Yiw, awiei koraa no, dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no bɛsɛe. Nanso, bere nhyehyɛe no fi mfe 10 tiawa so kosi bɛboro mfe 200 koraa. Saa nsonsonoe kɛse yi gyina nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsakra wɔ abɔnten so koraa. Wɔ nnɛyi adetɔ ne mfiridwuma akuw fam no, nneɛma a wɔde akata so yi a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔsakra wɔn adwene. Ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ ɛnyɛ asɛmmisa a ɛfa sɛ ebia dade no bɛsɛe anaa, na mmom bere pɔtee a ɛbɛsɛe ne tebea pɔtee bɛn mu.
Sɛ wɔhyɛ saa nkwa nna yi ho nkɔm pɛpɛɛpɛ a, esiw nhyehyɛe mu mmerɛwyɛ ahorow a wɔnhwɛ kwan ano. Ɛsan nso yi adesoa akɛse a wɔde besi ananmu no fi hɔ. Saa akwankyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri yi de nhyehyɛe a egyina adanse so a wɔde bɛte rust bere nhyehyɛe pɔtee ase ma. Yɛbɛboa wo ma woahu mmeae a ɛho hia a nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia di huammɔ na woahwehwɛ nnuru soronko a ɛwɔ zinc a wɔde kata so akyi. Wobɛsua nso sɛdeɛ wobɛkwati mfomsoɔ a ɛho ka yɛ den wɔ instɔlehyɛn mu te sɛ galvanic corrosion na ama wo nneɛma no nkwa nna a ɛtu mpɔn ayɛ kɛseɛ.
Nneɛma Titiriw a Wɔde Kɔ
Nkwa Nkyɛmu: Dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no tumi di mfe 211 wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu, nkuraase, nanso ebetumi asɛe wɔ nea ennu mfe 10 mu wɔ po mu tebea a ɛyɛ nwini 100% anaasɛ chloride pii wom mu.
The Chemistry of Protection: Adeɛ no gyina 'cathodic ahobanbɔ' ne zinc carbonate layer a ɛsa ne ho yareɛ so, a ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ afɔrebɔ akwansideɛ ma dadeɛ a ɛwɔ aseɛ no.
Red-Line Environments: Galvanization bedi nkogu sɛnea wɔahyɛ ho nkɔm sɛ wɔde hyɛ nkyene nsu mu koraa, wɔde to ɔhyew a ɛkɔ so boro 392°F (200°C) mu, anaasɛ wɔde to dade a ɛnsɛ te sɛ aluminium so tẽẽ a.
Adetɔ Gyinapɛn: Ɛsɛ sɛ hot-dip galvanization di ASTM A123 thickness gyinapɛn so na ama wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ mfitiaseɛ no bɛtena ase akyɛ ama aguadi.
Adwinnade Titiriw: Sɛnea Dade a Wɔde Galvanized Ayɛ no Twe Nkyene
Beyond Surface Coatings a Wɔde Kata So
Mfiridwumayɛfo pii di mfomso susuw sɛ galvanization yɛ ade a ɛnyɛ den a wɔde kata so a ɛte sɛ paint. Ɛsono sɛnea Galvanized Steel yɛ adwuma. Hot-dip galvanization nhyehyɛe no de dade a wɔannoa no hyɛ zinc a wɔabɔ no aguaree mu. Saa aguaree yi du ɔhyew a emu yɛ den a efi 440°C kosi 460°C ntam. Wɔ ɔhyew a ano yɛ den yi mu no, zinc no ne dade no yɛ dade. Wɔbom yɛ aduru a wɔde afrafra a ɛyɛ den. Eyi ma nnuru a ɛka bom ba sen sɛ ɛbɛma mfiri a ɛbata ho bere tiaa bi.
Cathodic Ahobammɔ (Afɔrebɔ Anode) .
Saa ade yi mu nyansa ankasa gyina kathodic ahobammɔ so. Zinc da so ara yɛ adwuma kɛse wɔ oxygen ne nsu mu. Esiane saa adeyɛ yi nti, zinc a ɛwɔ mu no di kan yɛ oxidize. Ɛhyɛ da yɛ adwuma sɛ afɔrebɔ anode. Zinc no gyae ne ɛlɛtrɔnik no ma ɛkora dade ne karbon a ɛwɔ ase no so. Sɛ wim tebea a emu yɛ den tow hyɛ dade no so denneennen mpo a, dade a ɛwɔ ase no kɔ so yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ bere tenten a zinc a ɛwɔ mu no kɔ so tra hɔ no.
Zinc Carbonate Akwanside no
Nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma nnidiso nnidiso pɔtee bi na ɛde akwanside a etwa to a ɛma nkannare no ba. Sɛ zinc a ɛho tew ne mframa a ɛwɔ wim yɛ adwuma a, ɛyɛ zinc oxide. Sɛ saa oxide yi hyia nsu a, ɛbɛyɛ zinc hydroxide. Awiei koraa no, saa hydroxide yi ne carbon dioxide a ɛwɔ mframa mu no yɛ adwuma. Saa adeyɛ a etwa to yi ma wonya zinc carbonate. Zinc carbonate yɛ patina a entumi nwura mu a ɛyɛ tuntum a ɛyɛ fitaa wɔ soro. Saa ade a ɛyɛ den yi siw oxygen ne nsu a ɛkɔ mu bio no kwan wɔ honam fam.
'Nea Ɔsa ne Ho Yareɛ' Agyapadeɛ
Akwanhyia sisi bere a wɔde rekɔ ne bere a wɔde rehyɛ mu no. Nea eye ne sɛ, nsensanee nketenkete a ɛkɔ a dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no rensɛe ntɛm ara. Ade a wɔde kata so no wɔ su soronko bi a ɛma ɛsa ne ho yare. Sɛ adwinnade a ano yɛ nnam ma dade a ɛda hɔ kwa no da adi a, zinc a atwa ho ahyia no yɛ adwuma wɔ anyinam ahoɔden mu. Zinc ions no tu kɔ baabi foforo de siw nsonsonoe nketenkete ano. Wɔkata dade a ɛda adi no so yiye na wɔsan de akwanside a ɛbɔ ho ban no si hɔ a nsa mfa wɔn ho nnye mu.
Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Nokwasɛm Nhwehwɛmu: Nkwa Nna Ho Nsɛm & Rust Triggers
Worentumi nsusuw nneɛma nkwa nna ho pɛpɛɛpɛ a wonsusuw deployment tebea pɔtee no ho. Wim tebea ahorow di zinc a ɛbɔ ho ban no wɔ ɔkwan soronko koraa so.
5-Tier Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Matrix
Mpɛn pii no, nnwuma gyinapɛn ahorow no kyekyɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu asiane ahorow mu gu ahorow a ɛsono emu biara. Yebetumi agyina abɔnten tebea horow yi so katee asusuw nkwa nna a wɔhwɛ kwan ho.
Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Su |
Nkwa Bere a Wɔhwɛ kwan |
Primary Rust Triggers & Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ |
Nkuraase / Nkurow akyi |
75 kosi 200+ mfe |
Nsuo tena ase 60%. Sulfur ne chloride dodow a ɛba fam koraa. Tebea horow a eye sen biara a wɔde bɛkora zinc so bere tenten. |
Mfiridwuma mu |
mfe 40 kosi 80 |
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) a ɛwɔ mframa mu a efi mframa a ano yɛ den mu ba no ma mpɔtam hɔ pH dodow so tew. Mframa a asikre wom no di zinc a ɛwɔ mu no ntɛmntɛm. |
Po so a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew |
Mfe 30 kosi 60 |
Mpoano sum a ɛtaa tɔ ne nkyene a ɛkɔ fam a ɛkɔ fam. Nkyene sɛe zinc carbonate patina a ɛbɔ ho ban no. |
Po so Ahorow a Ɛwɔ Ɔhyew |
Mfe 10 kosi 30 |
Nsuo a ɛkɔ so boro 60% no ne sodium chloride a emu yɛ duru a ɛwɔ mframa mu no bom. Asiane a ɛyɛ hu kɛse sɛ ɛbɛsɛe. |
Nnwumayɛbea a emu yɛ den |
Wɔn a wonnii mfe 15 |
Nnuru a ɛsɛe ade kɛse, acid a ɛtra so, anaa mmeae a ɛyɛ nwini kɛse a wɔatoto mu te sɛ kar hohoro a wɔtɔn no a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu tẽẽ. |
Asase ne Asie a Ɛsakra
Sɛ wosie nnua a wɔde galvanized ayɛ wɔ asase mu tẽẽ a, ɛde nneɛma a ɛsakra a ɛyɛ den ba. Wɔ asase a acid wom kɛse anaasɛ nsu ntumi nkɔ mu yiye mu no, nkwa nna so tew kɛse kodu mfe 35–50. Nsu a ɛkɔ so daa no mma zinc carbonate a ɛho hia no ntumi nkɔ. Bio nso, anyinam ahoɔden a ɛyera wɔ asase no mu no betumi ama nneɛma asɛe ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ wo dwumadi no hwehwɛ sɛ wosie wɔ asase a ɛyɛ basabasa so a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokyerɛ epoxy anaa bituminous a wɔde kata so foforo.
Ɔhyew Ho Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma
Ɔhyew a ano yɛ den de asɛnnennen foforo a ɛyɛ hu ba. Zinc a wɔde akata so no sɛe ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔhyew a ɛboro 392°F (200°C) a wɔkɔ so de hyɛ mu no mu. Wɔ saa aboboano yi so no, aduru a wɔde afrafra no fi ase twe ne ho fi dade a ɛwɔ nnyinaso no ho. Ɔhyew a ɛsakrasakra kɛse nso ma ɔhyew no trɛw ntɛmntɛm na ɛtwetwe. Saa nipadua mu kankyee yi si ade a wɔde kata so a entumi nkɔ so no so dua kɛse, na ɛma ɛpaapae na ɛpaapae.
Application & Installation Asiane: Nea enti a Deployments di nkogu ntɛm
Nneɛma a wɔayɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ mpo bedi nkogu sɛ wɔmfa nsi hɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so a. Ɛsɛ sɛ mfiridwuma akuw kwati mfiri pɔtee bi a wɔde yɛ adwini na amma nkannare ankɔ ntɛm.
Galvanic Corrosion (Ahunahuna a Ɛnsɛ Wɔ Dade) .
Galvanic corrosion da nsow sɛ mfiridwuma mu afiri a ɛho hia. Sɛ wode dade abien a ɛnyɛ pɛ si baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini tẽẽ a, anyinam ahoɔden mu adeyɛ bi kanyan. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔde aluminum owia ahoɔden mfiri a wɔde hyɛ fam a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no so tẽẽ a, ɛma wotumi di huammɔ ntɛmntɛm. Zinc no yɛ adwuma sɛ anode a ɛkɔ aluminium cathode no mu, na ɛpete ntɛmntɛm.
Adeyɛ a Eye sen biara: Bere nyinaa hyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nneɛma a ɛnyɛ dade nni dwuma a wɔde yi nneɛma fi afoforo ho nhyɛ mu. Fa rɔba anaa plastic a emu yɛ duru a ɛda dade ahorow ntam di dwuma.
Mfomso a Ɛtaa Di: Wɔde dade a ɛnyɛ den a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere mprɛte a wɔde galvanized ayɛ a enni nylon washer a ɛbɔ ho ban bedi dwuma.
Nsuo & Nsuo a Wɔboaboa Ano Micro-wim tebea
Ɛsɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde yɛ adan no de nsu a wɔde fa mu di kan. Sɛ nsu a ɛyɛ tratraa ma osutɔ nsu a acid wom boaboa ano a, zinc a ɛwɔ mu no bɛko atia nsu a egyina hɔ bere nyinaa. Zinc carbonate akwanside a ɛho hia no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kyinhyia yɛ nsu na ɛyow na ama akɔ so ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den. Bio nso, nsu a wɔboaboa ano no hyɛ nsɔe ne lichen a ɛkora nsu so ho nkuran. Saa abɔde a nkwa wom a enyin yi ma abɔde mu acid a ɛnyɛ den fi nipadua mu. Bere kɔ so no, saa wim tebea nketenkete a acid wom yi bɛpete akwanside a ɛbɔ ho ban no ntɛm.
Nnuru a Ɛnhyia
Wɔde alkaline nneɛma a ɛyɛ hu ahyɛ mmeae a wosisi adan ma. Sɛ obi de ne ho hyɛ Portland semɛnte a ɛyɛ nsu mu a, ɛtow hyɛ zinc so ntɛmntɛm. Saa ara nso na plaster a chloride ne sulfates pii wom no sɛe zinc a ɛwɔ mu no bere a ɛreyɛ no yiye no. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode ahwɛyiye bɔ adan no afã horow a wɔde galvanized ayɛ ho ban fi atɛkyɛ anaa kɔnkrit a ɛyɛ nsu a ɛbɛpetepete so bere a woreyɛ abo a ɛbɛn ho adwuma no.
Nneɛma a Wɔde Si Anan: Bere a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wokyerɛ Stainless anaa Aluminium mmom
Adwumayɛfo adetɔ hwehwɛ sɛ wohu bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wotwe wɔn ho fi ade pɔtee bi ho. Galvanization di aguadi mu ahiade dodow no ara ho dwuma, nanso ehyia anohyeto ahorow a emu yɛ den.
Bere a Galvanized Steel yɛ Paw a ɛnteɛ
Nneɛma bi a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛwɔ nkyerɛwde kɔkɔɔ no hyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nneɛma foforo nsi ananmu ntɛm ara.
Po mu Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma Wɔ Nsu Mu Koraa: Nkyene nsu a ɛkɔ so no hohoro zinc a ɛwɔ mu no honam fam ansa na zinc carbonate patina a ɛho hia no atumi agyina. Sɛ wopɛ po so afasu, hyɛmma kwan, anaa adum a ɛwɔ nsu ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokyerɛ 316L Stainless Steel mmom.
Ɔhyew a Ɛboro So a Wɔde Di Dwuma: Mpɛn pii no, mmeae a wɔyɛ nneɛma no boro 200°C bere nyinaa. Fononoo mu nneɛma anaa mframa a wɔde gu mu a emu yɛ duru sɛe zinc a wɔde akata so no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔ saa tebea horow yi mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde afrafrade a ɛyɛ hyew kɛse a wɔansiesie anaasɛ aluminium titiriw a wɔde ɔhyew ayɛ di dwuma.
Ɛka vs. Mu duru Aguadi-offs
Ɛsɛ sɛ wokari pɛ wɔ nhyehyɛe mu ahwehwɛde ahorow ne sikasɛm mu anohyeto ahorow ho. Dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no ma ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro kɛse a ɛtwetwe nneɛma a ɛho ka sua koraa sen aluminium a wɔde yɛ ɔdan no. Eyi ma ɛyɛ nea eye ma adan a emu yɛ duru a wɔde besisi fam, akwan akɛse so awɛmfo, ne nnua akɛse a wɔde si dan so. Nanso, dade yɛ den na emu yɛ duru. Wɔ owia ahoɔden a wɔde si ɔdan atifi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ nneɛma a wɔde fa nneɛma a emu yɛ hare fam no, afã horow a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no taa boro anohyeto a wɔde soa adesoa no so. Wɔ saa nsɛm no mu no, extruded aluminium bɛyɛ upgrade a ɛho hia ɛmfa ho sɛ ne bo yɛ den.
Nsiesiei ne Nea Wodi Ho Dwuma: Nkwa Nkwa no a Wɔbɛtrɛw
Asetra mu nhyehyɛe a ɛfata fi ase bere a nneɛma no adu w’adwumayɛbea hɔ no. Ahwɛyiye a wɔde di ho dwuma no ma mfe du du pii fi nkwa nna a wɔhwɛ kwan no so.
Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Nneɛma a wɔkora so yiye a galvanized steel coil ho hia koraa ansa na wɔafi ase ayɛ. Nkratafa anaa nhama a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛbɛn no nni mframa a ɛfata. Sɛ osu anaa nsu a ɛyɛ nwini hyɛn saa nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano denneennen yi mu a, nsu a akyea no de asiane ba. Sɛ carbon dioxide ansen kwa a, dade no ntumi nyɛ zinc carbonate. Mmom no, ɛyɛ zinc hydroxide, a wɔtaa frɛ no 'white rust.' Saa powder fitaa a ɛboaboa ano yi ma ahobammɔ a ɛwɔ mfiase no yɛ mmerɛw daa. Fa nneɛma a wɔanhyehyɛ no sie dan mu anaa wɔ ntama a ɛkɔ soro a ɛma ahome ase bere nyinaa.
SOP ma Nneɛma nketenkete a Wɔasɛe no a Wosiesie
Mfiridwumayɛfo a wɔyɛ beae a wɔyɛ adwuma no taa twetwe nneɛma bere a wɔde nneɛma a emu yɛ duru resisi hɔ no. Wohia adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ katee (SOP) a wode bedi saa ɔsɛe yi ho dwuma.
Hwɛ sɛnea Asɛe no: Hwɛ sɛ ebia nsensanee no da dade a ɛda hɔ kwa na ɛhyerɛn adi anaasɛ sɛ nkannare afi ase reyɛ dedaw anaa.
Ahosiesie a Wobɛma Ayɛ Bbrɛoo: Mfa dade aboa nhoma, waya brɔs, anaa abrasive pressure washing nni dwuma mfa nsiesie beae no. Abrasives bɛsɛe zinc a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a atwa ho ahyia no. Fa aduru a ɛnyɛ den yi srade ne efĩ fi hɔ.
Neutralize: Sɛ wopɛ mmeae a nkannare wɔ baabi a, fa aduru a wɔde dannan nkannare a wɔtɔn no di beae no ho dwuma. Eyi ma oxidation a ɛyɛ nnam no yɛ nea ɛnyɛ hwee.
Nsɔano na Bɔ Ho Ban: Fa primer a emu yɛ duru a ɛyɛ nea ɛfata wɔ nnwuma mu a zinc wom gu so. Hwɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, zinc mfutuma 92% wɔ primer no mu wɔ ne mu duru mu wɔ dry film no mu na ama ayɛ cathodic ahobammɔ no ho mfonini.
Nsiesiei a Wɔyɛ no Daa Protocol
Sɛ obi betumi atra ase akyɛ wɔ mmeae a emu yɛ den a, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wosiesie no denneennen. Mfiridwuma mu nsu a ɛtɔ, titiriw SO2 mu nneɛma nketenkete, kɔtra nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro so bere kɔ so no. Sɛ wɔde nnuru a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho a ɛnyɛ den a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw hohoro bere ne bere mu a, eyi efĩ a ɛsɛe ade yi fi hɔ yiye. Afe abien nhyehyɛe a wɔde siesie nneɛma no kora zinc carbonate a ɛwɔ so no so na esiw amena a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ no ano. Fa nsu pa hohoro mu yiye bere nyinaa na ama woayi nnuru a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho nkae biara afi hɔ.
Awie
Dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ da so ara yɛ nea ɛho ka sua kɛse na wotumi de ho to so wɔ nhyehyɛe mu mfe du du pii. Nanso, saa ahotoso yi yɛ nokware sɛ tebea a wɔde di dwuma no tra nnuru, ɔhyew, ne nsu anohyeto a wonim mu a. Sɛ wohu mmerɛwyɛ pɔtee a ɛwɔ zinc carbonate a ɛwɔ mu no mu a, ɛtetew nnwuma a edi mu, a wɔde mfe ɔha pii ayɛ no fi huammɔdi a ne bo yɛ den a ɛkɔɔ so mfe du no mu.
Sɛ́ adetɔfo anaa adwuma no ho mfiridwumayɛfo no, ɛsɛ sɛ anammɔn a edi hɔ a wobɛyɛ no yɛ nea wobɛyɛ ntɛm. Hwɛ beae a wopɛ sɛ wode si hɔ no ho nhwehwɛmu titiriw wɔ chloride a ɛwɔ mframa mu, SO2 dodow, ne nsu a ɛkɔ so wɔ baabi a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no ho. Hwɛ wo adansi ho nhyehyɛe ahorow mu na hwɛ hu sɛ design schematics bu akontaa ma dissimilar metal isolation ansa na woawie wo material specs. Ɛdenam obu a wubebu wɔ nnuru ahye a ɛwɔ zinc mu so no, wubetumi de ahotoso de saa ade a ɛyɛ den yi adi dwuma na woanya mfaso a ɛyɛ nwonwa afi wo sika a wode asie wɔ nhyehyɛe mu no mu.
FAQ
Asɛmmisa: So dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no yɛ nkannare ntɛmntɛm sen dade a ɛnyɛ den?
A: Yiw, wɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ hyew kɛse te sɛ nkyene nsu mu no, dade a ɛnyɛ den kyɛ sen nneɛma a wɔde galvanized ayɛ no kɛse. Dade a ɛnyɛ den de ne ho to chromium oxide a wɔde ahyɛ mu so ma ɛbɔ ho ban. Saa ɔfa yi nsɛe bere a bere kɔ so no. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, galvanization de zinc a wɔde bɔ afɔre na edi dwuma. Sɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no di zinc yi koraa a, dade a ɛwɔ ase no bɛyɛ oxidize ntɛmntɛm na ayɛ nwunu.
Asɛmmisa: So wubetumi ayɛ adwini wɔ dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ a ayɛ mmerɛw so?
A: Ɛnsɛ sɛ wode paint gu nkannare a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no so tẽẽ da. Ɛsɛ sɛ wodi kan yɛ nea ɛwɔ soro no ho adwuma yiye. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode aduru a wɔde dannan nkannare a wɔtɔn gu so na ama oxidation no ayɛ nea ɛho nhia. Sɛ woyɛ saa anammɔn yi wie a, fa primer a zinc pii wom a ɛyɛ adwumayɛbea no gyinapɛn gu so. Sɛ wuhuruw anammɔn yi a, nkannare a ɛwɔ ase no bɛma paint foforo no ayɛ bubble na ayɛ delaminate ntɛm ara.
Q: Dɛn ne 'white rust' wɔ galvanized dade so?
A: White rust yɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ powder a ɛboaboa ano, a wɔde nnuru frɛ no zinc hydroxide. Ɛba bere a nneɛma a wɔde galvanized ayɛ foforo hyia nsu a ɛwɔ hɔ a carbon dioxide a ɛdɔɔso nni atwa ho ahyia no. Sɛ carbon dioxide nni hɔ a, zinc carbonate patina a ɛbɔ ho ban no ntumi nnyɛ. Saa asɛm yi taa si bere a wɔkora nneɛma a wɔakyekyere no yiye anaasɛ coils a ɛmfata so wɔ baabi a nsu bɛkyere no.
