Ukwenza izinsimbi ezinamekwe nge-zinc kuveza inselele evamile kuyo yonke imboni yokukhiqiza. Ukushisela I-Galvanized Steel ingenzeka ngokuphelele. Ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezifanele, nokho, kubeka engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuphepha komsebenzisi. Ama-welders abhekana nalokhu kusebenzisana kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nsuku zonke. Ukwelapha ucezu lokusebenza olunamekwe nge-zinc ncamashi njengensimbi ye-carbon engenalutho kuzoholela ekuhloleni okuhlulekile kwesakhiwo. Kuphinde futhi kubangele ukugqwala okusheshayo, okungagwemeki endaweni Ethinteke Ukushisa (HAZ). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushisa i-zinc kudala izimo eziyingozi kakhulu zezitolo. Intuthu yensimbi enobuthi yenza isikweletu esikhulu sanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza. Sihlinzeka ngohlaka olucacile, olusekelwe ebufakazini lokuhlola ukuthi kushiselwa nini futhi kanjani lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo. Uzofunda izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-metallurgical futhi uvikele iqembu lakho. Futhi simboza izindinganiso eziqinile zokuthobela ezidingekayo ukuze ulondoloze ukumelana nokugqwala ekwakhiweni kwakho kokugcina.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Okungenzeka: Insimbi engaphekiwe ingashiselwa, inqobo nje uma i-zinc enamathela isuswa ngokuphelele endaweni yokushisela ngaphambi kokushaya i-arc.
Ukuvimbela Iphutha: Ukwehluleka ukuhlubula i-zinc kuphumela ekuqineni kwe-weld, ukufakwa, kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-intergranular ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wamaphoyinti okuncibilika phakathi kwe-zinc nensimbi.
Ukuphepha Okubalulekile: I-zinc efakwe umphunga ikhiqiza intuthu enobuthi obukhulu. I-PPE efanele kanye nokungena komoya kuyizimfuneko zomthetho nempilo okungaxoxiswana ngazo.
Ukuthobelana Kwe-Post-Weld: Ukushisela kubhubhisa ungqimba lwezinc oluvikelayo; ukwenziwa ngempumelelo kudinga ukubuyiselwa kwe-post-weld ngokuvumelana ngokuqinile namazinga we-ASTM A 780.
I-Metallurgical Reality ye-Welding Galvanized Steel
Ukuqonda i-physics yokwehluleka kwakha isisekelo sokwenziwa okuphephile. I-Zinc ibilisa futhi ihwamuke cishe ku-420°C (900°F). Insimbi, ngokuphambene, incibilika cishe ku-1500°C (2700°F). Lesi gebe esikhulu samazinga okushisa sidala inselele eyinhloko yobunjiniyela. Awukwazi ukuncibilikisa zombili izinsimbi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngendlela ezinzile.
Uma ishiselwe ngokuqondile, i-zinc iyahwamuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwe-arc. Ivaleleka ngaphakathi kwechibi lensimbi encibilikisiwe njengoba idamu liqina ngokushesha. Le gesi evalelekile idala i-porosity enkulu. Iphinde idale ukufakwa kanye nokuntuleka okuyingozi kokuhlanganisa. I-weld egcwele amaphakethe egesi ayikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo yesakhiwo.
Idatha yemboni ibonisa indlela ecacile eya phambili yobuqotho besakhiwo. Uma kulungiswe kahle ngokukhipha i-zinc ngokuphelele, amandla okukhathala ahlala eqinile. Ukuqina kokuphuka kwelunga elihlanzekile kufana nensimbi engamboziwe. Awulahlekelwa ukusebenza komshini uma ulandela imigomo eqinile yokulungiselela.
Ukuqhekeka kokungena kwe-zinc kuhlala kuyingozi enkulu ngesikhathi sokwenziwa. I-zinc ewuketshezi ingangena emingceleni yezinhlamvu zensimbi eqinile egcizelelwe. Simelana nale nkinga ethile yobunjiniyela ngokusebenzisa i-silicon ephansi noma ama-electrode e-rutile. Gcina okuqukethwe kwe-silicon ngaphansi kuka-0.2 Si ukuze unciphise lezi zingozi zokuqhekeka ngempumelelo.
Isimo Sempahla |
Ingozi ye-Weld Porosity |
Ukuqhekeka I-Risk Factor |
Umphumela Wobuqotho Besakhiwo |
I-Carbon Steel engenalutho |
Phansi |
Phansi |
Isisekelo Esijwayelekile |
I-Zinc Coating Engalungiselelwe |
Phezulu Kakhulu |
Okuphezulu (Ukungena kweZinc) |
Kufakwe Ebucayini Kakhulu |
Ihlanganiswe Ngokufanelekile |
Phansi |
Phansi (kusetshenziswa i-<0.2 Si Electrode) |
Kufana ne-Baseline |
Imithetho Engaxoxiswana Yezempilo, Ukuphepha, kanye Nokuthobelana
Ukuhogela intuthu ye-zinc oxide yethula izingozi ezinkulu zempilo ezisheshayo. Ama-opharetha achayeke ku-zinc ehwamukile ngokuvamile ahlakulela i-Metal Fume Fever. Baba nezimpawu ezinzima, ezinjengomkhuhlane ngemva nje kokuchayeka. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa isicanucanu esinamandla, ukugodola, umkhuhlane ophakeme, nobuhlungu bemisipha obukhulu. Lezi zifo ezizumayo zibeka eceleni abasebenzi abanamakhono futhi zidala izikweletu ezinzima emsebenzini.
Izitolo eziningi ngeshwa zisathembele ezinganekwaneni eziyingozi zasemsebenzini. Abanye abashiseli bakholelwa ngokweqiniso ukuphuza ubisi kuvimbela ubuthi bensimbi enzima. Kufanele silungise futhi siwachithe ngokushesha la mahemuhemu ayingozi esitolo. Ubisi aluwagqoki amaphaphu noma lumise ukumuncwa kwensimbi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Akukho nhlobo okungathatha indawo yezokudla yezilawuli ezifanele zobunjiniyela.
Izisekelo eziyisibopho zokuphepha zivikela abasebenzi bakho ekulimaleni unomphela. Kufanele usebenzise ukuvikela okuqinile kokuphefumula kanye nemvelo.
Faka amasistimu okungenisa umoya wokuthwebula umthombo asebenzayo ukuze ukhiphe intuthu endaweni yokuphefumula.
Sebenzisa izindawo ezinomoya ovulekile noma amatheku anomoya ophambanayo lapho kungenzeka khona ngokomzimba.
Yakha i-P100 (HEPA) imaski yohhafu ukuthi ihlunge izinhlayiyana eziyingozi ngempumelelo.
Sebenzisa ama-Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) kubo bonke opharetha abasebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile.
Ukulungiswa Komphezulu Wangaphambi Kokushisela: Isici Esinqumayo Sekhwalithi
Amazinga e-AWS D-19.0 ahlinzeka ngezisekelo eziqinile zokulawula zokulungiselela. Banquma ukususa i-zinc enamathela ngamasentimitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-4 (2.5 kuya ku-10 cm) kude nendawo yokushisela. Kufanele wenze lokhu kukhishwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zelunga ngaphambi kokushaya i-arc. Ukweqa lesi sinyathelo kuqinisekisa ukuhlola okuhlulekile.
Abakhiqizi abaningi abayinaki ngokuphelele imfuneko yokuhlanza ingemuva lelunga. Lokhu sikubiza ngosongo olufihliwe. Ukudlulisa ukushisa kuhwamuka ngokushesha i-zinc eseceleni ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Lesi senzo se-capillary esishisayo sidonsa igesi enobuthi kanye nezinto ezingcolile ziqonde ngqo empandeni ye-weld. Kufanele uhlanze zonke izinhlangothi ezichayeke ekushiseni okuphezulu.
Ama-opharetha ngokuvamile akhetha phakathi kwezindlela zokususa ngomshini kanye namakhemikhali.
Ukususwa Kwemishini: Lokhu kumelela inkambiso engcono kakhulu yemboni yezitolo eziningi. Sebenzisa amadiski okugaya aqinile noma amasondo e-flap abrasive ukuze uzuze insimbi ekhanyayo, engenalutho. Qinisekisa ukuthi ususa lonke ungqimba lwezinki oluyingxubevange, hhayi nje indawo ebuthuntu.
Ukususwa Kwamakhemikhali: Ungasebenzisa i-uriatic acid ukukhumula amakhemikhali ezindaweni ezithile. Nokho, le ndlela idinga ukunemba okuphelele kwamakhemikhali. Kufanele unciphise i-asidi ngobudlova usebenzisa i-baking soda. Ekugcineni, yomisa insimbi kahle ukuze uvimbele ukuqhuma kwe-hydrogen eyingozi.
Ukukhetha Inqubo Ye-Welding Elungile kanye Nemingcele
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezehlukene zidinga ukukhetha kwenqubo okucaciswe kakhulu. Ukuhlanganisa indlela yakho kuvimbela i-spatter eyeqile futhi kuqinisekisa ukungena okujulile.
I-MIG Welding (GMAW) isebenza njengenketho efanelekile yezinto zokwakha ezacile njenge-a ishidi lensimbi . Ukulungiswa kwepharamitha ethile kuyadingeka kakhulu lapha. Ama-opharetha adinga isivinini sokuhamba esiphansi kancane kunasesisebenzisela insimbi engenalutho. Isivinini esincane sivumela i-zinc esele ukuthi ishe ngaphambi kwe-puddle. Ukwenyusa i-voltage kusiza ukubhoboza kunoma iyiphi i-zinc eyinsalela esele phezulu. Sebenzisa izingxube zegesi ye-Argon/CO2 ukuze uzinzise i-arc futhi unciphise kakhulu isipatha esindizayo.
I-Stick Welding (SMAW) isalokhu iyindlela ekhethwayo yezingxenye zesakhiwo esiwugqinsi. Ukushintsha kwesu kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngempumelelo. Abasebenzisi kufanele banciphise ngamabomu isivinini sabo sohambo. Kufanele bashintshe i-engeli ye-electrode yehle iye cishe kuma-degree angama-30. Ukusebenzisa 'isenzo sokushaywa' esinesigqi kuphusha i-zinc ehwamukayo iye phambili nangaphandle kwendlela yokushisela. Ama-electrode e-E7018 aphansi-hydrogen asebenza njengokukhetha okujwayelekile kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza olusindayo.
I-TIG Welding (GTAW) iveza izinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza. Asiyikhuthazi kakhulu le ndlela ezingxenyeni ezilashiwe. Inqubo ye-GTAW izwela kakhulu ekungcoleni kwangaphandle. I-zinc ene-vaporized izobhubhisa ngokushesha i-electrode ye-tungsten. Ibhidliza isivikelo segesi futhi ishiye ubuhlalu obungcoliswe kakhulu.
Inqubo yokushisela |
Ukufaneleka Sekukonke |
Iphrofayili Yezinto Ezilungile |
Ukulungiswa Kwepharamitha Ebalulekile |
I-MIG (GMAW) |
Phezulu |
I-Thin Sheet Metal |
Isivinini esiphansi, i-voltage ephezulu, ingxube ye-Argon/CO2 |
Induku (SMAW) |
Phezulu |
I-Thick Structural Steel |
I-engeli engu-30-degree, isenzo sokushaywa, i-electrode ye-E7018 |
I-TIG (GTAW) |
Phansi Kakhulu |
Akunconyiwe |
Idangele kakhulu ngenxa yokungcoliswa ngokushesha kwe-tungsten |
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-Post-Weld kanye ne-Lifecycle Defense
Ukushisa okunamandla kuzihlubula unomphela izici ezivimbela ukubola ensimbi ezungezile. Lokhu sikubiza ngenkinga Yendawo Ethinteke Ukushisa (HAZ). Lo monakalo oshisayo ushiya indawo esanda kuhlangana ibe sengozini yokugqwala. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, i-galvanic cell yakha. Leli ngqamuzana lisheshisa ukuwohloka kwensimbi engenalutho ezungezile.
Kufanele uchaze inqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile yokulungisa kabusha ukujoyina. Ukuhambisana okuqinile ne-ASTM A 780 kuvimbela i-oxidation ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukulandela lokhu kucaciswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlangano ufinyelela ubude bayo bempilo obuklanyelwe.
Izindinganiso zemboni ziqaphela izindlela ezimbalwa zokubuyisela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukufaka opende abakhethekile abacebile nge-zinc ensimbi engenalutho. Lezi zembatho zezimboni kumele okungenani zibe ne-zinc ehlanzekile engu-95% efilimini eyomile.
Ukusebenzisa ama-alloys asekelwe ku-zinc ukuncibilikisa isithiyo esisha sokuvikela phezu kwensimbi engenalutho.
Ukufafaza okushisayo, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-metallizing, kwezinhlelo ezisindayo zezentengiselwano nezimboni.
Lawula okulindelwe amaklayenti kusenesikhathi enqubweni yokwenza. Izindawo ezilungisiwe zizobonisa ukungafani kombala wobuhle obuhlukile. Zivame ukubukeka isiliva elikhanyayo ngokumelene nesizinda esimpunga esifiphele. Zizoshintsha isimo sezulu ngokwemvelo futhi zifake i-oxidize ukuze zifane nesiphetho sangempela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukulinganisa Izindlela Ezihlukile Zokwenziwa Kwe-ROI Engcono
Ukugaya, ukushisela okukhethekile, kanye nokuthinta kwangemuva kokushisela kwethula izindleko ezinkulu zabasebenzi. Baphinde badale izithiyo zokugeleza komsebenzi ezikhungathekisayo. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi kufanele bahlole ukuthi ukushisela insimbi eboshwe ngaphambili kwenza umqondo wezezimali. Kwesinye isikhathi, izindlela ezihlukile ziletha Imbuyiselo ephezulu kakhulu Yotshalomali.
Ngokukhiqiza okunzima, hlola ngokucophelela i-ROI yokulandelana kwenqubo. Cabangela ukwenza ama-assemblies akho ngokuphelele ngensimbi eluhlaza, engagcotshiwe kuqala. Ungabe usuthumela umhlangano oqediwe, oshiselwe ngokugcwele ukuze ugalelwe amadiphu ashisayo. Lokhu kulandelana kuqeda ukugaya, kumisa intuthu eyingozi, futhi kunikeze igobolondo elivikelayo eliqhubekayo.
Cabangela amajoyinti onjiniyela oxhumo olunamabhawudi ngomshini esikhundleni sokushisela. Lokhu okunye kuqeda ngokuphelele intuthu ye-zinc enobuthi esitolo sakho. Iphinde isuse isidingo sokubuyiselwa kwe-HAZ kanye nemishini yokuphefumula ebizayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu ngaphandle kwezidingo zokushisela kwesakhiwo kunenzuzo ekuthengweni kwempahla eluhlaza ngobuchule. Ukuthola kuyaqhubeka ikhoyili yensimbi eyakha ama-roll-forming noma ukugxiviza kuvame ukufakazela ukuthi kubiza kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwengxenye yengxenye kumosha isikhathi nemali enkulu lapho ikhoyili eluhlaza ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zakho. Ukugxiviza amakhoyili afakwe isitembu kusheshisa kakhulu izinhlelo zokukhiqiza.
Isiphetho
Ukwenza insimbi eboshwe nge-zinc kudinga indlela enesiyalo, eyakhiwe kakhulu. Ukushisela lezi zinto kuwumkhuba ophephile futhi ozwakalayo wesakhiwo kuphela uma ulandela ukulungiswa okuqinile kwendawo. Kumelwe usebenzise imingcele yokushisela ehambisanayo futhi uphoqelele ukuthotshelwa kokubuyiselwa kwe-post-weld. Ukuthatha izinqamuleli ngokulungiselela ngokubikezela ukuthikameza kokubili umkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nempilo yabasebenzisi bakho.
Abenzi bezinqumo kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo, ezigxile esenzweni. Sincoma ukuthi ubuyekeze ama-SOP akho amanje aphansi esitolo ukuze uqinisekise ukuqondana okuqinile namazinga we-AWS kanye ne-ASTM. Hlola uhlu lwakho lwe-PPE namuhla ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unezihlungi ezanele ze-P100 kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezisebenzayo. Okokugcina, sebenzisa ukuhlaziya okunemininingwane yezindleko zenzuzo ngokuqhathanisa ukugeleza komsebenzi wangaphambi kokufakwa kwamagalvanizing ngokumelene nokugeleza komsebenzi kwangemva kokufakwa kwamagalvanizing. Ukulungiselela lokhu kulandelana okuthile kuzokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwakho futhi kuvikele umugqa wakho ophansi.
FAQ
Q: Ungakwazi yini ukushisela insimbi ethambile ube yinsimbi ewuthayela?
IMPENDULO: Yebo, kodwa ucezu lokusebenzela oluvunyiwe kusamele lukhunyulwe lubuyiselwe ensimbi engenalutho lapho kuxhunywa khona. Izikhala ezincane kufanele zishiywe ukuze kuvunyelwe noma iyiphi igesi ye-zinc eyinsalela evela ku-HAZ ukuba ibaleke ngaphandle kokubanga ukubola.
Q: Ingabe kuphephile ukushisela insimbi ngaphandle?
IMP: Ukushisela kwangaphandle kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukungena komoya kodwa akuqedi ubungozi. Ama-opharetha kusafanele agqoke ama-respirators anesilinganiso se-P100 futhi agaye i-zinc.
Q: Kwenzekani uma ngishisela phezu kwezinc ngaphandle kokuyigaya?
IMP: I-weld izohlushwa i-porosity enzima (amabhamuza egesi avaleleke) kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlangana, okuyenza ingabi kahle ngokwesakhiwo futhi ijwayele ukwehluleka kakhulu ngaphansi komthwalo.
