Daminɛ kuma
O ɲinini min kɛra walasa ka nɛgɛ barikamaw dɔn, o kɛra sababu ye ka fɛɛrɛ kuraw don izini suguya caman na. K’a ta aerospace engineering la ka se jɔli ma, nɛgɛ fanga b’a ka bɛnnenya latigɛ baara nafamaw kama. Nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli dafalen in kɔnɔ, an bɛ nɛgɛ barikama duuru sanfɛla lajɛ minnu bɛ dɔn dɔnniya fɛ, k’u ka nafaw, u ka baarakɛcogo ani u ka dɔnniya sariyakolow sɛgɛsɛgɛ minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye k’u fanga danma.
Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka nɛgɛ fanga sɔrɔ, o faamuyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ fɛnw dɔnbagaw ni ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw bolo. O kow ye atomikɛlanw jɔcogo ye, u sirili, ani u ka sɔrɔta. Nɛgɛw i n’a fɔ nɛgɛw bɛ ɲɛfɛ k’a sababu kɛ u ka fɛn caman ye. kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la , . Nɛgɛ suguya barikamaw ye fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya bi ɛntɛrinɛti kan, u kɛtɔ ka balansi di fanga, ductility ani musaka dɔgɔyali cɛ.
1. Tungsten .
Tungsten tɔgɔ bɔra a ka fanga bonya la nɛgɛ nafama suguya o suguya la, o min ye fanga sumanikɛlan ye min ka kan ka kɛ walasa ka fɛn dɔ sama ka se yɔrɔ la a bɛ kari yɔrɔ min na. Ni fanga bɛ megapascal 1510 ɲɔgɔn na (MPa), Tungsten bɛ mɛn kosɛbɛ. A ka wuliyɔrɔ ni a density (dansi) ka bon, o b’a to a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ kuran, sɔrɔdasiw ani aerospace (aerospace) baarakɛyɔrɔw la.
Nɛgɛ in ka danfara-ko dɔw bɛ Bɔ a ka atomikɛlan na ani nɛgɛ sirili barikamaw a ka atomiw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Tungsten ka se ka funteni jugumanba muɲu k’a sɔrɔ a ma fɛn caman tiɲɛ, o b’a to a nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ fɛnw na i n’a fɔ roke motɛriw ani teliyaba fɛnw.
2. Nɛgɛ .
Nɛgɛ ye nɛgɛ ye min bɛ Kɛ fɔlɔ ni nɛgɛ ni karɔbɔli ye. Kabɔn ni fɛn wɛrɛw farali i n’a fɔ chrome, nickel ani manganɛsi, o bɛ a fanga ni a muɲuni bonya. Ka kɛɲɛ n’a dabɔcogo n’a furakɛli ye, nɛgɛ bɛ se ka fanga ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw caman jira. Misali la, Nɛgɛ suguya barikamaw i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ min bɛ kɛ ni karɔbɔni ye, olu bɛ kɛ tigɛminɛnw ni jibolisiraw la k’a sababu kɛ u gɛlɛya ye.
Nɛgɛ caman bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn caman ye, o b’a kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka jɔli ni fɛn dilanni kɛ. Kokura minnu kɛra nɛgɛ dilanni na, i n’a fɔ thermo-mechanical processing ani micro-alloying, olu kɛra sababu ye ka nɛgɛw dilan minnu fanga ka bon, minnu ka dɔgɔ (HSLA) minnu bɛ masinw ka baarakɛcogo ɲumanw di, k’a sɔrɔ u girinya ma bonya kosɛbɛ.
3. Kɔrɔmu .
Kɔrɔmu bɛ dɔn a ka gɛlɛya ka bon ani a ka se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ. Ni MOHS gɛlɛya ye 8,5 ye, chrome ye nɛgɛ gɛlɛn dɔ ye. A ka ca a la, a bɛ kɛ ka nɛgɛ wɛrɛw kɛ plati la walasa k’u lakana ani k’u yecogo ɲɛ. Kɔrɔmu fanga bɛ baara kɛ ni nɛgɛ ye min tɛ sɔgɔ, o yɔrɔ la, a bɛ dɔ fara a ka oksidan ni nɔgɔ bɔli kan.
Kɔrɔmu farali nɛgɛ kan, a ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ 10,5% ye a girinya la, o bɛ kɛ ɔkisizɛni finman ye nɛgɛ sanfɛla la, o bɛ sɔgɔli wɛrɛw bali—fɛn min bɛ wele ko passivation. O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka nɛgɛw kɛ fɛn nafamaw ye sigidaw la, fanga ni sɔgɔli bɛɛ bɛ kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na, i n’a fɔ kemikɛli minɛnw ni furakɛli minɛnw.
4. Titanium .
Titanium nafa ka bon a fanga ni a girinya hakɛ caman na ani a ka sɔgɔli kɛcogo ɲuman na. Hali ni a barika ka bon i n’a fɔ tungsten, titanium alloys bɛ se ka fanga sɔrɔ 830 MPa ni 2070 MPa cɛ, ka kɛɲɛ ni alloy ni processing techniques ye. Titanium ka density dɔgɔman b’a to a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ aerospace baarakɛcogo la yɔrɔ minnu na girinya dɔgɔyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ.
Furakɛcogo fana bɛ nafa sɔrɔ titanium ka biyocompatibilité la. A ka farikolojiw bɛ se ka kɛ sababu ye ka opereli kɛ ni opereli ye. Aerospace industry bɛ baara kɛ ni titanium ye jet motɛriw la, airframes la, ani spacecraft la k’a sababu kɛ a bɛ se ka degun ni funteni caman muɲu.
5. Inconel .
Inconel ye denbaya ye min bɛ ni nikɛri-chromi-based superalloys ye. A dɔnna u ka se ka fanga mara ani ka u ka nɔgɔw kunbɛn funteni camanba la, inconel alloys nafa ka bon ɛntɛrinɛti sigidaw la minnu bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ. Ni tension (janya) fanga tɛmɛna 1000 MPa (1000 MPa) kan, u bɛ Kɛ baara la i n’a fɔ turbine (turbine) nɛgɛw, roke (roke) motɛriw, ani nucléaire (nucleaire) reactors (nucleaires).
Inconel alloys ka baara kɛcogo danfaralen bɛ bɔ u seko la ka ɔkisizɛni sɔgɔlenba dɔ dilan min bɛ sabati funteni caman na. O layini in bɛ fɛn in tanga binkanni wɛrɛw ma, o bɛ inconel kɛ yɔrɔ ye min bɛ bɛn sigidaw ma minnu ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ, funteni ni masin fanga fila bɛɛ ka kan ka sɔrɔ yɔrɔ minnu na.
Nɛgɛw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ .
Ni aw bɛ o nɛgɛw suma ɲɔgɔn na, a nafa ka bon ka u ka fanga dɔrɔn jateminɛ, nka u ka masina nafa wɛrɛw fana jateminɛ i n’a fɔ gɛlɛya, ductility, ani impact resistance. Tungsten, hali n’a ka fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ, o fana bɛ tiɲɛ kosɛbɛ, o bɛ dan sigi a baara la baarakɛminɛnw na, fɛn minnu ka kan ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ. nɛgɛ , kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la . Nɛgɛdaga barikamaw , bɛ fanga ni ductility balansi di, o b’a to a bɛ se ka kɛ yɔrɔ bɛɛ.
Kɔrɔmu bɛ nɛgɛ wɛrɛw ka nafaw bonya ni u sɔgɔli ye, ka dɛmɛ don gɛlɛya ni sɔgɔli la. Titanium fanga ka nɔgɔn, nka a musaka ka bon, o bɛ se ka kɛ dan ye. Inconel ka baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen sigidaw la minnu ka jugu kosɛbɛ, o bɛ a musaka jo jira baarakɛminɛnw na, dɛsɛ tɛ sugandi ye yɔrɔ minnu na.
Aplikasi minnu bɛ sɔrɔ bi iziniw kɔnɔ .
Aerospace ani lafasali .
Aerospace industry bɛ fɛnw ɲini minnu bɛ se ka degun ni funteni caman muɲu. Titanium ni inconel bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ awiyɔnw, motɛriw ani misiriw la. O fɛnw musaka ka bon, o bɛ bɔ u ka baara kɛcogo n’u ka ɲɛnamaya jan na.
Ɲɛtaa minnu bɛ kɛ nɛgɛko la, olu kɛra sababu ye ka nɛgɛw labɛn minnu fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ, i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ min bɛ kɛ ni nɛgɛ ye, n’o bɛ kɛ ni misiriw ye ani aerospace yɔrɔ wɛrɛw. O nɛgɛw bɛ fanga ni gɛlɛya fisaman di u ma u kɛlen kɔ ka funteni furakɛli kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɛ.
jɔli ni fɛnsɔrɔsiraw .
Nɛgɛ bɛ to bi jɔli kɔkanna ye. A baara kɛli jɔli hukumu kɔnɔ, dankanw, ani fɛnsɔrɔko porozɛw la, o tɛ se ka suma. Nɛgɛ minnu fanga ka bon, minnu ka dɔgɔn, olu yiriwali ye fɛnw ka baara kɛcogo ɲɛ ka sɔrɔ ka fɛnw baaracogo n’u musakaw dɔgɔya.
Nɛgɛ minnu bɛ se ka nɔgɔ, i n’a fɔ nɛgɛw, olu bɛ sɔrɔ fɛnw na i n’a fɔ chrome ani nɛgɛ. O nɛgɛw bɛ kɛ ka nɔgɔw lakana minnu bɛ dɔ bɔ fɛnw sɔgɔli hakɛ la, ka fɛnw ka ɲɛnamaya janya ani ka dɔ bɔ ladonni musakaw la.
Mobili industrie .
Push for fuel efficace ye mobili baarakɛlaw bila ka fɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ minnu ka nɔgɔn ani minnu barika ka bon. Nɛgɛ minnu fanga ka bon ani titaniyɔmu yɔrɔw bɛ mobili girinya dɔgɔya k’a sɔrɔ a ma lakana. Nɛgɛdaga bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ mobili karamɔgɔya la, motɛri yɔrɔw la, ani lakanafɛnw na i n’a fɔ roll cages.
Nɛgɛ minnu fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ (AHSS) olu bɛ sira di dilanbagaw ma u ka se ka baara kɛ ni fɛn finmanw ye k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ crashworthiness mara. O bɛ na ni mobili nɔgɔmanw ye minnu bɛ ni sɛnɛfɛnw sɔrɔli ye ka ɲɛ ani minnu bɛ bɔ u ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw na.
Ɲɛtaa minnu bɛ kɛ nɛgɛko la .
Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɛ senna nɛgɛko la, olu bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka nɛgɛ fanga dancɛw gɛlɛya. Fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ Kɛ i n’a fɔ nano-sɔgɔli ni u ɲɔgɔnnabɔli ni dugukolo-fɛnw ye minnu man ca, olu Kɛra sababu ye ka nɛgɛw yiriwa minnu nafa ma deli ka Sɔrɔ fɔlɔ. Misali la, ɲininikɛlaw bɛ ka nɛgɛw sɛgɛsɛgɛ, minnu bɛ nɛgɛw fanga fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni gilasi sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye k’a sababu kɛ u ka atomike atomike jɔcogo ye.
Ɲɛtaa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ ye fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, nɛgɛw bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni seramiki walima polimɛriw ye walasa ka fɛnw dilan minnu bɛ fanga ni girinya hakɛ ni sɔgɔli kunbɛncogo ɲuman jira. O fɛnw bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni aerospace, lafasali ani furakɛli baarakɛyɔrɔw ye.
Gɛlɛyaw ni jateminɛw .
Hali ni nɛgɛ fanga ye ko kɔrɔba ye, ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw ka kan fana ka fɛn wɛrɛw jateminɛ i n’a fɔ masinw, weldability, ani musaka. Misali la, Tungsten ka bɔgɔbɔli n’a ka gɛlɛya bɛ dan sigi a baara la kosɛbɛ hali n’a fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ. O cogo kelen na, titanium ni inconel musaka bɛ se ka kɛ dantigɛli ye baarabaw kama.
Sigidako fana jɔyɔrɔ ka bon. O nɛgɛw bɔli n’u baara bɛ se ka nɔba bila sigida la. O baara in bɛ ka taa ɲɛ ka ɲɛsin walew ma minnu bɛ sabati, i n’a fɔ fɛnw lasegincogo ani nɛgɛko siratigɛw yiriwali.
Future Outlook .
Nɛgɛ barikamaw ka siniɲɛsigi bɛ sɔrɔ ɲininiw ni yiriwaliw la minnu bɛ taa ɲɛ. Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ nanoteknoloji ni fɛnw dɔnniya la, olu bɛ nɛgɛ ni fɛn wɛrɛw layidu ta ni nafolomafɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye. Jateblaw ka misali ni hakililata jɛli bɛ ka fɛn kuraw sɔrɔli teliya.
Fɛn minnu bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ grafɛnɛ ani fɛn fila wɛrɛw, olu bɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ u ka fanga ni u ka kuran sɔrɔcogo danma na. Hali ni nɛgɛ tɛ, u bɛ se ka fara nɛgɛw kan walasa ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw dilan ni baarakɛcogo ɲuman ye.
Kuncɛli
Nɛgɛ barikama duuru minnu bɛ sanfɛ, olu dɔnni bɛ ɲɛtaa kabakomaw jira fɛnw dɔnniya ni ɛntɛrinɛti kan. Nɛgɛw i n’a fɔ tungsten, nɛgɛ, chrome, titanium ani inconel kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ dɛmɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen don bi fɛɛrɛw la. jɔyɔrɔ min ye . Nɛgɛ barikama tɛ se ka fɔ ka tɛmɛ, bawo a bɛ fanga, musaka sɔrɔcogo, ani fɛn caman kɛcogo balansi di.
Ni iziniw bɛ ka wuli ka taa ɲɛ ani ni gɛlɛya kuraw bɛ ka sɔrɔ, fɛn barikamaw, minnu ka nɔgɔn, ani minnu bɛ mɛn, olu ɲinini bɛna taa ɲɛ. Dɔnniyakɛlaw ni injiniyɛriw ka jɛkafɔw diɲɛ kɔnɔ, olu bɛ ka sira dabɔ nɛgɛ kɔrɔlenw bɔnsɔn nataw ye minnu bɛna fɛɛrɛw ni fɛnsɔrɔsiraw ka siniɲɛsigi labɛn.
