Ukuqalisa
Ukugqwala kuyinkinga ephelele ethinta izinsimbi emhlabeni wonke, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okubalulekile kwezomnotho kanye nokukhathazeka ngokuphepha. Inqubo yokugqwala, noma ukugqwala, yehlisa ubuqotho bezinhlekelele zezinto zensimbi, ukuzenza baba buthaka futhi bathambekele ekuhlulekeni. Izimboni ezinjengokwakha, izimoto, kanye nasolwandle ziba nomthelela omkhulu ukugqwala, kushukumisela ukusesha okuqhubekayo kwezixazululo ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa. Ukuqonda izindlela ezisebenza kahle zokulwa zokulwa zibalulekile ekutholeni isikhathi sokuphila kwemikhiqizo yensimbi kanye nengqalasizinda.
Enye yezixazululo eziholayo ekulweni nokugqwala ukusetshenziswa kwe Izimbobo zokulwa zensimbi. Lezi zimbozo zinikeza ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvimbela izinto ezilimazayo ekufinyeleleni endaweni yensimbi. Lo mbhalo udlulela ezinketho ezahlukahlukene zokulwa nokugqwala ezitholakalayo, ziqhathanisa ukusebenza kwazo, izindlela zohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokufaneleka kwezindawo ezahlukene.
Ukuqonda ukugqwala nokugqwala
Ukugqwala, kwaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-Iron Oxide, amafomu lapho i-iron iphendula ngomoya-mpilo kanye nomswakama. Le nqubo ye-electrochemical iphumela ekuwohlokeni kwensimbi. Ukugqwala akunandaba kuphela i-Iron kodwa nezinye izinsimbi, ngakunye ukuphendula ngokusekelwe ezintweni zezemvelo. Ngokwe-World Cororion Organisation, izindleko zomhlaba wonke zokugqwala zilinganiselwa ku- $ 2.5 trillion njalo ngonyaka, okulingana no-3.4% we-GDP yomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwamasu asebenzayo wokulwa nokugqwala.
Izici ezinjengomswakama, izinga lokushisa, ukuvezwa ngosawoti, kanye nokungcoliswa kwezimboni kusheshisa inqubo yokugqwala. Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezindaweni zezimboni zisengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indlela efanelekile yokulwa nokugqwala kuya ngezimo ezithile zensimbi ezizobhekana nazo.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokulwa
Ukusabalala
I-Galvanization ifaka i-ensimbi noma insimbi nge ungqimba lwe-zinc. I-zinc isebenza njenge-angode yomhlatshelo, i-corlode esikhundleni sensimbi eyisisekelo. I-hot-dip galvaning yindlela ejwayelekile lapho insimbi ifakwe e-zingn zinc, iqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuphelele. Insimbi ye-Galvanized isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izimbobo ezihleliwe zinganikeza ukuvikeleka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ezindaweni ezithile. Ukusebenza kahle kuncike ekunciphiseni kwe-zinc coating kanye nobunzima bezimo zokuvezwa.
I-galvalume coating
I-galvalume iyinhlanganisela ehlanganiswa i-zinc, aluminium kanye ne-silicon. Le nhlanganisela ihlinzeka ukumelana okuthuthukile kokugqwala ngokuqhathaniswa ne-galvanization yendabuko. I-aluminium ku-coating inikeza ukuvikela okuvinjelwe, kuyilapho i-zinc ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-galvanic. Insimbi eboshwe nge-galvalume izuzisa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle nezezimboni lapho amanani aphezulu aphezulu.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-galvalume ingahlala izikhathi ezingesikhathi esiyizishiyagalolunye esikhathini eside kunezimbobo ezithile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukusebenza kwalo okuphakeme kwenza kube yikhetho elithandwayo lokuphahla, ukuxazulula, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudla khona isikhathi eside.
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engenasici iqukethe i-chromium, eyakha isendlalelo se-oxide esingavimba ukugcwala okuqhubekayo. Isimo sokuzilapha esiphilayo salolu ungqimba lapho siklanywe ngensimbi engagqwali simelana nokugqwala. Amabanga ahlukahlukene wensimbi engenasici anikela ngamazinga ahlukene okumelana nokugqwala, okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum okuvikelekile okuthuthukisiwe.
Ngenkathi insimbi engenacala iyinto enhle yokulwa nokugqwala, izindleko zayo ziphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinketho. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukugcinelwa izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona amandla womabili nokuphikiswa okuphezulu okuphezulu, njengasemishini yezokwelapha, ingqalasizinda, kanye nemishini ephezulu.
Upende wokuvikela kanye nezimbobo
Ukusebenzisa upende wokuvikela kanye nezimbobo kuyindlela eguquguqukayo yokuvimbela ukugqwala. Lezi zimbozo zisebenza njengesithiyo, ukuvimbela umswakama nomoya-mpilo ekufinyeleleni endaweni yensimbi. I-Epoxy Coatings, amapeni we-polyurethane, kanye nokumbona kwe-powder izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-coating baholele ekuthuthukisweni kwamapende angonakaliso angonakaliso aqukethe izinhlungu zokugqwala. Ngokwengeziwe, izimbobo zingalinganiswa ukuhlinzeka ngesikhalo sobuhle kanye nokuvikelwa, kubenza balungele imikhiqizo yabathengi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulwa bust-bust
Ukuvikelwa kweCathodic
Ukuvikelwa kweCathodic kuyindlela ye-electrochemical esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukonakala kwendawo yensimbi ngokwenza kube yi-cathode yesitokisi se-electrochemical. Lokhu kutholakala ngokufaka i-meral yensimbi evuthayo kalula ukuze usebenze njenge-anode. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi, imikhumbi izinhlaka zemikhumbi, kanye nezinhlaka zolwandle, le ndlela ivimbela ngempumelelo ukugqwala kwizicelo ezibucayi.
Izinhlelo ezihlabe umxhwele izinhlelo zamanje ze-Cathodic Protection (ICCP) ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla yangaphandle ukuhlinzeka okwamanje okudingekayo. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza ukulawula okungcono futhi zilungele izakhiwo ezinkulu lapho ukuvikeleka okufanayo kubalulekile.
I-Vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCIS)
Ama-VCIS ayizinto ezivuthayo kanye nokwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo ezindaweni zensimbi. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni ukuvikela izingxenye zensimbi ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuhamba. I-VCIS inenzuzo ngoba ingavikela izindawo ezingafinyeleleki futhi ayidingi uhlelo oluqondile endaweni yensimbi.
Ukusebenza kwe-VCIS kukhonjisiwe ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene, kukhombisa ukuncishiswa okukhulu emazingeni okugqwala. Zisiza ikakhulukazi ukuvikela izingxenye ezisele, imishini yezempi, nasembonini yezimoto.
Ama-Nanotechnology Coaclings
I-Nanotechnology ivule izindlela ezintsha ezimbobeni zokulwa nokugqwala. I-Nano-Coatings yakha izingqimba ze-Ultra-mncane ezinikeza ukuvikela okuphakeme ngaphandle kokuthinta isisindo noma ukubukeka kwensimbi. Lezi zimbozo zingaba yi-hydrophobic, ukuvikela umswakama ekulandeleni ebusweni, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ubungozi bokugqwala.
Ucwaningo olukule nkambu luyaqhubeka, ngemiphumela ethembisayo ekhombisa ukuqina okuthuthukile nokusebenza. Izimboni ezinjenge-aerospace ne-elekthronikhi zihlola lezi zimbozo zezakhi ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu nokuvikelwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kwezixazululo zokulwa nokugqwala
Lapho ukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa nokugqwala, izici ezinjengemvelo, izindleko, inqubo yokufaka isicelo, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kufanele kubhekwe. I-Galvanization kanye ne-galvalume Coathings anikezela ngokuvikelwa okungabizi futhi okusebenzayo kwensimbi ehlelekile. Insimbi engenasici ihlinzeka ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala kodwa ngezindleko eziphakeme.
Upende wokuvikela kanye nama-coatings anikela ngezinketho zokuhlobana kanye nezinketho zobuhle, ezilungele imikhiqizo lapho ukubukeka kubalulekile khona. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obunjenge-nanotechnology coatings kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic kulungele izicelo ezikhethekile ezidinga ukuvikelwa okuphakeme.
Ukubonisana nabakhiqizi kanye nochwepheshe kungasiza ekukhetheni ikhambi elifanele kakhulu. Izinkampani ezinakekela ngaphakathi Ubuchwepheshe be-Anti-Rust bunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kwintuthuko yakamuva neminikelo yomkhiqizo.
Izifundo zamacala
Amaphrojekthi Wengqalasizinda
I-Golden Gate Bridge yangenisa i-anti-corrionion ebalulekile esebenzisa izimbotshana ezisuselwa ku-zinc. Le phrojekthi ikhombise ukusebenza kwamasu wesimanje okulwa nokugqwala ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuphila kwezakhiwo zesithonjana. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimbozo ezisebenza kakhulu kuncishisiwe izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukile.
Ngokufanayo, amapayipi embonini kawoyela negesi asebenzisa amasistimu wokuvikela ama-Cathodic ukuvimbela ukuvuza kanye nobungozi bezemvelo. Lezi zinhlelo zibalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bamanethiwekhi amakhulu e-pipeline.
Imboni yezimoto
Abathengisi basebenzisa intukuthelo ebanzi ne-galvalume kakhulu emizimbeni yemoto ukuvikela ukugqwala. Ukumelana okuthuthukile kokugqwala kuholele ekutheni kube nezifiso zemoto ende kanye namanani angcono wokuthengisa. Izinto ezintsha ku-Coatings nazo zivumele ngezinto ezilula ngaphandle kokuvikelwa.
Izimoto zikagesi, ezivame ukuba nezimfuneko ezibonakalayo ezihlukile, ziyazuza ezimbozweni ezithuthukile zokulwa nokugqwala okuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokuphepha.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yokuvikelwa kokulwa
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokulwa nokugqwala, uhlelo lokusebenza olufanele nokunakekelwa kubalulekile. Ukulungiselela okungaphezulu, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza nokususa ukugqwala okukhona, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-coatings anamathela kahle. Ukuhlola okujwayelekile nokulungiswa kosizo ekutholeni nasekubhekaneni nokugqwala kusenesikhathi.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo kufanele futhi kuqondise ukukhetha kwezixazululo zokulwa nokugqwala. Isibonelo, ezindaweni zasolwandle, izimbobo kufanele zibekezelele ukugqwala kwamanzi. Ezimweni zezimboni, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokungcola kuyadingeka.
Ukugcina
Ukuthola isixazululo esihle kakhulu sokulwa nokugqwala kudinga indlela ehlukahlukene, cabanga ngempahla ebonakalayo, ukuvezwa kwemvelo kanye namasu okusebenzisa. Ngenkathi ukumbona kwe-galvanization kanye ne-galvalume kunikeza ukuvikela okuthembekile futhi okungokomnotho kwezicelo eziningi, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile njengezinkomba ze-nanotechnology zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezidingo ezikhethekile.
Ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zohlelo ngalunye kubalulekile ekukhetheni indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokulwa. Ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo ngobuchwepheshe obusha kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amasu okuvikela ukugqwala. Ekugcineni, inhloso ukunweba impilo yemikhiqizo yensimbi nezakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nokonga izindleko.
Ngeminye imininingwane nge-Innovative Izixazululo ze-Anti-Rust , ochwepheshe bezimboni banganikeza ukuholwa enzelwe izidingo ezithile.
