Kpɔkplɔyiɖeme
Didi be woade dzesi ga sesẽtɔwo nye nusi ʋã mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe ŋgɔyiyi le dɔwɔƒe vovovowo. Tso yamenutomeyimɔ̃ɖaŋu dzi va ɖo xɔtutu dzi la, ga ƒe ŋusẽe afia alesi wòsɔ na dɔ veviwo wɔwɔ. Le numekuku sia si me kɔ nyuie me la, míeku nu me le ga sesẽtɔ kekeake atɔ̃ siwo dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya nya la ŋu, eye míedzro woƒe nɔnɔmewo, wo zazã, kple dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe gɔmeɖose siwo kpena ɖe woƒe ŋusẽ tɔxɛa ŋu la me.
Nusiwo nana ga ƒe ŋusẽ sesẽna gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ na nuwo ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo. Nu siawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye atɔm ƒe wɔwɔme, kadodo, kple akɔbli ƒe anyinɔnɔ. Ga siwo le abe gakpo ene nɔ ŋgɔ le woƒe nɔnɔme siwo woate ŋu azã le mɔ vovovowo nu ta. Vevietɔ, . gakpo sesẽ siwo ƒe vovototowo trɔ asi le egbegbe mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwo ŋu to alesi woda asɔ le ŋusẽ, alesi woate ŋu aʋuʋui, kple gazazã nyuie dome me.
1. Tungsten ƒe ƒuƒoƒo
Tungsten xɔ ŋkɔ be eƒe nutete ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ wu dzɔdzɔme ga ɖesiaɖe, si nye ŋusẽ si hiã be woatsɔ ahe nane vaseɖe afisi wòagbã la ƒe dzidzenu. Esi tungsten ƒe tenɔnɔ ƒe ŋusẽ anɔ abe megapascals 1,510 (MPa) ta la, enɔa anyi didina ŋutɔ. Eƒe ʋeʋẽ lilili kple eƒe ʋeʋẽ lilili na wòsɔ nyuie na elektrik, asrafowo, kple yamenutome dɔwɔƒewo.
Ga la ƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo tso eƒe atɔm ƒe wɔwɔme kple ga ƒe kadodo sesẽ siwo le eƒe atɔmwo dome gbɔ. Tungsten ƒe ŋutete be wòanɔ te ɖe dzoxɔxɔ sesẽwo nu evɔ metrɔ asi le eŋu boo o na wòxɔ asi na akpa aɖewo abe tukpewo ƒe mɔ̃ ƒe nugbɔwo kple tu siwo zɔna kabakaba ene.
2. Gakpo
Ga nye nusi wotsɔ gayibɔ kple carbon koŋ wɔe. Carbon kple nu bubuwo abe chromium, nickel, kple manganese ene tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu nana eƒe ŋusẽ kple eƒe nɔnɔme nɔa anyi didina. Le eƒe wɔwɔme kple alesi wowɔa eŋudɔe nu la, gakpo ate ŋu aɖe ŋusẽ kple eƒe ʋeʋẽ vovovowo afia. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, wozãa gakpo sesẽ vovovowo abe gakpo si me carbon sɔ gbɔ ɖo ene le lãtsodɔwɔnuwo kple tsidzɔƒewo me le woƒe sesẽ ta.
Alesi gakpowo te ŋu wɔa dɔ le mɔ vovovowo nu na wònye dzogoedzikpe le xɔtutu kple ewɔwɔ me. Nu yeye siwo wowɔ le gakpowo wɔwɔ me, abe dzoxɔxɔ-mɔ̃wo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple micro-alloying ene, na wowɔ gakpo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ, siwo me ga mebɔ o (HSLA) siwo naa mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔme siwo nyo wu evɔ woƒe kpekpeme dzina ɖe edzi boo o.
3. Chromium ƒe ƒuƒoƒo
Wonya chromium be esesẽna ŋutɔ eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu. Esi chromium ƒe Mohs sesẽ nye 8.5 ta la, enye ga sesẽtɔwo dometɔ ɖeka. Zi geɖe la, wozãnɛ tsɔ blaa ga bubuwo tsɔ kpɔa wo ta eye woƒe dzedzeme nanyo ɖe edzi. Wozãa chromium ƒe ŋusẽ le gakpo si mexɔ dzo o wɔwɔ me, afisi wònaa gakpoa ƒe tsitretsitsi ɖe oxidation kple ɖiƒoƒo ŋu dzina ɖe edzi.
Chromium tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe gakpo ŋu, si zi geɖe la, 10.5% ya teti le eƒe lolome nu, naa oxide ƒe ƒuƒoƒo tsɛ aɖe nɔa gakpoa ƒe anyime, si xea mɔ na xɔxlɔ̃ bubuwo—si nye nɔnɔme si woyɔna be pasivation. Esia na be gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o le vevie le nuto siwo me wòhiã be ŋusẽ nanɔ wo ŋu eye woatsi tre ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu siaa, abe le atikewo ŋuti dɔwɔnuwo kple atikewɔnuwo me ene.
4. Titanium si woyɔna be Titanium
Wodea asixɔxɔ titanium ŋu le eƒe ŋusẽ kple kpekpeme ƒe sɔsɔme gã kple alesi wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyuie ta. Togbɔ be mesẽ abe tungsten ene o hã la, titanium-kpewo ate ŋu aɖo 830 MPa va ɖo 2,070 MPa ƒe tenɔnɔŋusẽ gbɔ, le akɔbli la kple wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnuwo nu. Titanium ƒe kpekpeme sue na wòsɔ nyuie na yamenutomeyimɔ̃wo zazã le afisiwo kpekpeme dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le vevie le.
Atikewɔwɔ me dɔwɔwɔwo hã ɖea vi tso titanium ƒe biocompatibility me. Alesi wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe ŋutilã me tsi nu la na wòsɔ na amekoko ƒe amekoko kple ametia ƒe ŋutilã ƒe akpa aɖewo wɔwɔ. Yamenutomeyimɔ̃dɔwɔƒewo zãa titanium le yameʋu ƒe mɔ̃wo, yameʋuwo, kple yamenutomeyimɔ̃wo me le ŋutete si le esi be wòanɔ te ɖe nuteɖeamedzi kple dzoxɔxɔ sesẽwo nu ta.
5. Inconel ƒe ŋkɔ
Inconel nye nusiwo wotsɔa nickel-chromium wɔe ƒe ƒome aɖe. Wonya Inconel-kpewo be woƒe ŋutete be woalé ŋusẽ me ɖe asi eye woatsi tre ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu le dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ ŋutɔ me, eye wole vevie ŋutɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nɔnɔme siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie me. Esi woƒe ʋuʋu ƒe ŋusẽ wu MPa 1,000 ta la, wozãa wo le dɔwɔwɔwo abe turbine blades, tukpewo ƒe mɔ̃wo, kple nuklia-nuwɔnawo ene me.
Inconel ƒe akɔbliwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ etɔxɛe tso woƒe ŋutete be woawɔ passivating oxide layer si le ɣie, si li ke le dzoxɔxɔ gã me gbɔ. Kplɔ̃ sia kpɔa nusi wotsɔ wɔe ta tso amedzidzedze bubu me, si wɔnɛ be Inconel sɔ na nɔnɔme siwo me wobiaa nu geɖe le wu afisi dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsitretsitsi kple mɔ̃ ƒe ŋusẽ siaa hiã le.
Gawo Ŋuti Numekuku Si Wotsɔ Sɔ Kple Wo Nɔewo
Ne èle ga siawo tsɔm sɔ kple wo nɔewo la, menye woƒe tensile strength ɖeɖeko ŋue wòle vevie be míabu o ke boŋ mɔ̃ɖaŋunu bubuwo abe sesẽ, ductility, kple impact resistance hã ŋu. Togbɔ be tungsten ƒe tenɔnɔ ƒe ŋusẽ lolo wu hã la, egbãna ŋutɔ, si wɔnɛ be womezãnɛ le dɔ siwo me wòhiã be wòatrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu le o. Gakpo, vevietɔ gakpo sesẽwo , naa ŋusẽ kple ductility ƒe dadasɔ, si wɔe be woate ŋu azãe le afisiafi.
Chromium doa ŋusẽ ga bubuwo ƒe nɔnɔme to ga si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui me, si wɔnɛ be wosesẽna eye womete ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu o. Titanium ƒe ŋusẽ si le bɔbɔe la nye esi ɖeke mesɔ kplii o, gake eƒe asi si lolo wu ate ŋu anye nusi axe mɔ ɖe enu. Inconel ƒe zazã etɔxɛe le nɔnɔme siwo gbɔ eme me na be esɔ le eƒe gazazã me le dɔwɔwɔ siwo me kpododonu menye tiatia o me.
Dɔwɔwɔ le Egbegbe Dɔwɔƒewo Me
Yamenutome Kple Takpɔkpɔ
Yamenutomeyimɔ̃dɔwɔƒewo biaa nusiwo ate ŋu anɔ te ɖe nuteɖeamedzi kple dzoxɔxɔ sesẽwo nu. Wozãa Titanium kple Inconel geɖe le yameʋuwo ƒe xɔtunuwo, mɔ̃wo, kple tuwo me. Nu siawo ƒe asi gã la nyea woƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple woƒe agbenɔƒe didi le wo zazã me.
Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le gaŋutinunya me na woto gakpo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ, abe gakpo siwo wotsɔna ƒoa gae ene, siwo wozãna le tukpewo ƒe xɔtunuwo kple yamenutomeyimɔ̃ ƒe akpa bubuwo me vɛ. Ga siawo naa ŋusẽ kple sesẽme si de ŋgɔ wu le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ tɔxɛ aɖewo wɔwɔ vɔ megbe.
Xɔtuɖaŋu Kple Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dɔwɔnawo
Ga gakpɔtɔ nye egbegbe xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe megbeƒu. Eƒe zazã le xɔtuɖoɖowo, tɔdzisasrãwo, kple xɔtuɖaŋudɔwo me ɖeke mesɔ kplii o. Gakpo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ, siwo me wometsɔa ga wɔe o ƒe wɔwɔ na xɔtunuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyo ɖe edzi esime wòɖe nuwo zazã kple gazazã dzi kpɔtɔ.
Nusiwo le abe chromium kple akɔbli ene le gakpo siwo mexɔa dzo o, abe gakpo siwo me yame ƒe nɔnɔme gblẽna ene. Ga siawo wɔa gbeɖuɖɔ si kpɔa ame ta si ɖea xɔtuɖaŋu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔna, si wɔnɛ be xɔwo ƒe agbenɔƒe didi eye wòɖea ga si wozãna ɖe wo dzadzraɖo ŋu dzi kpɔtɔna.
Ʋudɔwɔƒewo
Mɔ̃memi zazã nyuie ƒe ʋiʋli na ʋudɔwɔƒewo di nusiwo le bɔbɔe wu eye wosẽ wu. Ga siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ kple titanium ƒe akpa aɖewo ɖea ʋu ƒe kpekpeme dzi kpɔtɔna evɔ womegblẽa dedienɔnɔ me o. Wozãa gakpo siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui geɖe le ʋu ƒe xɔtunuwo, mɔ̃a ƒe akpa aɖewo, kple dedienɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo abe agbalẽ xatsaxatsawo ene me.
Ga deŋgɔ siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ (AHSS) nana aɖaŋuwɔlawo te ŋu zãa nusiwo le tsɛ wu esime woléa be woate ŋu adze anyi. Esia wɔnɛ be ʋu siwo le bɔbɔe wu eye womezãa ami nyuie wu eye woɖea ya si dona le yame dzi kpɔtɔna.
Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le Gaŋutinunya me
Numekuku siwo yi edzi le gaŋutinunya me yi edzi le ga ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe liƒowo tum. Mɔnuwo abe nanostructuring kple alloying kple anyigba me nu siwo mebɔ o ene na woto ga siwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo tɔgbe medzɔ kpɔ o vɛ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, numekulawo le numekuku wɔm tso ga ƒe ahuhɔ̃ewo ŋu, siwo ƒoa ga ƒe ŋusẽ kple ahuhɔ̃e ƒe asitɔtrɔ le nɔnɔmewo ŋu le woƒe atɔm ƒe wɔwɔme si me nɔnɔme mele o ta.
Nu bubu si ŋu wowɔ ŋgɔyiyi le enye nusiwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui zazã, afisi wotsɔa gawo tsakana kple anyikpe alo polymers tsɔ wɔa nusiwo ƒe ŋusẽ kple kpekpeme ƒe sɔsɔme si de ŋgɔ wu eye wote ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu. Woate ŋu azã nu siawo le yamenutomeyimɔ̃wo, aʋawɔnuwo, kple atikewɔwɔ dɔwɔƒewo.
Kuxiwo Kple Nusiwo Ŋu Woabu
Togbɔ be ga ƒe ŋusẽ nye nu vevi aɖe hã la, ele be mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo nabu nɔnɔme bubuwo abe mɔ̃ ƒe ŋutete, gaŋutiɖoɖo, kple gazazã hã ŋu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, tungsten ƒe gbagbã kple ewɔwɔ sesẽe xea mɔ na eŋudɔwɔwɔ le afisiafi togbɔ be eƒe tenɔnɔ sesẽ hã. Nenema ke titanium kple Inconel ƒe asi ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe dɔwɔwɔ gãwo nu.
Nutoa me ƒe nɔnɔmewo hã wɔa akpa aɖe. Ga siawo ɖeɖe kple wo ŋudɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu agblẽ nu le nutome ŋu vevie. Adzɔha la le ŋgɔ yim ɖo ta nuwɔna siwo li tegbee wu gbɔ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye nusiwo wogbugbɔ zãna kple gaŋutinunya ƒe mɔnu damawo toto vɛ.
Etsɔme Nukpɔsusu
Ga sesẽwo ƒe etsɔme le numekuku kple wo wɔwɔ dzi yiyi me. Ŋgɔyiyi siwo wowɔ le nanotechnology kple nuwo ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya me do ŋugbe be woawɔ ga kple ga yeye siwo ƒe nɔnɔmewo sɔ na dɔ tɔxɛ aɖewo wɔwɔ. Akɔntabubu ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ kple nunya wɔwɔe ƒe ƒoƒo ɖekae le nu yeyewo dim kabakaba.
Wole nusiwo le abe graphene kple nu bubu siwo ƒe akpa eve le ene me kum le woƒe ŋusẽ tɔxɛ kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe nɔnɔmewo ta. Togbɔ be menye ga o hã la, woate ŋu atsɔ wo akpe ɖe ga ŋu atsɔ awɔ nusiwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui siwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyo ɖe edzi.
Nyanuwuwuw
De dzesi ga sesẽ atɔ̃ siwo le ŋgɔ wu la te gbe ɖe ŋgɔyiyi wɔnuku siwo wowɔ le nuwo ŋuti dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwo me dzi. Ga siwo le abe tungsten, gakpo, chromium, titanium, kple Inconel ene dometɔ ɖesiaɖe kpena ɖe egbegbe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ŋu etɔxɛe. Akpa si wòwɔna womate ŋu agblɔ gakpo sesẽ wòagbɔ eme o, elabena enaa ŋusẽ, ga si woate ŋu aƒle, kple alesi woate ŋu azãe le mɔ vovovowo nu la da sɔ.
Esi dɔwɔƒewo le ŋgɔ yim eye kuxi yeyewo do mo ɖa la, nusiwo sesẽ wu, siwo le bɔbɔe wu, eye wonɔa anyi didina ƒe didi ayi edzi anɔ dzidzim ɖe edzi. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo ƒe agbagbadzedze ɖekae le xexeame katã le mɔ ʋum na ga deŋgɔ siwo atrɔ asi le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya kple xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe etsɔme ŋu ƒe dzidzime si gbɔna.
