Intshayelelo
Umhlwa ngumba oxhaphakileyo ochaphazela isinyithi kwihlabathi jikelele, ekhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko. Inkqubo yokurusa, okanye i-corrosion, iphazamisa ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo sezinto zetsimbi, zibenza zibe buthathaka kwaye zithande ukungaphumeleli. Imizi-mveliso efana neyokwakha, izithuthi, kunye nezaselwandle zichatshazelwa kakhulu ngumhlwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kukhangelwe ngokuqhubekayo ezona zisombululo zibalaseleyo zokuchasana nomhlwa. Ukuqonda ezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunqanda umhlwa kubalulekile ekwandiseni ubomi beemveliso zentsimbi kunye neziseko zophuhliso.
Esinye sezisombululo eziphambili ekulweni nomhlwa kukusetyenziswa kwe Iingubo ezichasene neRust kwintsimbi. Ezi zambatho zibonelela ngoluhlu olukhuselayo olukhusela izinto ezitshabalalisayo ekufikeleleni kumphezulu wesinyithi. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwiinketho ezahlukeneyo zokuchasa umhlwa ezikhoyo, lithelekisa ukusebenza kwazo, iindlela zosetyenziso, kunye nokufaneleka kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqonda umhlwa kunye nokuMdla
Umhlwa, okwaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-iron oxide, yenziwa xa i-iron idibana neoksijini kunye nokufuma. Le nkqubo ye-electrochemical ibangela ukuwohloka kwesinyithi. I-Corrosion ayichaphazeli kuphela i-iron kodwa kunye nezinye isinyithi, nganye isabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezisingqongileyo. NgokweWorld Corrosion Organisation, iindleko zokubola kwihlabathi liphela ziqikelelwa kwi-2.5 yeetriliyoni zeedola ngonyaka, ilingana ne-3.4% ye-GDP yehlabathi. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwezicwangciso-qhinga ezisebenzayo zokunqanda umhlwa.
Izinto ezinjengokufuma, ubushushu, ukuchanabeka kwityuwa, nezinto ezingcolisa imizi-mveliso ziyenza ikhawuleze le nkqubo yokurusa. Izinyithi ezisetyenziswa kwimimandla eselunxwemeni okanye kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso zisesichengeni ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokulwa nomhlwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile eziya kujongana nesinyithi.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulwa nomhlwa
Ukufakwa kweGalavanization
I-galvanization ibandakanya ukugquma intsimbi okanye isinyithi kunye ne-zinc layer. I-zinc isebenza njenge-anode yombingelelo, i-corroding endaweni yentsimbi engaphantsi. I-Hot-dip galvanizing yindlela eqhelekileyo apho isinyithi sintywiliselwa kwi-zinc etyhidiweyo, iqinisekisa ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo. Insimbi ene-galvanized isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba iingubo ezifakwe igalvanized zingabonelela ngokhuseleko ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kwiindawo ezithile. Ukusebenza kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bengubo ye-zinc kunye nobunzima beemeko zokuvezwa.
Galvalume Coating
I-Galvalume yingubo eyenziwe nge-zinc, i-aluminium, kunye ne-silicon. Le ndibaniselwano ibonelela ukuxhathisa umhlwa okongeziweyo xa kuthelekiswa nokugalelwa kwemveli. I-aluminium kwi-coating inika umqobo wokukhuselwa, ngelixa i-zinc inika ukhuseleko lwe-galvanic. Insimbi ene-Galvalume inenzuzo ngakumbi kwiindawo zaselwandle kunye nezoshishino apho izinga lokubola liphezulu.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-Galvalume inokuhlala ixesha elide ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9 kuneengubo ze-galvanized phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo yokuphahla, i-siding, kunye nezinye izicelo apho ubomi obude buyimfuneko.
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Intsimbi engacocekanga iqulethe ichromium, eyenza umaleko weoksidi ongeyiyo othintela ukuhlwa okungaphaya. Ukuziphilisa kolu maleko xa ukukrwela kwenza intsimbi engatyiwayo imelane kakhulu nomhlwa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo zibonelela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okumelana nomhlwa, kunye nomxholo ophezulu wechromium kunye nemolybdenum ebonelela ngokhuseleko olongeziweyo.
Ngelixa insimbi engenasici iyinto ebalaseleyo yokuchasana nomhlwa, ixabiso layo liphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iinketho. Ngoko ke, ihlala igcinelwe izicelo apho zombini amandla kunye nokuchasana kokubola okuphezulu kuyadingeka, njengezixhobo zonyango, iziseko zophuhliso, kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu.
Iipeyinti eziKhuselekileyo kunye neeNgqungquthela
Ukufaka iipeyinti ezikhuselayo kunye neengubo yindlela eguquguqukayo yokuthintela umhlwa. Ezi zambatho zisebenza njengesithintelo, zikhusela umswakama kunye ne-oksijini ekufikeleleni kwindawo yesinyithi. Iingubo ze-epoxy, iipeyinti ze-polyurethane, kunye ne-powder coatings ziintlobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yokwaleka kukhokelele ekuphuhliseni iipeyinti ezikhethekileyo ezichasene ne-corrosive eziqulethe i-rust inhibitors. Ukongeza, ii-coatings zinokulungiswa ukuze zinike isibheno sobuhle kunye nokhuseleko, zizenze zilungele iimveliso zabathengi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo.
Ubuchwephesha boBuchule bokuNqanda umhlwa
Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic
Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic yindlela ye-electrochemical esetyenziselwa ukulawula ukubola kwendawo yesinyithi ngokwenza i-cathode ye-electrochemical cell. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuncamathisela 'intsimbi yedini' edla ngokutya ngakumbi ukuze isebenze njenge-anode. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwimibhobho, iinqanawa zeenqanawa, kunye nezakhiwo ezikude nonxweme, le ndlela ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo irusi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo.
Iinkqubo zangoku zokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic (ICCP) zichukumiseke ngakumbi, zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla yangaphandle ukubonelela okwangoku okuyimfuneko. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngolawulo olungcono kwaye zifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezinkulu apho ukhuseleko olufanayo luyimfuneko.
I-Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors (VCIs)
IiVCI zizinto eziguqukayo kwaye zenze umaleko okhuselayo kwimigangatho yesinyithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukukhusela iindawo zetsimbi ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha. I-VCIs inenzuzo kuba inokukhusela iindawo ezingenakufikeleleka kwaye ayifuni ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimbi.
Ukusebenza kwee-VCIs kubonakaliswe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo, ezibonisa ukunciphisa okukhulu kwizinga lokubola. Ziluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekukhuseleni iindawo ezisecaleni, izixhobo zasemkhosini, nakwishishini leemoto.
Iingubo zeNanotechnology
I-Nanotechnology iye yavula iindlela ezintsha kwiingubo zokulwa nokubola. I-Nano-coatings yenza i-ultra-thin layers enika ukhuseleko oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubunzima okanye ukubonakala kwesinyithi. Ezi zogquma zinokuba yi-hydrophobic, zithintela umswakama ukuba ungabambeleli phezulu, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala.
Uphando kulo mmandla luyaqhuba, luneziphumo ezithembisayo ezibonisa ukomelela nokusebenza okuphuculweyo. Imizi-mveliso efana ne-aerospace kunye ne-electronics iphonononga ezi zigquba kwizinto ezifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokhuseleko.
Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lweZisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa
Xa ukhetha eyona ndlela ingcono yokuchasana nomhlwa, izinto ezifana nokusingqongileyo, iindleko, inkqubo yokufaka isicelo, kunye nobomi obude kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. I-galvanization kunye neengubo ze-Galvalume zibonelela ngokhuseleko olufikelelekayo kunye nolusebenzayo lwentsimbi yesakhiwo. Insimbi engenasici ibonelela ngokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kodwa ngexabiso eliphezulu.
Iipeyinti ezikhuselayo kunye neengubo zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zobuhle, ezifanelekileyo kwiimveliso apho ukubonakala kubalulekile. Ubuchwephesha obuphezulu obufana neengubo ze-nanotechnology kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic zilungele izicelo ezikhethekileyo ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu.
Ukubonisana nabavelisi kunye neengcali kunokunceda ekukhetheni isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Iinkampani ezigxile kwi Itekhnoloji ye-Anti-Rust ibonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kwinkqubela phambili yamva nje kunye nokunikezelwa kwemveliso.
Izifundo
IiProjekthi zeziseko zophuhliso
Ibhulorho yeSango leGolide yafumana uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo lokulwa nokubola kusetyenziswa iingubo ezisekelwe kwi-zinc. Le projekthi ibonise ukusebenza kweendlela zale mihla zokulwa nomhlwa ekwandiseni ubomi bezakhiwo ezinophawu. Ukusetyenziswa kweengubo eziphezulu zokusebenza kunciphisa iindleko zokugcina kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo.
Ngokufanayo, iipayipi kwishishini leoli kunye negesi zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhusela i-cathodic ukukhusela ukuvuza kunye nobungozi bendalo. Ezi nkqubo zibalulekile ekugcineni imfezeko yothungelwano lwemibhobho emikhulu.
Ushishino lweemoto
Abenzi bezithuthi basebenzisa igalvanized kunye nentsimbi yeGalvalume kakhulu kwimizimba yezithuthi ukunqanda umhlwa. Ukunganyangeki komhlwa okuphuculweyo kukhokelele kubomi obude bezithuthi kunye namaxabiso angcono okuthengisa kwakhona. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwiingubo kuye kwavumela izinto ezilula ngaphandle kokukhusela ukukhusela.
Izithuthi zombane, ezihlala zineemfuno ezizodwa zezinto eziphathekayo, zixhamla kwiingubo eziphambili zokulwa ne-rust eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko.
IiNdlela eziGqwesileyo zokuKhusela umhlwa
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kweendlela zokulwa nomhlwa, ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile. Ukulungiswa komphezulu, kubandakanywa nokucoca kunye nokususa i-rust ekhoyo, iqinisekisa ukuba iingubo zihambelana ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kunceda ekuboneni nasekulungiseni umhlwa kwangethuba.
Iingqwalasela zokusingqongileyo kufuneka zikhokele ukhetho lwezisombululo ezichasene nomhlwa. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo zaselwandle, iingubo kufuneka zimelane ne-corrosion yamanzi etyuwa. Kwiimeko zoshishino, ukuchasana neekhemikhali kunye nokungcola kuyimfuneko.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukumisela isisombululo esihle kakhulu sokulwa ne-rust kufuna indlela ebanzi, eqwalasela iimpawu eziphathekayo, ukuvezwa kwendalo, kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa. Ngelixa i-galvanization kunye neengubo ze-Galvalume zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo nolunoqoqosho kwizicelo ezininzi, iitekhnoloji eziphambili ezifana neengubo ze-nanotechnology zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwiimfuno ezizodwa.
Ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zesicelo ngasinye ngundoqo ekukhetheni eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuchasana nomhlwa. Ukusebenzisana neengcali kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kubuchwephesha obutsha luya kuqhubeka nokuphucula izicwangciso zokukhusela umhlwa. Ekugqibeleni, injongo kukwandisa ubomi beemveliso zetsimbi kunye nezakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezinto ezintsha Izisombululo ezichasene neRust , iingcali zoshishino zinokubonelela ngesikhokelo esilungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile.
