Intangiriro
Ingese ni ikibazo gikwirakwira cyane ku byuma ku isi, biganisha ku gihombo gikomeye mu bukungu no guhangayikishwa n’umutekano. Inzira yo kubora, cyangwa kwangirika, yangiza uburinganire bwimiterere yibintu byuma, bigatuma intege nke kandi bikunda kunanirwa. Inganda nkubwubatsi, ibinyabiziga, ninyanja byibasiwe cyane ningese, bigatuma hakomeza gushakishwa igisubizo cyiza cyo kurwanya ingese. Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese ningirakamaro mu kongera igihe cyibicuruzwa byibyuma nibikorwa remezo.
Kimwe mubisubizo byambere mukurwanya ingese ni ugukoresha Imyenda irwanya Rust ku byuma. Iyi myenda itanga urwego rukingira ibuza ibintu kwangirika kugera hejuru yicyuma. Iyi ngingo iracengera muburyo butandukanye bwo kurwanya ingese iboneka, ugereranije ningirakamaro, uburyo bwo gukoresha, hamwe nibidukikije bitandukanye.
Gusobanukirwa Ingese na Ruswa
Rust, siyanse izwi nka okiside ya fer, ikora mugihe icyuma gikora ogisijeni nubushuhe. Ubu buryo bwa mashanyarazi butera kwangirika kwicyuma. Ruswa ntabwo igira ingaruka ku byuma gusa ahubwo no ku bindi byuma, buri wese yitwara mu buryo butandukanye ashingiye ku bidukikije. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku ruswa rivuga ko buri mwaka igiciro cya ruswa kigera kuri tiriyari 2,5 z'amadolari y'Amerika, bingana na 3,4% bya GDP ku isi. Ibi bishimangira akamaro k'ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya ingese.
Ibintu nkubushuhe, ubushyuhe, guhura nu munyu, hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya inganda byihutisha inzira. Ibyuma bikoreshwa mu turere two ku nkombe cyangwa mu nganda birashobora kwibasirwa cyane. Kubwibyo, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kurwanya ingese biterwa nuburyo bwihariye icyuma kizahura nacyo.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kurwanya ruswa
Galvanisation
Galvanisation ikubiyemo gutwikira ibyuma cyangwa icyuma hamwe na zinc. Zinc ikora nka anode yigitambo, ikangirika aho kuba icyuma. Gushyushya-gushya ni uburyo busanzwe aho icyuma cyarohamye muri zinc yashongeshejwe, bigatuma ubwuzuzanye bwuzuye. Ibyuma bya galvanised bikoreshwa cyane bitewe nigihe kirekire kandi bikoresha neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko impuzu zishobora gutanga uburinzi kumyaka irenga 50 mubidukikije. Gukora neza biterwa nubunini bwa zinc hamwe nuburemere bwimiterere.
Igikoresho cya Galvalume
Galvalume ni igifuniko kigizwe na zinc, aluminium, na silicon. Ihuriro ritanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ugereranije na galvanisation gakondo. Aluminium muri coating itanga inzitizi yo kurinda, mugihe zinc itanga uburinzi bwa galvanic. Ibyuma bisize Galvalume bifite akamaro kanini mubidukikije byo mu nyanja n’inganda aho igipimo cya ruswa kiri hejuru.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko Galvalume ishobora kumara inshuro icyenda kurenza imyenda ya galvanised mubihe bimwe. Imikorere yayo isumba iyindi ihitamo guhitamo igisenge, kuruhande, nibindi bikorwa aho kuramba ari ngombwa.
Ibyuma
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birimo chromium, ikora paside ya oxyde irinda kwangirika. Imiterere yo kwikiza yiki cyiciro iyo ishushanyije ituma ibyuma bitagira umwanda birwanya ingese. Ibyiciro bitandukanye byibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga urwego rutandukanye rwo kurwanya ruswa, hamwe na chromium yo hejuru hamwe na molybdenum itanga uburinzi bunoze.
Mugihe ibyuma bidafite ingese nibikoresho byiza birwanya ingese, igiciro cyacyo kiri hejuru cyane kurenza ubundi buryo. Kubwibyo, akenshi irabikwa kubisabwa aho bisabwa imbaraga nimbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ruswa, nko mubikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikorwa remezo, nibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Irangi ririnda hamwe
Gukoresha amarangi yo gukingira no gutwikira ni uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda ingese. Iyi myenda ikora nka bariyeri, ikabuza ubushuhe na ogisijeni kugera hejuru yicyuma. Epoxy coatings, amarangi ya polyurethane, hamwe nifu ya powder nubwoko busanzwe bukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Iterambere mu ikorana buhanga ryatumye habaho iterambere ryihariye rirwanya ruswa ririmo ingese. Byongeye kandi, impuzu zirashobora guhuzwa kugirango zitange ubwiza bwiza hamwe nuburinzi, bigatuma bikenerwa nibicuruzwa byabaguzi nibisabwa mubwubatsi.
Ubuhanga bushya bwo kurwanya ruswa
Kurinda Cathodic
Kurinda Cathodic nuburyo bwamashanyarazi bukoreshwa mukugenzura kwangirika kwicyuma mugukora cathode yingirabuzimafatizo. Ibi bigerwaho muguhuza byoroshye 'ibyuma byigitambo ' kugirango bikore nka anode. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu miyoboro, mu bwato, no mu nyanja, ubu buryo bukumira neza ingese mu bikorwa bikomeye.
Sisitemu ishimishije kurinda cathodic (ICCP) sisitemu irarenze, ikoresheje ingufu zituruka hanze kugirango itange ibyangombwa bikenewe. Sisitemu zitanga igenzura ryiza kandi zirakwiriye muburyo bunini aho kurinda kimwe ari ngombwa.
Inhibitori za ruswa zangiza (VCIs)
VCI ni ibintu bihindagurika kandi bigakora urwego rukingira hejuru yicyuma. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubipfunyika kugirango birinde ibice byicyuma mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara. VCIs ningirakamaro kuko zishobora kurinda ahantu hatagerwaho kandi ntizisaba gukoreshwa muburyo bwicyuma.
Imikorere ya VCIs yerekanwe mubushakashatsi butandukanye, yerekana igabanuka rikabije ryibipimo bya ruswa. Zifite akamaro kanini mukurinda ibice byabigenewe, ibikoresho bya gisirikare, no mubikorwa byimodoka.
Nanotehnologiya
Nanotehnologiya yafunguye inzira nshya mu kurwanya ruswa. Nano-coatings ikora ultra-thin layer itanga uburinzi buhebuje bitagize ingaruka kuburemere cyangwa kugaragara kwicyuma. Iyi myenda irashobora kuba hydrophobique, ikarinda ubuhehere gukomera hejuru, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kubora.
Ubushakashatsi muriki gice burakomeje, hamwe nibisubizo bitanga umusaruro byerekana kuramba no gukora. Inganda nka aerosmace hamwe na elegitoroniki zirimo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri ibi bikoresho bisaba ubuziranenge no kurinda.
Kugereranya Isesengura ryibisubizo birwanya Rust
Mugihe uhisemo uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese, ibintu nkibidukikije, ikiguzi, inzira yo gusaba, no kuramba bigomba gutekerezwa. Galvanisiyasi hamwe na Galvalume itanga uburinzi buhendutse kandi bunoze kubwibyuma byubatswe. Ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ariko ku giciro cyo hejuru.
Irangi ririnda hamwe nibitambaro bitanga ibintu byinshi hamwe nuburyo bwiza, bikwiranye nibicuruzwa aho isura ari ngombwa. Tekinoroji igezweho nka nanotehnologiya ikingira hamwe na cathodic kurinda nibyiza kubikorwa byihariye bisaba uburinzi buhebuje.
Kugisha inama nababikora ninzobere birashobora gufasha muguhitamo igisubizo kiboneye. Ibigo kabuhariwe muri Ikoreshwa rya anti-Rust ritanga ubushishozi bwiterambere ryambere hamwe nibicuruzwa bitangwa.
Inyigo
Imishinga y'Ibikorwa Remezo
Ikiraro cya Zahabu ya Zahabu cyakorewe ivugurura rikomeye ryo kurwanya ruswa hakoreshejwe impuzu zishingiye kuri zinc. Uyu mushinga wagaragaje imikorere yubuhanga bugezweho bwo kurwanya ingese mu kwagura igihe cyimiterere yibishushanyo. Gukoresha impuzu zikora neza byagabanije amafaranga yo kubungabunga no kurushaho kunoza umutekano.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiyoboro mu nganda za peteroli na gaze ikoresha uburyo bwo kurinda catodiki kugira ngo ikumire kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Sisitemu ningirakamaro mugukomeza ubusugire bwimiyoboro minini.
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Abakora amamodoka bakoresha ibyuma bya galvanis na Galvalume cyane mumibiri yimodoka kugirango birinde ingese. Kunanirwa kwangirika kwangirika kwatumye ibinyabiziga biramba kandi bigurishwa neza. Udushya mu mwenda watumye kandi ibikoresho byoroheje bitabangamiye uburinzi.
Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, zikunze kuba zifite ibikoresho byihariye bidasanzwe, zirimo kungukirwa no kwambara neza birwanya ingese byemeza imikorere n'umutekano.
Imyitozo myiza yo Kurinda Rust
Kugirango urusheho gukora neza uburyo bwo kurwanya ingese, gukoresha neza no kubungabunga ni ngombwa. Gutegura hejuru, harimo gusukura no gukuraho ingese zihari, byemeza ko impuzu zifata neza. Kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga bifasha mukumenya no gukemura ruswa hakiri kare.
Ibidukikije bigomba kandi kuyobora guhitamo ibisubizo birwanya ingese. Kurugero, mubidukikije byo mu nyanja, ibifuniko bigomba kwihanganira kwangirika kwamazi yumunyu. Mu nganda, kurwanya imiti n’ibihumanya birakenewe.
Umwanzuro
Kumenya igisubizo cyiza cyo kurwanya ingese bisaba inzira zinyuranye, urebye ibintu bifatika, ibidukikije, hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa. Mugihe galvanisiyasi hamwe na Galvalume itanga uburinzi bwizewe kandi bwubukungu mubikorwa byinshi, tekinoroji igezweho nka nanotehnologiya itanga imikorere isumba iyindi ikenewe.
Gusobanukirwa ibisabwa byihariye bya buri porogaramu ni urufunguzo rwo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ingese. Ubufatanye ninzobere nubushakashatsi bukomeje mu ikoranabuhanga rishya bizakomeza kunoza ingamba zo kwirinda ruswa. Ubwanyuma, intego ni ukongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa nicyuma, kurinda umutekano, kwiringirwa, no kuzigama amafaranga.
Kubindi bisobanuro kubyerekeye udushya Kurwanya Rust ibisubizo, abahanga mu nganda barashobora gutanga ubuyobozi bujyanye nibikenewe byihariye.
