Intshayelelo
Kwindawo yorhwebo lwamanye amazwe, iikhowudi ze-HSOON (HS) zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni iimpahla. Ezi khowudi zibalulekile kumagunya asesikweni kwihlabathi liphela ukuze achonge iimveliso zokusetyenziswa kweerhafu, irhafu, kunye nemigaqo. Enye imveliso enjalo ihlala ihambahamba rhoqo kwimarike yehlabathi. Ukuqonda ikhowudi ye-HS ye-Tinplai kubalulekile ukuba amashishini abandakanyeka kwingeniso nakumazwe angaphandle. Eli nqaku lihlala lingene nzulu kwi-TOD yeKhowudi ye-HS ephathelele kwi-Tinplast, ehlolisisa ukubaluleka kwayo, izicelo, kunye ne-nues efuna ukuba amashishini azazi.
I-TINFATE, eyaziwa ngokuba ziipropathi zayo ezingahambelaniyo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lepakisi, ngakumbi ukutya neziselo, ngenxa yendalo engatyhekiyo. Njengoko uRhwebo lweHlabathi luyekisa, ukuhlelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwekhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukucaciswa kwesiko elingenamthungo kunye nokuthobela imithetho yezorhwebo yamanye amazwe. Ngapha koko, ukucaca ngendlela engalunganga kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi ezinjengesohlwayo, ukulibaziseka, okanye ukuthathwa kwempahla.
Ukuqonda iikhowudi zeHS
Iikhowudi ze-HS zineendlela zamanani ezemigangatho kumazwe aphesheya kwiimveliso eziqeshiweyo. Ukuphuhliswa nokugcinwa ngumbutho wehlabathi (WCO), inkqubo yekhowudi ye-HS isetyenziswa ngamazwe angaphezu kwama-200 kunye noqoqosho njengesiseko soluhlu lwamaxabiso eshishini kunye nokuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo zamanye amazwe. Le nkqubo inemaqela amalunga nama-5000 ezorhwebo, nganye ichongwe yikhowudi enamanani amathandathu, icwangciswe ngendlela esemthethweni nenengqiqweni enemigaqo echazwe kakuhle yokufezekisa ukwahlula-hlula.
Iinombolo ezimbini zokuqala zekhowudi ye-HS imele isahluko, ezi zinto zimbini zilandelayo zibamba isihloko, kwaye ezimbini zokugqibela zinika umxholwana. Amazwe anokongeza amanani ongezelelweyo ukuba aqhubeke nolwahlulo. Umzekelo, i-United States isebenzisa ikhowudi enamanani ayi-10 eyaziwa ngokuba yikhowudi yerhafu ehambelana neShedli (HTS). Ukuqonda ubume beekhowudi ze-HS kubalulekile ukuba amashishini ahlukane ngokuchanekileyo iimveliso zabo.
Ikhowudi ye-HS ye-tinplate
I-tinplate yiphepha elincinci lensimbi edityaniswe nge-tin. Insimbi ibonelela ngamandla kunye nokwenziwa, ngelixa i-tin ye-tin inika ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion kunye nomthombo ongenatyhefu. Ngokwenkqubo yekhowudi ye-HS, i-tinplaster iwela phantsi kweSahluko 72, esiyigubungela intsimbi kunye neemveliso zentsimbi.
Ikhowudi ethile ye-HS ye-tinplate ye 7210.12. Yaphula phantsi:
72 - Isahluko sentsimbi kunye nentsimbi.
10 -Iemveliso eziqengqelekayo zensimbi okanye intsimbi engafunekiyo, icacisiwe okanye idityaniswe.
12 -Ucacisiwe okanye idityaniswe nge-tin.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ikhowudi ye-HS ingahluka kancinci kuxhomekeka kwilizwe, ngakumbi xa kudityaniswa amanani ongezelelweyo. Amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ngooguli bendawo okanye ushenxisa ishedyuli yerhafu esemthethweni yelizwe lokungenisa elizweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ucocekile.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlelwa kwekhowudi ye-HS
Ukuhlelwa kwekhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, ichaza uluhlu lwamaxabiso kunye neerhafu ezisebenzayo kwiimpahla. Sebenzisa ikhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba amashishini ahlawula imisebenzi efanelekileyo, kuthintela ngaphezulu okanye ukungathatyathwa, kunokukhokelela kwimicimbi yezomthetho. Okwesibini, ichaphazela iinkcukacha-manani zorhwebo eziqulunqwe lurhulumente kunye nemibutho yamazwe, ingenzi imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezivumelwano zoqoqosho kunye nezivumelwano.
Ngapha koko, iikhowudi ze-HS ziphantsi kokungenisa ngaphakathi okanye ukuthintela kwelinye ilizwe, i-quotas, okanye zifuna iilayisensi ezizodwa. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunokukhokelela kwiimpahla eziqhutywa ngamasiko, okhokelela kulibaziseko, ukunyuka kweendleko, kunye nezohlwayo ezinokubakho. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda kunye nokusebenzisa ikhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo ye-tinplate kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yezorhwebo yehlabathi.
Izicelo ze-tinplate kumzi mveliso
I-Tinplate inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwayo okwahlukileyo, ukwenziwa, kunye nokuxhathisa ukusulwa. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-tinplate kukwimveliso yezixhobo zokupakisha. Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa iinkonkxa zokutya, i-gobreges, i-aerosols, kunye nepeyinti. Ukukwazi kwezixhobo ukugcina imixholo ngaphandle kokusabela ngokucokisekileyo kwenza ukuba ilungele le njongo.
Ukongeza ukupakisha, i-tinplate isetyenziswa kwimveliso yezinto ze-elektroniki, iibhetri zebhetri, kunye neenxalenye zemoto. Ukurhweba kwayo okugqwesileyo kuyingenelo kwizicelo zombane. Lo mbandela uqashwe ekwenzeni iimpahla zasekhaya ezinjengokubhaka iitreyi kunye neekhukhi.
Urhwebo lwehlabathi lwe-tinplate
Urhwebo lwehlabathi lwe-tinplaet lubalulekile ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekileyo ekupakisheni nasezimvuleni ezemveliso. Abavelisi abaziintloko ze-Tinplai bandakanya i-China, eJapan, kunye ne-European Union. Amashishini abandakanyeka kwi-interplay kwaye kuthunyelwa i-tinplate kufuneka akhumbule imigaqo eyahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zerhafu ezimiselwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo.
Izivumelwano zorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yokulahla inkunkuma inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwixabiso kunye nokuba nakho ukungenisa i-tinte. Ukuhlala uhlaziywa ngemigaqo-nkqubo yezorhwebo yehlabathi kubalulekile kumashishini ukuya kuhamba ubunzima beemarike zehlabathi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuthobela kunye namaxwebhu
Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo lilitye lembombo lorhwebo lwamanye amazwe. Xa ingenisa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwe-tintes, amashishini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba onke amaphepha abonisa ngokuchanekileyo ikhowudi ye-HS kunye nenkcazo yemveliso. Oku kubandakanya amaxwebhu okuhambisa, ii-invoice zentengiso, uluhlu lokupakisha, kunye nezatifikethi zemvelaphi.
Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo efana ne-Maritime yeMaritime ye-Bulk Cargoes (ISBC) ikwabalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthutha okukhuselekileyo kwe-tinplati. Ukongeza, amashishini kufuneka ayazi nayiphi na imifuno eneelebheli ekhethekileyo okanye amaphepha edatha ezokhuseleko efuna ukuhamba kunye nokuhambisa.
Indima yeqonga lokuqhutywa kwentengiso
Kwiminyaka yedijithali, amaqonga amaninzi anceda amashishini ekwenzeni lula ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe. La maqonga abonelela ngolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo ngerhafu, imigaqo, kunye neekhowudi ze-HS. Ukusebenzisa ezo zixhobo kunokubanciphise kakhulu ingozi yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yorhwebo lwamanye amazwe.
Umzekelo, amaqonga njenge I-735 i-tinplace iwebhusayithi ibonelela ngemveliso yemveliso kunye nenkxaso kumashishini ajongana ne-tinplate kunye nezinye iimveliso zentsimbi. Ukukhangela ezi zixhobo kunokuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko nokuchaneka kwimisebenzi yorhwebo.
Iimpembelelo zeRhafu
Uluhlu lweerhafu lunokwahluka ngokubanzi kuxhomekeka kwilizwe lokungenisa kunye neziVumelwano zoRhwebo. Kwi-tinplace ihlelo le-HS yeKhowudi ye-HS 7210.12, amazinga amaxabiso anokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezinje ngemisebenzi yokulahla inkunkuma okanye izivumelwano zorhwebo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba amashishini adibane nabarhwebi okanye iingcali zezorhwebo ukuba baqonde imisebenzi efanelekileyo yokuthunyelwa kwabo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, amazwe anyanzelisa imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo ngokungenisa elizweni ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya. Ukungazi malunga nemilinganiselo kunokubangela iindleko ezingalindelekanga. Ke ngoko, uphando olusebenzayo kunye nokubonisana kuyacetyiswa ukuba amashishini azibandakanya kwishishini le-tinplast yamanye amazwe.
Eyona misebenzi ilungileyo yamashishini
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kurhwebo, amashishini kufuneka afumane ezona ndlela zibalulekileyo:
Ukwahlulahlulwa ngokuchanekileyo: Soloko uqinisekisa ikhowudi ye-HS ngeeshedyuli zerhafu ezihlaziyiweyo kwaye unxibelelane neengcali ukuba ungaqinisekanga.
Amaxwebhu: Qinisekisa ukuba bonke amaxwebhu okuhambisa namasiko abonise ngokuchanekileyo iinkcukacha zemveliso kunye nekhowudi ye-HS.
Hlala unolwazi: qhubeka unomdla wotshintsho kwimigaqo yorhwebo, irhafu, kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe aphesheya ezinokuthi zichaphazele urhwebo lwe-tinplaster.
Nxibelelana neengcali: Sebenza kunye nabathengisi abanamava okanye abacebisi kwezomthetho basebenzela urhwebo lwamanye amazwe.
Sebenzisa itekhnoloji: sebenzisa amaqonga okuququzelela korhwebo kunye nesoftware yokulawula ukuhlelwa kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Isifundo seNqaku: Iziphumo ezigwenxa
Inkampani yephakethi ye-poptationalt nje yayijongene nokulibaziseka okukhulu kunye neentlawulo ngenxa yokungafani kwe-tinplaet. Inkampani isebenzise ngempazamo i-HS yeKhowudi ye-HS yephepha lentsimbi endaweni ye-tinplate. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni ababanjiwe ngenqanawa, bacanda izicelo ezingachanekanga zerhafu kunye nokukhupha imisebenzi.
Inkampani kwafuneka ihlawule izohlwayo ezinkulu kwaye iphinde ithumele onke amaxwebhu, kubangela ukulibaziseka kwiishedyuli zemveliso kunye nelahleko yemali. Eli tyala ligxininisa ukubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwekhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuphathwa gadalala.
Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwi-HS Disction
I-WCO ihlaziya ngenkqubo ye-HS yekhowudi ye-HS yokubonisa inkqubela phambili kwezobugcisa kunye notshintsho kwiipatheni zorhwebo lwamanye amazwe. Amashishini ajongana ne-tinplate kufuneka ayazi naluphi na uhlaziyo olunokuchaphazela ukwahlula-hlulwa kweemveliso zabo. Uhlelo lwe-2022 lwe-HS AnmedEcture luvatyhule utshintsho kumacandelo aliqela, kwaye ukuhlala uhlaziywa ngolu hlanyo lubalulekile.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwezixhobo kunye neengubo zinokukhokelela kulwakhiwo olutsha okanye imixholwana. Umzekelo, ukuba i-tintote isebenza ngendlela eyongezelelweyo okanye ihlambuluki nezinye izinto, inokuwela phantsi kwekhowudi ye-HS eyahlukileyo. Ukuqhubeka kweliso kuhlaziyo lwe-HSOD oluqinisekisa ukuba amashishini ahlala ehambelana kwaye akuphephe nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kurhwebo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuqonda ikhowudi ye-HS ye-tinplate yinkalo yesiseko yorhwebo lwamanye amazwe oquka ukuphathwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ikhowudi ethile, i-7210.12, ichonge i-tinplati kwiSikhokelo seHlabathi seHlabathi, siququzelela ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwamaxabiso kunye nokubambelela kwimigaqo yorhwebo. Amashishini kufuneka abeke phambili ulwahlulo oluchanekileyo ukuthintela iingxaki zomthetho, izohlwayo zezezimali, kunye nokulibaziseka kwenkqubo.
Kwimeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi eliqinisekileyo, ukuhlala unolwazi malunga notshintsho kwiikhowudi ze-HS, iziVumelwano zoRhwebo, kunye neeNtloko zeRhafu zibalulekile. Ngokuthatha ukwamkela izinto ezilungileyo kakhulu kunye nokufumana izibonelelo ezinokufumana i Iqonga lama -735 i-tinplace , amashishini anokuhambahamba ubunzima bezorhwebo lwamanye amazwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ikhowudi yekhowudi ye-HS engasetyenziswanga kuphela iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kodwa ikwanegalelo ekusebenzeni kunye nenzuzo yemisebenzi yoRhwebo yeHlabathi.
