Insimbi engaphekiwe isalokhu iyisici esiyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezimboni zesimanje nasekukhiqizeni. Ochwepheshe abaningi ngephutha bacabanga ukuthi le nto eqinile ayinakho ukonakala ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, iyagqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ikufeza lokhu ngomklamo othile wobunjiniyela. Isendlalelo se-zinc sangaphandle sisebenza njenge-anode yomhlatshelo. Iyancipha ngokwemvelo ukuvikela isisekelo se-carbon yangaphakathi esisengozini ezintweni zangaphandle ezinokhahlo.
Emaqenjini okuthenga, onjiniyela besakhiwo, nabaphathi bephrojekthi, amashifu e-metric okuhlola okuyinhloko. Akumele ugxile ekuvimbeleni ukucekelwa phansi ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele ubale ngqo ukuthi izinto zizophela nini futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ezithile. Ukubikezela okunembile kukuvumela ukuthi ucacise izingxenye ezifanele zomjikelezo wakho wokuphila wephrojekthi ohlosiwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe uhlukanisa izikhathi eziqondile zokuqedwa kanye nokuba sengozini kwemvelo. Uzofunda ukuthi izimo zomoya ezihlukene zisheshisa kanjani ukugqokwa kwesakhiwo. Siphinde sihlole izinhlaka zokucaciswa eziqinisekisiwe. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuhlaziya okusekelwe ebufakazini kunikeza idatha oyidingayo ukuze ukwandise isikhathi eside sengxenye futhi ugweme ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Ukugqwala kuwumcimbi ohleliwe: I-zinc coating ihloselwe ukunciphisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; Ubude besikhathi sokuphila bulingana ngokuqondile nokuqina kwe-zinc kanye nobudlova bemvelo.
Amafasitela okusebenza aphephile: Izimbozo ezifakwe uthayela zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezine-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0 no-12.0.
Izindawo ezeqisayo zisheshisa ukwehluleka: I-High-chloride (yasolwandle), ukucwiliswa emanzini (okuqinile uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi athambile), kanye nezicelo ezingaphansi komhlaba (inhlabathi ene-asidi) zidinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kanye nezingubo zesibili ezingaba khona (amasistimu e-duplex).
Ifomu lisho ukuba sengozini: Ukuchayeka konqenqemeni ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ishidi lensimbi noma umqulu owenziwe ikhoyili yensimbi yethula izingozi zokugqwala zendawo ezidinga ukuncishiswa.
Uhlaka Lomhlatshelo: Indlela I-Zinc Ibambezela Ngayo Ukwehluleka
Sivame ukulindela ukuthi izimbobo zezimboni zisebenze njengezihlangu zomzimba ezingangeneki. I-Zinc isebenza ngomshini we-electrochemical ohluke ngokuphelele. Isebenza ngokukhethekile njenge-anode yomhlatshelo. Kunoma yimuphi umbhangqwana we-galvanic, insimbi esebenza kakhulu igqwala ngokukhethekile ukuze ivikele i-cathode engasebenzi kancane. Ungqimba lwezinc lwangaphandle ludela ngokukhululekile ubuningi balo ukuze luvimbele inkaba ye-carbon engaphansi ekubeni i-oxidizing.
Lokhu kuziphatha kokuvikela kuyaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokulimala komshini. Uma ukuklwebheka okujulile kuveza insimbi engenalutho, i-zinc ezungezile iyaqhubeka nokunikeza ukuvikeleka okusebenzayo kwe-galvanic. Inqamula izakhi ezonakalisayo. Le ndlela eyingqayizivele ye-cathodic ivimbela ukugqwala ukuthi kunganwabuki ngaphansi koqweqwe oluqinile, indawo evamile yokwehluleka kopende abavimbelayo abajwayelekile.
Amamodeli Wokuqedwa Komugqa
Ukuwohloka kwe-zinc akuyona into eguquguqukayo. Ilandela amamodeli okuncishiswa komugqa abikezelwa kakhulu. Lapho itholakala emkhathini ovamile, i-zinc surface isabela nomoya-mpilo, amanzi nesikhutha. Lokhu kusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwakha ungqimba oluminyene, olungancibiliki lwe-zinc carbonate. Lokhu sikubiza nge-zinc patina. Le patina engenzi lutho igezeka ngenani elilinganisekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Onjiniyela babala lokhu kulahlekelwa besebenzisa idatha yemvelo enkulu. Uma ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kukhombisa izinga lokuncipha lendawo le-micron eyodwa ngonyaka, i-85-micron coating izovikela ngokuhlelekile isakhiwo iminyaka engama-85. Ungakwazi ukubikezela ama-milestones okungenelela ngokunembile ngokusebenzisa lawa mafomula omugqa ekuguquguqukeni komkhathi okuqondene nesayithi.
Umkhuba 'Ukugqwala Okumhlophe'
Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlukanise phakathi kwesigaba sokuqala se-oxidation kanye nokwehluleka kwesiphetho. Ukuxilonga okungalungile kuvame ukuholela ekwenqatshweni kwempahla okungadingekile.
Ukugqwala Okumhlophe: Lokhu kubonakala njengento emhlophe e-chalky, eyimpuphu ngaphezulu. Imele i-zinc oxidation yesigaba sokuqala, ngokuvamile ebangelwa umswakama oboshiwe ngaphandle kokugeleza komoya okwanele. Iyibala lesitoreji futhi ayivamisile ukuba nomthelela wobuqotho besakhiwo uma iphathwa ngokushesha.
I-Red Rust: Lokhu kubonisa ukwehluleka kwe-terminal base-metal. Ukubonakala kwe-iron oxide emnyama emnyama noma emnyama kusho ukuthi ungqimba lwezinki oluvikelayo luqedwe ngokuphelele kuleyo ndawo yendawo ethile. Kufanele wenze ukulungisa ngokushesha kwesakhiwo lapho kuvela ukugqwala okubomvu.
I-Environmental Thresholds: Ukuhlola Ukusebenza Kwephrojekthi
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa Insimbi Engakhanyisiwe emhlabeni wonke kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Izinto zisebenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kuye ngokuchayeka komkhathi namakhemikhali. Kufanele uhlole iwindi lokusebenza ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokucaciswa.
I-Atmospheric Exposure (Solar, Izakhiwo Zangaphandle)
Ukwakheka komkhathi kunquma ubude bempilo bezakhiwo zangaphandle ezifana nemigqa yelanga nemibhoshongo yokudlulisela. Izindawo zasemadolobheni ngokuvamile zinezinga eliphezulu le-sulphur dioxide ephuma ezimotweni. Izindawo zezimboni zikhipha izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zinhlanganisela zesibabule zixubana nomswakama ozungezile ukuze zenze i-sulfuric acid epholile. Le asidi ngokushesha incibilikisa i-zinc carbonate patina evikelayo. Ngakho-ke, amazinga okuncipha kwezimboni avame ukuphinda kabili lawo abonwa ezindaweni ezihlanzekile.
Izindawo zasemaphandleni ngokuvamile zinikeza imijikelezo yokuphila emide kakhulu. Afaka ukugxilisa okungcolisayo okuhamba komoya okuphansi kanye nomswakama omaphakathi. Ingxenye ehlala iminyaka engamashumi amathathu enkabeni yedolobha ingaphila kalula iminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili endaweni eyomile, yasemakhaya.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphansi kwamanzi (Izimo Zasemanzini)
Ukucwiliswa kwezinsimbi kwethula okuguquguqukayo kwamakhemikhali amanzi. Ukusebenza kwe-zinc emanzini kuncike ngokuphelele kumaminerali ancibilikisiwe nokuqukethwe kukasawoti.
Ukuvezwa Kwamanzi Kanzima: Amanzi aqinile aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-calcium ne-magnesium. Lawa maminerali agxumela phezu kwensimbi, enze isikali esivikelayo esingangeneki. Lesi sikali simisa ngempumelelo ukuqhubeka nokuhlakazeka kwe-zinc, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu kwesikhathi eside.
I-Soft Water Exposure: Amanzi athambile awanawo la maminerals avikelayo. Ngaphandle kokwakheka kwesikali, amanzi athambile ahlala encibilikisa i-zinc surface ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kufanele ulinganise amazinga okuncipha eduze kulezi zindawo.
Amanzi anosawoti kanye nasolwandle: Izindawo zasolwandle zinenzondo ne-zinc. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-chloride okusheshayo kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-zinc carbonate patina ezinzile. Ungqimba luhlala luncibilika kakhulu futhi lugezwa ngokushesha. Izicelo zasolwandle zinciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwengxenye, okudinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela ngokumelene nama-alloys aqinile.
Ukuthintana Kwangaphansi Nomhlaba
Ukungcwatshwa kwenhlabathi okuqondile kwethula okuguquguqukayo kokwehluleka okuningi okufihliwe. Ukumelana nomhlabathi kusebenza njengenkomba eyinhloko yokugqwala. Ukumelana okuphezulu kubonisa ukungahambi kahle kukagesi, okuholela emazingeni aphansi okugqwala. Ukumelana okuphansi kusho ama-ion ageleza ngokukhululekile, asheshisa ukuwohloka.
Okuqukethwe umswakama kanye namazinga e-pH kuqhubezela phambili ukuxaka izicelo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Umhlabathi one-acidic ephezulu (pH ngaphansi kuka-6.0) ukhumula ngokugcwele i-zinc coating. Ukungcwatshwa okuqondile enhlabathini enjalo kudinga ukujiya okujwayelekile okunamathelayo. Ngokuvamile kufanele usebenzise ukuvikela okungeziwe kwesithiyo, okufana nopende osindayo we-bitumastic noma imikhono ye-epoxy ekhethekile, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ishadi Lereferensi Yokuwohloka Kwemvelo
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwendawo |
I-ejenti Edlayo Eyisisekelo |
I-Zinc Depletion Rate |
Umthelela Wesikhathi Sokuphila Okulindelekile |
I-Rural Atmospheric |
I-oxidation evamile / Umswakama |
Phansi |
Ubude besikhathi eside obunwetshiwe |
I-Industrial Atmospheric |
Sulfur dioxide / Acid imvula |
Okuphakathi-Phezulu |
Ukwehliswa okumaphakathi kwesikhathi sokuphila |
Osolwandle (Amanzi anosawoti) |
Ama-chloride emoyeni aphezulu |
Phezulu kakhulu |
Ukwehliswa okukhulu kwesikhathi sokuphila |
Ukucwiliswa emanzini (Amanzi Aqinile) |
Okuncane (Ukwakheka kwesikali) |
Phansi |
Ukusebenza okuzinzile, isikhathi eside |
I-Underground (I-Acidic Soil) |
I-pH ephansi / Umswakama ophezulu |
Phezulu |
Idinga umgoqo owengeziwe |
Izinto Ezingokoqobo Zokwenziwa: Ikhoyili Yensimbi Ekhangayo vs. Ishidi
Isimo somzimba wezinto ozithengile zikhomba ukuthambekela kwakho ekulimaleni kwendawo. Ukuphatha impahla eluhlaza kuthonya kakhulu ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Kufanele uphathe ubungozi obuthile ngokusekelwe kusici sefomu oyikhethayo.
Izinqumo Zokuthengwa Kwempahla Nezingozi Zesitoreji
Ubhekana nezinselele ezihluke ngokuphelele lapho uphatha inqwaba ikhoyili yensimbi ebilisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthenga izitaki zeshidi elisikiwe ngaphambili. Amakhoyili alinyazwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Uma igcinwe ngaphandle ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, isenzo se-capillary sidonsa ngokushesha umswakama we-ambient phakathi kwezingqimba zensimbi ezifakwe ngokuqinile. Lokhu kufiphala okuvalelekile akunakho ukuchayeka kwe-carbon dioxide, okuvimbela ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwe-zinc patina evikelayo. Kunalokho, ukugqwala okumhlophe okunamandla kudla indawo engaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba kungene ekwenziweni.
Amashidi ayisicaba ayisikwe ngaphambilini aletha izinselele ezahlukene. Amabhlogo enqwabelene angafanele umoya odingekayo. Kufanele uwagcine endlini, aphakeme ukusuka phansi, ngokuthambekela okuncane ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza kwamanzi anele.
Ingozi 'Cut Edge'
Amasu okukhiqiza ajwayelekile afaka engozini ngokwemvelo imigoqo yensimbi eqhubekayo. Uma ugunda, ushaya ngesibhakela, noma ubhoboza ingxenye efakwe ngaphambili, ususa ungqimba oluvikelayo endaweni yomthelela. Lokhu kudala unqenqema oluveziwe lwensimbi eluhlaza.
Ngenkathi i-zinc ezungezile izama ukunikeza ukuvikeleka kwe-cathodic kulo mkhawulo osanda kuvezwa, ukufinyelela kwayo okusebenzayo kunomkhawulo. Ukusikwa okuwumngcingo kungase kuthole isivikelo se-galvanic esanele. Kodwa-ke, amashekeli abanzi noma ukusikwa kwesakhiwo esindayo kwethula ama-vectors okugqwala ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yokushisela ishisa i-zinc ngokuphelele ejoyintini, ibhubhise konke ukuvikeleka kwendawo futhi idinga ukubuyiselwa okuqinile kwangemva kokushisela.
Ukunciphisa Kwezokukhiqiza
Onjiniyela bathembele kumaphrothokholi aqinile okunciphisa ukuvikela izindawo zokwenziwa ezisengozini. Ukusingatha imiphetho emisiwe ngendlela efanele kuvimbela ukwehluleka okwenziwe kwasendaweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Amakhompiyutha Akhanda Amanzi: Ochwepheshe baxubha noma bafafaze opende bemvelo abacebile nge-zinc ngqo emaphethelweni asanda kusikwa. Lezi zinhlanganisela ziqukethe uthuli lwezinc olufika ku-90%. Babuyisela ukuvikelwa kwe-galvanic okuyisisekelo emigqeni yokugunda emincane futhi babhoboze izimbobo ngempumelelo.
I-Metallization Touch-Ups: Ezindaweni ezinkulu ezilimele, abakhiqizi basebenzisa isifutho se-zinc esishisayo ukuze bakhe kabusha isendlalelo sokuvikela ngokuhlelekile.
I-Post-Fabrication Hot-Dip Galvanizing: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kufanele ugweme isitokwe esifakwe ngaphambili ngokuphelele. Kunalokho, yenza yonke ingxenye ngensimbi emnyama eluhlaza, uyishisele, bese ucwilisa ukuhlanganiswa okuqediwe ku-zinc encibilikisiwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imiphetho namajoyinti athola ukuvikeleka okuphezulu, okungaphazamiseki.
Ezinye izindlela zokufakwa kuhlu olufushane: Kufanele Ucaciswe Nini Amasistimu E-Duplex noma I-Stainless
Nakuba i-zinc coatings ihamba phambili ezimweni ezilinganiselwe, izindawo ezithile zidinga amasu okuvikela aphakeme. Kufanele uqaphele lapho izindlela ezijwayelekile zifinyelela imikhawulo yazo yobunjiniyela.
I-Duplex System Strategy
Uma izimo zomkhathi zidlula amawindi okusebenza ajwayelekile, sisebenzisa amasistimu angama-duplex. Leli su libandakanya ukusebenzisa upende okhethekile noma i-powder coating ngqo phezu kwesisekelo se-zinc. Le nhlanganisela idala umgoqo onamandla we-synergistic.
Isendlalelo sikapende sangaphandle sivikela i-zinc engaphansi ekukhathaleni kwemvelo. Ngokubuyisela, i-zinc engaphansi ivimbela ukugqwala ukuthi kunganwabuki ngaphansi kopende uma ingaphandle liklwejwa. Lokhu kusebenzisana kwe-synergistic kwandisa ubude besikhathi sengxenye sengqikithi ngo-1.5x kuya ku-2.5x uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-zinc engenalutho kuphela. I-Duplex coatings imele indinganiso ephambili yezakhi zezakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezibhekene nezimo zezulu ezinolaka.
I-Galvanized vs. Stainless Steel Decision Matrix
Onjiniyela bahlale behlola izingxenye ezimbozwe nge-zinc ngokumelene nezinye eziqinile ezingenasici. Lesi sinqumo sisekela ku-matrix eqinile yokulinganisa izimfuneko zezicaciso zokuqala ngokumelene nemijikelezo yokulungisa yesikhathi eside.
Ama-alloys angenasici asebenzisa i-chromium ukuze akhe isendlalelo se-oxide esisheshayo, esizilungisayo. Bamelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-chloride kangcono kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi i-zinc coating. Nokho, bafuna ukunikezwa okukhulu kwezinsiza zokuqala. Sicacisa ama-zinc coatings ozimele abakhulu besakhiwo, uthango, nengqalasizinda yomgwaqo omkhulu lapho kudingeka khona umthamo omkhulu. Sigodla ama-alloys angenasici ukuze uthole izibophelelo ezinembayo, amathangi okucubungula amakhemikhali, nezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha zasolwandle ezibalulekile lapho ukuqina okudlulele kudlula ukungqubuzana kwezicaciso zasekuqaleni.
Ukunciphisa Ubungozi Nokulahlwa Kwempahla
Kufanele ulahle i-zinc ngokuphelele ezimeni ezithile ezinobungozi obukhulu. Izindawo zokucubungula amakhemikhali ane-asidi ephezulu (pH ngaphansi kuka-5.0) zincibilikisa i-zinc ngamanani enhlekelele. Ukucwiliswa njalo emanzini anosawoti ngaphandle kokuvikela okungeziwe kwe-cathodic kuqinisekisa ukuncipha ngokushesha. Uma ucacise a ishidi lensimbi elikhangayo lezicelo zesikhathi eside zasolwandle ngaphansi kolwandle, lizohluleka ngokubikezelwa. Kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, ama-polymer angenayo noma izinsimbi ezingasasebenzi ezixutshwe kakhulu ziba yigunya lobunjiniyela eliqinile.
Amazinga Okuthobela kanye Nesibikezelo Somjikelezo Wokuphila
Awukwazi ukusekela ukusebenza kwephrojekthi ekuqagelweni okubonakalayo. Ochwepheshe bemboni bathembele ohlakeni oluqinile lokulinganisa ukuze baqinisekise ukukhuthazela kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukusungula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuyisisekelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zihlangabezana nezinhloso ezihlosiwe zomjikelezo wempilo.
Ukulinganisa i-Spec
Kufanele uphoqelele ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zamazwe ngamazwe ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Ukucaciswa kwe-ASTM kunikeza imithetho eyisisekelo yokuqina kwe-zinc eyamukelekayo. Isibonelo, i-ASTM A123 ibusa ubuncane obamukelekayo benqwaba yemikhiqizo yesakhiwo se-hot-dip. I-ASTM A653 ibeka izidingo zokunamathela eziqhubekayo zezinto zeshidi ezakhiwe ngama-roll.
Abahlinzeki bakala lobu gqinsi bokwemboza ngama-mils noma ama-microns. Ukucacisa lezi zilinganiso ezinembile kumadokhumenti akho okuthenga kuqinisekisa ukuzivikela okuyisisekelo. Uvikela ukuziphatha okubikezelwe, okujwayelekile kunokuthembela kokuguquguqukayo kokukhiqiza okungahambisani.
'Isikhathi Sokunakekela Kokuqala' (TFM)
Sihlola ubude bengxenye sisebenzisa amashadi 'Isikhathi Sokugcina Isondlo'. Lawa magrafu asezingeni lomkhakha ahlobanisa ubukhulu bezinki besisekelo esithile kanye nezigaba ezihlukile zomkhathi. Amashadi abikezela ngokuqondile ukuthi ukungenelela okuvikelekile kuzoba nini kudingekile ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho besakhiwo.
Isibonelo, ishadi lingase libonise ukuthi i-85-micron coating endaweni yezimboni izofinyelela ku-5% ukugqwala kwendawo eminyakeni engu-35. Lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sinquma ishejuli yakho yokulungisa. Ukusebenzisa idatha ye-TFM kuvumela amaqembu onjiniyela ukuthi ahlele ukungenelela kokupenda noma ukuhlanganisa amashumi eminyaka ngaphambili.
Ukuhlola Umthengisi
Ukuthola okuqukethwe kwekhwalithi kudinga ukuphenya ngezinqubo zokuphatha zomphakeli wakho. Kufanele ubuze imibuzo ecacile kakhulu ngaphambi kokwamukela ukulethwa okukhulu ukuze uvimbele ukuthola uhlu lwempahla olusengozini.
Yiziphi izinyathelo eziqondile zokulawula isimo sezulu ezilawula umswakama endaweni yakho yokugcina?
Ingabe uyayinikeza imibiko yokuhlolwa komshini wokugaya eqinisekisa ukujiya okunembile kwe-micron yesendlalelo se-zinc?
Uqinisekisa kanjani ukulandeleka okugcwele kwenkatho kusukela emshinini wokugaya ukuya endaweni yethu yokukhiqiza?
Yiziphi izindlela eziqondile zokungenisa umoya ozisebenzisayo lapho uthutha amakhoyili aminyene amabanga amade?
Isiphetho
Izingxenye ezifakwe uthayela zimelela esinye sezixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa nezivivinywe kakhulu ezimelana nokugqwala ezitholakala namuhla. Basebenzisa indlela yokunikela ehlakaniphile evikela ingqalasizinda ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, lesi sivikelo sihlala siphelele kuphela uma uhlonipha amafasitela athile okusebenza kwemvelo.
Kumelwe usuke ekubuzeni ukuthi ingabe okokusebenza kuzokwehla kuye ekubaleni umzila oqondile wokuphela kokuphela. Qala ngokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwesayithi okwenziwe kwasendaweni. Linganisa amazinga e-pH azungezile, qapha ukuswakama kwenhlabathi, futhi uhlole ama-chloride asemoyeni. Qonda ukuthi izingqinamba zokwenziwa ezifana namaphethelo asikiwe zidinga kanjani ukuncishiswa okukhethekile kwangemuva kokushisela. Okokugcina, buyekeza ukucaciswa komkhiqizo okuqondile eduze komnikezeli wakho noma i-metallurgist efanelekayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuphila isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokugunyaza ama-oda ezinto eziningi.
FAQ
Q: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi insimbi igqwale ngaphandle?
IMP: Ubude besikhathi sokuphila buncike ngokuphelele endaweni yomoya. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezithambile ezinomswakama ongathathi hlangothi, ukumbozwa kwe-zinc okujwayelekile kungahlala iminyaka engu-70 kuya kweyi-100 ngaphambi kokuba ukunakekelwa kudingeke. Ezimweni ezinzima zezimboni ezichayeke kakhulu ku-sulphur dioxide, ukugqwala okufanayo kungase kuqale ukubonisa ukugqwala okubomvu okungapheli eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwengu-40.
Umbuzo: Ungakwazi yini ukumisa ukugqwala okumhlophe ukuthi kungenzeki ezintweni ezigciniwe?
A: Yebo. Ukugqwala okumhlophe kuyakheka uma umswakama uvalelekile usabela ngokuqhubekayo nongqimba lwezinc. Ukunqanda ngokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okuqinile kanye nokugcina indawo eyomile yokugcina. Gcina amakhoyili namashidi ephakanyisiwe esuka phansi. Hlala uhlehlisa amashidi ayisicaba apakishwe kancane ukuze uvumele ukuminyanisa kuphume amanzi ngokukhululeka.
Q: Ingabe insimbi ethathiwe iphephile ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba?
IMP: Iphephile uma ihlolwe kahle, kodwa impumelelo incike kakhulu ezimeni ezithile zenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ene-asidi, ukugcinwa komswakama ophezulu, nokungazweli kahle kukagesi kuhlasela i-zinc ngamandla. Kufanele wenze ukuhlola okuphelele kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokungcwaba okuqondile. Izicelo eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba zidinga ama-zinc aminyene noma opende abakhethekile bokuvimbela i-bitumastic.
Umbuzo: Ingabe amanzi anosawoti abhubhisa izigqoko ezinamathayela?
A: Yebo. Amanzi anosawoti aqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwama-chloride. Lawa ma-chloride aphula ngamandla i-zinc carbonate patina evikelayo. Nakuba izingxenye ezimboziwe zingabekezelela isifutho sasolwandle esilula ngezikhathi ezithile, ukucwiliswa kwamanzi olwandle okuqhubekayo kusheshisa kakhulu ukuqedwa kongqimba. Sincoma ngokuqinile amasistimu e-duplex aqinile noma ezinye izindlela zengxubevange engagqwali ukuze uhlale obala olwandle.
