A rilru a buai em em a, a 0 rilru a hah em em bawk a, a rilru a buai em em bawk a. Hmun
Kum 2022 khan miten stainless steel metric ton maktaduai 55.3 vel an siam a. Kum 2023 khan khawvel market hi $tld 186.24 zet a ni. A hmangtu industry lian tak takte chu construction, car, home products, energy, leh machine te an ni.
Stainless steel a chak a, recycle theih a ni bawk. Thil tam takah i hmu thei ang. eng stainless steel nge hman a nih tih hriat i duh chuan, . Kan company hian a hmanna tam tak a rawn entir thei che a ni.
Stainless steel hi metal chak tak a ni. Chromium a neih avangin a rust lo va, a corrode lo bawk. Hei hian kitchen leh damdawi hmanrua atan a thawk tha hle.
Faina leh enkawl a awlsam hle. Hei hian lei chungte chu ei leh in leh damdawi hmanna atan a faiin a him a ni.
Stainless steel hian lumna sang tak a khawih thei. Hei hian chaw siamna hmanrua leh machine lian tak tak tan a tha hle.
Metal chu recycle theih a ni. Hei hian bawlhhlawh tihtlem leh resources humhimna hmangin boruak a pui a ni.
Stainless steel chi hrang hrang a awm a, austenitic leh martensitic ang chi te pawh a awm. Thil tam takah an hmang a, kitchen thil leh surgical hmanrua te pawh an hmang thei bawk.
Engvangin nge stainless steel hi a special tih i ngaihtuah mai thei. Stainless steel hi iron atanga siam niin a tlem berah 10.5% chromium a ni. Group thenkhat chuan chromium 11% tal a neih a ngai niin an sawi. Chromium hian a chungah layer te tak te, hmuh theih loh a siam a. He layer hian a scratch a nih chuan a fix thei. Chuvangin, stainless steel chu a rust lo va, a corrode awlsam lo va, hmun harsa takah pawh a rust lo va, a corrode lo bawk.
Stainless steel hian iron leh chromium chauh ni lovin thil dang a nei a ni. Makers te hian a tha zawk nan thil dang an belh leh thin. Hetah hian stainless steel-a i hmuh tur chu a awm:
Chromium 10.5% aia tlem lo a ni.
Iron hi a bulpui ber a ni .
Nickel hian bend a pui a, oxidizing a titawp thei bawk .
Molybdenum hian chakna a pe tam zawk a, rust a titawp bawk .
Carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, leh titanium te hian kawng hrang hrangin an pui a ni.
Part tin hian stainless steel chu a chak a, a rei a, a tifai a, a thianghlim bawk. In emaw hnathawhna hmuna stainless steel i hman apiangin heng thil tha tak takte hi i hmang thin.
Stainless steel hi regular steel nen a danglam em tih i ngaihtuah mai thei. A chhanna chu a chhunga awm leh a tih danah a ni. Regular steel, carbon steel tia koh bawk hi iron leh carbon a ni tlangpui. Stainless steel hian chromium a nei a, a chang chuan nickel a nei bawk a, chu chuan a hnathawh dan a tidanglam thin.
A danglamna lantir nan table awlsam tak chu hetiang hi a ni:
Bungrua |
Alloying element lian ber ber te . |
---|---|
stainless steel a ni a. |
Thir, chromium, nickel leh thil dangte . |
Carbon steel 1000 a ni. |
A bul berah chuan carbon . |
Stainless steel hi a tha zawk a, a chhan chu a rust lo emaw, a lum vang emaw a ni lo. Chromium hian shield a siam a, chuvang chuan stain emaw rust emaw i ngaihtuah lo. Nickel hian a siam awlsam leh a join theih nan a pui thin. Regular steel hian heng point tha tak tak te hi a nei lo. A rust rang a, enkawlna tam zawk a mamawh bawk.
Stainless steel hi magnetic a tlem a, a tihfai a awlsam zawk bawk. Food factory-ah te, damdawi inah te, leh fai ngai hmunah te i hmu a. Regular steel hi building leh car atan a tha a mahse rust tihtawp nan tanpuina a mamawh.
Tip: Thil awm reng leh thianghlim taka awm i duh chuan stainless steel thlang rawh.
Stainless steel hi a danglam bik a, a chhan chu quality tha tak tak tam tak a neih vang a ni. Hengte hian thil tam tak, kitchen hmanrua leh medical gear ang chi atan chuan duhthlanna tha tak a siam a ni. Stainless steel hian hmun harsa takah pawh a thawk tha hle. I project lo awm tur atana stainless steel smart pick a nih tirtu chu eng nge ni tih i en ang.
Corrosion resistance hi stainless steel ah chuan a tha ber a ni. Thil awm hnuhnung ber leh rust lo tak tak i duh a ni. Stainless steel hian hetiang hian a ti a, a chhan chu chromium a neih vang a ni. Thliin stainless steel a khawih chuan chromium chuan a chungah layer te tak te a siam a. He layer hian tui, boruak leh chemical te chu metal atanga hla takah a dah a ni.
I scratch chuan layer chu a fix a ni. Hei hian stainless steel chu a hliam pawh nise a nghet reng tihna a ni. Chromium tam zawk tih awmzia chu rust laka invenna tha zawk tihna a ni. Chuvangin stainless steel hi hmun hnim emaw, tui emaw tan a tha hle.
Hetah hian stainless steel-in rust a do dan tarlanna table a awm a:
Mechanism 1.1. |
Hrilhfiahna |
---|---|
Chromium Oxide Layer a ni a, a hmanna tur hmun a awm lo. |
Thli a tawn hunah lei chung lamah shield a siam a, rust leh damage a titawp thin. |
Mahni inven theihna thil neih . |
Shield a chhe a nih chuan chromium hian boruak a awm chuan a siam leh thin. |
Chromium a tam zawk . |
Chromium tam zawk tih awmzia chu rust laka invenna tha zawk tihna a ni. |
Hmun hrang hranga stainless steel-in a tih dan chu i hmu thei ang. Rust rates a hniam reng a, spot tough tak takah pawh:
Atmosphere chi hrang hrang . |
Corrosion rates (MPY) 1.1. |
Comments 1.1. |
---|---|---|
Thingtlang |
0.20 – 0.39 a ni. |
Europe hmar leh chhim lama tehna . |
Khawpui |
0.39 – 1.18 a ni. |
|
Industrial 1.1. |
1.18 – 2.36 a ni. |
|
Marine 1000 a ni. |
0.39 – 1.57 a ni. |
Scandinavia rama kum 4 hnua teh a ni |
arctic a ni. |
0.16 |
Sweden hmar lama kum 4 hnua teh a ni |
304 stainless steel rust hi kum tin 0.03 mm vel chauh a ni. Hei hi carbon steel aiin a tlem zawk hle a, chu chuan a rust rang hle. Stainless steel hian khawpuiah leh tuipui bulah a thawk tha hle. Pawn lama kawngpui, lawng leh thil dang tan pawh a tha hle.
Note: Stainless steel hian acid leh base-ah pawh a ding thei bawk. Chemical plant leh food factory-ah te pawh lungkham lovin i hmang thei.
Heat resistance hi stainless steel chungchanga thil ropui dang a ni bawk. Heat la thei leh chak lo thei lo thil i mamawh a ni. Stainless steel hian a pianzia leh a chakna chu a lum chuan a vawng reng thin. Chuvangin miten oven, engine leh machine lian tak tak atan an hmang thin.
Stainless steel chi hrang hrang hian heat level hrang hrang a la thei a. Hetah hian type thenkhatin heat an hman theih zat tarlanna table a awm a:
Pawl |
A lum zawng (°F) a ni. |
Melting point (°F) a ni. |
Notes 1.1. |
---|---|---|---|
304 |
1,598 - 1,697 a ni. |
2,550 - 2,650 a ni. |
a chak lo zawk . |
316 |
304 aia hniam deuh a ni. |
2,500 - 2,550 a ni. |
304 aiin rust dona kawngah a tha zawk. |
Metal dang i en chuan stainless steel hian lumna a la tam zawk thei:
Metal chi hrang hrang . |
Heat resistance (°C) 1.1. |
Melting point (°C) 1000 a ni. |
---|---|---|
stainless steel a ni a. |
750-1550 a ni. |
n/a a ni. |
Aluminum a ni a. |
n/a a ni. |
660 |
Carbon steel 1000 a ni. |
n/a a ni. |
n/a a ni. |
Stainless steel hian aluminum aiin lumna a la tam zawk thei. Thil a lum em emna hmunah chuan i hmang thei. A shield pawh a lum chuan a vawng reng bawk. Stainless steel hian a layer a ti chhe lo va, a layer pawh a hloh lo.
Tip: Pan, grills, engine parts i mamawh chuan a lum leh a chakna atan stainless steel thlang la.
Thil chak tak leh rei tak daih tur i duh a ni. Stainless steel hi a chak hle a, a tough hle bawk. Thil rit tak tak a keng thei a, awlsam takin a ben thei lo va, a snap thei lo bawk. Hei hian building, kawngpui leh damdawi in hmanrua te tan a tha hle.
Hetah hian type thenkhat chu eng ang taka chak nge an nih tih tarlanna table a awm:
Stainless Steel Grade 1000 a ni. |
Tensile chakna (KSI) . |
Yield point (KSI) 1.1. |
---|---|---|
303 |
75-90 a ni. |
30-40 a ni. |
304 |
75-90 a ni. |
30-40 a ni. |
Tensile strength tih hian a chhe vek theih nan pull engzat nge a mamawh tih a kawk a ni. Yield point chu a bend tan tirh a ni. Stainless steel hi a chak a, hun rei tak a daih avangin hna lian tak tak tan pawh a him.
Acid leh base te pawh a ding thei bawk. Hei hian chemical atanga chak lo a ni lo tihna a ni. Lab, factory, leh damdawi inah te pawh i hmang thei bawk.
Stainless steel a chak a, a rust lo bawk. Kum tam tak chhung chu hnathawh tlemte nen a awm thin.
Faina hi kitchen leh damdawi inah stainless steel i hmuh chhan lian tak a ni. A chunglam hrual chuan natna hrik emaw bawlhhlawh emaw a ti stick lo. Savun leh tui hmangin i silfai thei bawk. Hei hian damdawi hmanrua te, ei tur hnathawh te, leh hmun thianghlim te tan a ti tha hle.
Stainless steel hian a rust lo va, a ti chhuak lo bawk. Hei hian i hmanrua te chu hman tur thar leh him taka a lan theih nan a pui a ni.
Stainless steel atanga siam damdawi hmanrua te hi tihfai a awlsam hle. Hei hian mi chu natna hrik lakah a him tir thin.
Recyclability hi stainless steel chungchanga thil tha ber pakhat a ni. Vawi tam tak recycle theih a ni a, a chak reng bawk. Hei hian leilung a pui a, resources a humhim bawk.
Stainless steel i recycle hian bawlhhlawh i siam tlem a, chakna i hmang tlem bawk. Stainless steel thil tam zawkah chuan recycled parts an nei a. Hei hian in saktu leh siamtute tan duhthlanna tha tak a siam a ni.
Stainless steel hi a chak a, a rust lo va, planet tan pawh a tha hle.
Stainless steel hian chi hrang hrang a nei a. Type tin hi hna thenkhat tan chuan a tha hle. A tha ber chu i thlang thei a, chu chu an tih dan tha tak tak i hriat chuan a ni.
Austenitic stainless steel hi hmun tam takah hman a ni. Face-centered cubic (FCC) structure a nei a ni. Hetiang chi hi magnet hmanga lak chhuah a ni lo. Thawhrimna tam tak tel lovin i bend leh shape thei bawk. Corrosion resistance chi hrang hrang a nei tha ber. Kitchen sink-ah te, ei tur machine-ah te, leh damdawi hmanruaah te i hmu a. A chak a, a chung pawh a thianghlim reng bawk. awlsam takin weld theih a ni. A man a to zawk a, mahse a thawk tha hle.
Tip: Austenitic pick austenitic i duh chuan stainless steel rust lo leh tihfai awlsam i duh chuan.
Ferritic stainless steel hian taksa lam hawiin cubic (BCC) a nei a, a hnah hi a hring a, a hnah hi a hring bawk. Magnetic a ni. Corrosion resistance tha tak a pe a, mahse austenitic angin a pe lo. Invenna sang ber i mamawh lohna hmunah ferritic stainless steel hmang ang che. A man a tlawm zawk a, cut leh shape pawh a awlsam hle. Weld a harsa zawk a, austenitic angin a tough lo.
Hetah hian ferritic leh austenitic stainless steel tehkhin nan table kan rawn dah a ni:
Nihphung |
Ferritic stainless steel a ni. |
austenitic stainless steel a ni. |
---|---|---|
Crystal a insiam dan . |
Taksa lam hawi cubic (BCC) . |
Hmai lam hawi cubic (FCC) . |
Magnetism . |
Magnetic a ni . |
Non-magnetic . |
Corrosion do theihna a awm em? |
A tha, mahse a hniam zawk . |
Chungnung |
ductility leh toughness . |
Hnuailam |
a sang zawk . |
Weldability . |
A harsa zawk . |
Tha zawk |
Man |
A man a tlawm zawk . |
A man to zawk . |
A hman dan tur . |
Environment mamawh tlem zawk . |
Hmanhmawh taka hman theihna tur . |
Car exhaust-ah te, kitchen hmanrua, leh building trim-ah te ferritic stainless steel i hmu a. Heat exchanger leh food work atan a tha a, a chhan chu lumna a khawih a, tihfai a awlsam bawk.
Martensitic stainless steel hi a harsa hle tih hriat a ni. A lum chuan a ti harsa zawk thei bawk. Carbon a nei tam zawk a, chuvang chuan a chak a, mahse awlsam zawkin a chhe thei. A chi dang angin medium corrosion resistance a pe a, a sang lo hle. Hmanraw leh parts te chu sharp emaw strong emaw a awm ngei ngei tur a ni martensitic stainless steel i hmu a.
Martensitic stainless steel-a thil langsar zual thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
A harsa hle mai .
A break awlsam zawk .
medium corrosion a do theih loh .
Tensile chakna sang tak .
Martensitic stainless steel i hmang a, chu chu chemte, surgical hmanrua, engine parts, leh pump te a ni. Sharp edge emaw wear resistance chak tak emaw i mamawh hunah a tha.
Note: Knife emaw machine parts emaw atana stainless steel i mamawh chuan Martensitic hi duhthlanna fing tak a ni.
Hmun tam takah stainless steel hman a ni. A chak a, a rust lo bawk. awlsam takin i tifai thei bawk. Chuvang chuan miten thil tam takah an hmang thin. In leh factory lian takah stainless steel i hmu a. Nitin leh hna lian tak takah i hman dan tur i zawng chhuak ang.
In lamah stainless steel i hmang nasa hle. Kitchen-ah chuan sink leh counter-ah i hmu a. Pot, pan, leh fork te pawh a siam chhuak bawk. Fridge leh oven tam takah chuan stainless steel an hmang thin. A hmel a tha a, hun rei tak a daih bawk. Heng thilte hi i tifai nghal vat thei. Germ an ti bawlhhlawh lo va, an vawng reng lo bawk. Hei hian i ei tur a him a, i kitchen pawh a ti eng hle.
In lama thil hman tlanglawn tak tak, stainless steel atanga siam:
Kitchenware sink, counter, pot, pan, leh fork ang chi te
Appliances te, fridge leh oven te .
Stainless steel hian a chung lam a ti mawi hle. Stains leh germs te hian an stick lo. Hei hian i in thianghlim reng theihna turin a pui che a ni. Rusty emaw dull emaw a ni lo a, a lum vang a ni. I pots leh pans te chu kum tam tak chhung chu a eng reng thin. I ei tur a chemical tha lo tak tak i ngaihtuah a ngai lo. Stainless steel hi i chhungkaw tan chuan safe leh smart pick a ni.
Tip: Kitchen hmanrua atan stainless steel thlang rawh. A him a, a chak a, tihfai a awlsam bawk.
Company lian te hian chhan tam tak avangin stainless steel an hmang thin. Damdawi inah chuan operation leh ha lam hnathawhna hmanruaah i hmu thin. Doctor te pawhin fake joint atan an hmang ve bawk. Stainless steel hian taksa tui nen a inrem lo. Hei hian damlote chu a him tir a ni. Hospital te chuan table leh MRI machine atan an hmang thin. Heng thilte hi tihfai a awlsam hle.
Car siamtute chuan exhaust pipe leh car frame-ah stainless steel an hmang thin. Lawng dahna leh truck-ah pawh i hmu bawk. Tuipui bula hmun hrang hrang tan chuan a tha hle. Rust hi chutah chuan harsatna lian tak a ni. Stainless steel a rust lo va, chuvang chuan car leh lawng te chu a rei zawk.
Industrial sector 1000 a ni. |
A hman dan tlangpui . |
---|---|
Chaw leh catering . |
Kitchen hmanrua, fork, pot, fridge, dishwasher te pawh a awm bawk. |
Damdawi lam |
Surgery hmanrua, ha lam hmanrua, implants, hospital table te . |
Energy leh heavy industry . |
Chemical, gas, oil, leh green energy plant-a machine awmte chu . |
Automotive leh transport . |
Car exhaust, car parts, lawng dahna, truck, bawlhhlawh phur truck te |
Buatsaihna |
Wall covers, a chhunga hman dan, building frame te . |
Lawng leh oil rig-ah pawh stainless steel hman a ni. A chak a, khaw lum thlengin a ding a ni. Building-ah chuan bang leh frame-ah i hmu a. Stainless steel a chak a, recycle theih a ni bawk. Hei hian building him leh rei tak daih thei tur siam a pui a ni.
Note: Hospital, car leh lawng tan hian stainless steel hi a pawimawh hle.
A chak em avangin stainless steel hi i chhiar thei bawk. A rust lo va, a corrode awlsam lo bawk. Buaina tam tak awm lovin i tifai thei bawk. Mite chuan hmun tam takah damdawi in leh in sakna hmunah an hmang thin. Stainless steel hian kawng hrang hrangin a pui a:
Dilna |
Engvangin nge a hnathawh that . |
---|---|
Damdawi hmanrua te . |
A tihfai zawh hnuah a sharp leh faiin a awm reng . |
A dahna tur tank te . |
a rust lo va, a corrode lo bawk . |
Buatsaihna |
a chak a, modern takin a lang . |
Stainless steel i pick chuan fixing tam tak i mamawh lo. Recycle leh hun rei tak chhung value tha tak i neih theih nan i pui thin. I hnathawh tur atana hman tur ngaihtuah rawh.
Chromium a awm avangin stainless steel hmangin rust protection tha zawk i hmu thin. He metal hian a chung lamah chuan shield a siam a. Metal dang iron emaw aluminum emaw te hian he self-healing layer hi an nei lo.
Ni e, vawi tam tak recycle theih a ni. Metal hian a chakna leh quality a vawng reng a ni. Recycling hian resources a humhim a, boruak a venghim bawk.
Chaw siam leh ei tur dahna atan pawh i hmang thei. Chaw ei nen a inrem lo va, a thlum pawh a thlak danglam lo. Kitchen hmanrua leh hmanrua tam tak chuan he metal hi himna leh thianghlimna atan an hmang thin.
Tui lum leh sahbawn nem tak hmang rawh. Puan nem tak hmangin phihfai rawh. Tough stains atan chuan baking soda hmang ang che. Steel wool hi a chung a hrual theih avangin pumpelh rawh.
Kitchen sink, cutlery, damdawi hmanrua, car parts, leh building frame-ah te i hmu a. A chakna leh a tihfai awlsam avangin hmun tam takah a lar hle.