuseleko olwandisiweyo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Iindleko zangaphambili zihlala zihlawulwa bubude bexesha elongeziweyo le-asethi kunye nokuphepha ukulungiswa okuxabisa kakhulu okanye ukutshintshwa. Ukwamkela izisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa njenge Itekhnoloji ye-Anti-Rust inokukhokelela kwiinzuzo ezibalulekileyo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo.
Iingcebiso
Amashishini kufuneka enze uhlolo olucokisekileyo ukufumanisa ezona zicwangciso-qhinga zokuthintela umhlwa ezinexabiso eliphantsi. Ukusebenzisana neengcaphephe zomhlwa kunokubonelela ngemibono kubuchwephesha bamva nje kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo. Utyalo-mali kuqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa konyango lokulwa nomhlwa nako kubalulekile ekwandiseni izibonelelo.
