Daminɛ kuma
Nɛgɛ barikamaw dɔnni ɲinini kɛra fanga ye min kɛra sababu ye ka fɛɛrɛ kuraw yiriwa izini suguya caman na. K’a ta aerospace injiniyɛri la ka se a jɔli ma, nɛgɛ fanga de b’a jira ko a bɛnnen don baara gɛlɛnw na. Nin sɛgɛsɛgɛliba in kɔnɔ, an bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ nɛgɛ barikama duuru sanfɛtaw kan, dɔnniya bɛ minnu dɔn, k’u jogo, u kɛcogo, ani dɔnniya sariyakolow sɛgɛsɛgɛ minnu b’u fanga danfaralen don.
Fɛn minnu bɛ nɛgɛ fanga bonya, olu faamuyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ fɛnw dɔnnikɛlaw ni ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw bolo. O fɛnw ye atomi jɔcogo, a sirili ani a fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sɔrɔli ye. Nɛgɛ minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ, olu kɛra ɲɛfɛ k’a sababu kɛ u ka baarakɛcogo caman ye. Kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, . nɛgɛ suguya barikamaw ye fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya bi injiniyɛri la, u kɛtɔ ka balansi di fanga, ductility ani musakabɔcogo cɛ.
1. Tungsten (Tungsten) ye
Tungsten tɔgɔ bɔra kosɛbɛ a ka sɔgɔli fanga ka bon ni nɛgɛ nafama bɛɛ ye, o ye fanga sumanikɛlan ye min ka kan ka fɛn dɔ sama fo ka se a kariyɔrɔ ma. Ni a sɔgɔli fanga bɛ se megapascal (MPa) 1510 ma, tungsten bɛ mɛn kosɛbɛ. A wulicogo ka bon ani a ka denso b’a to a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ ka kɛ kuran, sɔrɔdasi ani sanfɛla baarakɛlaw la.
Nɛgɛ in ka danfara danfaralenw bɛ Bɔ a ka atomikɛcogo la ani nɛgɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya barikamaw a atomiw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Tungsten ka se ka funteni jugumanba muɲu k’a sɔrɔ a ma fɛn caman sɛgɛsɛgɛ, o b’a to a nafa ka bon a yɔrɔw la i n’a fɔ misiri motɛriw ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw minnu bɛ teliya kosɛbɛ.
2. Nɛgɛdaga
Nɛgɛ ye fɛn ye min bɛ kɛ ni nɛgɛ ni karɔbɔli ye fɔlɔ. Ni aw ye karɔbɔni ni fɛn wɛrɛw fara a kan i n’a fɔ chrome, nikɛri ani manganɛsi, o bɛ dɔ fara a fanga ni a muɲuli kan. Ka kɛɲɛ n’a kɛcogo n’a furakɛcogo ye, nɛgɛ bɛ se ka fanga ni ductilité suguya caman jira. Misali la, nɛgɛ barikama suguya minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ minnu ka bon, olu bɛ kɛ tigɛminɛnw ni jibolisiraw la k’a sababu kɛ u gɛlɛya ye.
Nɛgɛ bɛ se ka baara kɛ cogo caman na, o b’a kɛ jɔli ni fɛn dilanni jɔyɔrɔba ye. Ko kura minnu kɛra nɛgɛ dilanni na, i n’a fɔ thermo-mechanical processing ani micro-alloying, olu kɛra sababu ye ka nɛgɛ barikamaw dilan, nɛgɛ minnu ka dɔgɔn (HSLA) minnu bɛ masinko jogo ɲumanw di k’a sɔrɔ u girinya ma caya kosɛbɛ.
3. Kɔrɔmu (Chrome) bɛ sɔrɔ
Kɔrɔmu bɛ dɔn a ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ ani a bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ. Ni Mohs gɛlɛya ye 8,5 ye, chrome ye nɛgɛ gɛlɛnw dɔ ye. A ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ ka nɛgɛ wɛrɛw kɛ plati la walasa k’u lakana ani k’u cogoya ɲɛ. Kɔrɔmu fanga bɛ baara kɛ ni nɛgɛ ye min tɛ sɔgɔ, o yɔrɔ la, a bɛ dɔ fara nɛgɛdaga in ka se ka oksidan ni nɔgɔli kɛlɛ.
Ni chrome farala nɛgɛ kan, a ka c’a la, a dɔgɔyalenba ye 10,5% ye a girinya la, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka ɔkisizɛni finman dɔ kɛ nɛgɛ sanfɛ, o bɛ sɔgɔli wɛrɛw bali—o ye fɛn ye min bɛ wele ko passivation. O b’a to nɛgɛ minnu tɛ sɔgɔ, olu nafa ka bon sigidaw la, fanga ni nɔgɔli bɛɛ ka kan ka kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na, i n’a fɔ kemikɛli minɛnw ni furakɛli minɛnw.
4. Titaniyɔmu (Titanium).
Titanium nafa ka bon a fanga ni girinya hakɛ caman na ani a ka sɔgɔli kɛcogo ɲuman na. Hali n’a barika man bon i n’a fɔ tungsten, titaniyɔmu sɔgɔlenw bɛ se ka sɛgɛn fanga sɔrɔ 830 MPa ni 2070 MPa cɛ, ka kɛɲɛ ni sɔgɔli ni baarakɛcogo fɛɛrɛw ye. Titanium ka density dɔgɔyali b’a to a ka ɲi kosɛbɛ aerospace baarakɛcogo la yɔrɔ minnu na girinya dɔgɔyali nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ.
Furakɛcogo fana bɛ nafa sɔrɔ titaniyɔmu ka biyocompatibilité la. A ka se ka farikolojiw kɛlɛ, o b’a to a bɛnnen don opereli kɛli ni farikolojidɛsɛw ma. Aerospace baarakɛlaw bɛ baara kɛ ni titanium ye jet motɛriw la, awiyɔnw kɔnɔ, ani sanfɛlabɔlanw na k’a sababu kɛ a seko ye ka degunbaw ni funteni caman muɲu.
5. Inkɔnɛli
Inkɔni ye nikɛri-kɔrɔmu-sɔrɔ-minɛnw denbaya ye. U lakodɔnnen don u seko fɛ ka fanga mara ani ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ kɛlɛ funteni caman na, Inconel sɔgɔlenw nafa ka bon ɛntɛrinɛti sigidaw la minnu bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ. Ni u sɔgɔli fanga tɛmɛna 1000 MPa kan, u bɛ Kɛ baarakɛminɛnw na i n’a fɔ turbine (turbine) bɔgɔlanw, misiriw motɛriw, ani nukliyɛri-reactorw.
Inconel sɔgɔlenw ka baarakɛcogo danma bɛ bɔ u seko la ka ɔkisizɛni passivatɛri belebeleba dɔ dilan min bɛ sabati funteni caman na. O layini bɛ fɛn in tanga binkanni wɛrɛw ma, o b’a to Inconel bɛ bɛn sigidaw ma minnu ka gɛlɛn kosɛbɛ, funteni kunbɛnni ni masin fanga fila bɛɛ ka kan ka kɛ yɔrɔ minnu na.
Nɛgɛw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ
Ni an bɛ nin nɛgɛ ninnu suma ɲɔgɔn na, a nafa ka bon k’u ka sɔgɔli fanga dɔrɔn jateminɛ, nka u ka masinko wɛrɛw fana jateminɛ i n’a fɔ u gɛlɛya, u ka wulicogo, ani u ka se ka ɲɔgɔn gosi. Tungsten, hali n’a ka sɔgɔli fanga ka bon, a fana bɛ kari kosɛbɛ, o min bɛ dan sigi a baara la baarakɛyɔrɔw la, yɔrɔ minnu na a ka kan ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ. Nɛgɛ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la nɛgɛ barikamaw , o bɛ fanga ni ductility balansi di, o b’a to a bɛ se ka baara kɛ kosɛbɛ.
Kɔrɔmu bɛ nɛgɛ wɛrɛw nafa bonya ni ɲɔgɔn ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka nɛgɛ gɛlɛnw ni sɔgɔli kunbɛn. Titanium fanga nɔgɔman tɛ se ka suma ni o ye, nka a musaka ka bon, o bɛ se ka kɛ dan ye. Inconel ka baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kɛli sigida juguw la, o b’a ka musakaw jalaki baarakɛminɛnw na, dɛsɛ tɛ sugandi ye yɔrɔ minnu na.
Baarakɛcogo minnu bɛ kɛ bi iziniw kɔnɔ
Aerospace ani Lafasali
Aerospace baarakɛlaw bɛ fɛnw ɲini minnu bɛ se ka degunbaw ni funteni caman muɲu. Titanium ni Inconel bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ awiyɔnw karamɔgɔya la, motɛriw la ani misiriw la. O fɛnw musaka ka bon, o bɛ bɔ u baarakɛcogo la ani u si jan baara la.
Ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra nɛgɛko la, olu kɛra sababu ye ka nɛgɛw labɛn minnu fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ, i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ maraging, minnu bɛ kɛ misiriw kɔnɔ ani aerospace yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la. O nɛgɛw bɛ fanga ni gɛlɛya caman di u ma funteni furakɛli kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw kɛlen kɔfɛ.
So jɔli ni fɛnsɔrɔsiraw
Nɛgɛ tora bi jɔli kɔkolo ye. A baara kɛli boonw jɔli karamɔgɔya la, bɔrɔw la, ani fɛnsɔrɔko porozɛw la, o ɲɔgɔn tɛ yen. Nɛgɛ minnu fanga ka bon, n’u tɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ kosɛbɛ, olu yiriwali ye jɔli baara kɛcogo ɲɛ ka sɔrɔ ka dɔ bɔ fɛnw baaracogo n’u musakaw la.
Nɛgɛ minnu tɛ sɔgɔ, i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ minnu bɛ waati tiɲɛ, fɛnw bɛ sɔrɔ u la i n’a fɔ chrome ani copper. O nɛgɛw bɛ kɛ nɔgɔ lakanani ye min bɛ dɔ bɔ nɔgɔli hakɛ la, ka fɛnw si janya ani ka dɔ bɔ u ladonni musakaw la.
Mobiliko baarakɛyɔrɔ
Fɛnɲɛnɛmako gɛlɛya min kɛra, o kɛra sababu ye ka mobili baarakɛlaw bila ka fɛnw ɲini minnu ka nɔgɔn ani minnu barika ka bon. Nɛgɛ minnu fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ ani titaniyɔmu yɔrɔw bɛ dɔ bɔ mobili girinya la k’a sɔrɔ u ma lakana tiɲɛ. Nɛgɛdaga bɛ kɛ kosɛbɛ mobili karamɔgɔya la, motɛri yɔrɔw la, ani lakanafɛnw na i n’a fɔ roll cages.
Nɛgɛ minnu fanga ka bon (AHSS) minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ, olu b’a to dilanbagaw bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni fɛn finmanw ye, k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ se ka bin. O bɛ na ni mobili nɔgɔmanw ye minnu ka sɛnɛfɛnw musaka ka ɲi ani minnu bɛ dɔ bɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔli la.
Ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra nɛgɛko la
Sɛgɛsɛgɛli minnu bɛ senna nɛgɛko la, olu bɛ ka taa a fɛ ka nɛgɛ fanga dancɛw gɛlɛya. Fɛɛrɛ minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ nanostructuring ani alloying ni rare earth elements, olu kɛra sababu ye ka nɛgɛw yiriwa minnu ka nafaw ma deli ka kɛ fɔlɔ. Misali la, ɲininikɛlaw bɛ ka nɛgɛ gilasiw sɛgɛsɛgɛ, minnu bɛ nɛgɛw fanga ni gilasi ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo fara ɲɔgɔn kan k’a sababu kɛ u ka atomikɛlan cogoya ye min tɛ fɛn ye.
Ɲɛtaa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ ye fɛnw ye minnu bɛ kɛ ɲɔgɔn fɛ, nɛgɛw bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni seramiki walima polimɛriw ye walasa ka fɛnw dilan minnu fanga ni girinya hakɛ ka bon kosɛbɛ ani minnu bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ. O fɛnw bɛ se ka kɛ sanfɛla la, lafasali ani furakɛli baarakɛyɔrɔw la.
Gɛlɛyaw ni jateminɛw
Hali ni nɛgɛ fanga ye ko kɔrɔba ye, ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw ka kan ka nafa wɛrɛw fana jateminɛ i n’a fɔ masinko, weldacogo, ani musaka. Misali la, tungsten ka bɔgɔbɔgɔli ni a dilanni gɛlɛya bɛ dan a baaracogo caya la hali n’a ka sɔgɔli fanga ka bon. O cogo kelen na, titaniyɔmu ni Inkɔni musaka bɛ se ka kɛ dankarili ye baarabaw la.
Lamini kow fana jɔyɔrɔ ka bon. O nɛgɛw bɔli n’u baara bɛ se ka nɔba bila sigida la. O baara in bɛ ka taa wale sabatilenw fɛ, i n’a fɔ fɛnw lasegincogo ani nɛgɛko taabolo jɛlenw yiriwali.
Siniko jateminɛ
Nɛgɛ barikamaw ka siniɲɛsigi bɛ ɲinini ni yiriwali taabolo la. Nanotɛkinolozi ni fɛnɲɛnɛmako dɔnniya yiriwaliw bɛ layidu ta nɛgɛ ni nɛgɛ kuraw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni baara kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye. Jateminɛ kɛcogo misali ni hakililata faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ ka fɛn kuraw sɔrɔli teliya.
Fɛn minnu bɛ Kɛ i n’a fɔ grafɛnɛ ani fɛn fla wɛrɛw bɛ Sɛgɛsɛgɛ u fanga n’u kuran cogoya danmadɔw kosɔn. Hali n’u tɛ nɛgɛw ye, u bɛ se ka fara nɛgɛw kan walasa ka fɛnw dilan minnu ka baarakɛcogo ka bon.
Kuncɛli
Nɛgɛ barikama duuru minnu bɛ sanfɛ, olu dɔnni bɛ ɲɛtaa kabakomaw jira fɛnw dɔnniya ni ɛntɛrinɛti dɔnniya la. Nɛgɛ minnu bɛ i n’a fɔ tungsten, nɛgɛ, chrome, titanium ani Inconel, olu kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ dɛmɛ don bi fɛɛrɛ kuraw la cogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na. Jɔrɔ min bɛ... nɛgɛ barikama tɛ se ka fɔ ka tɛmɛ, bawo a bɛ fanga, sɔngɔko, ani fɛn caman kɛcogo balansi di.
Ni iziniw bɛ ka yiriwa ani ni gɛlɛya kuraw bɛ ka wuli, fɛn barikamaw, fɛn nɔgɔmanw ani fɛn sabatilenw ɲinini bɛna taa a fɛ. Dɔnniyakɛlaw ni ɛntɛrinɛti injiniyɛriw ka jɛkafɔ cɛsiriw diɲɛ kɔnɔ, o bɛ sira dabɔ nɛgɛ kɔrɔlenw bɔnsɔn nataw kama minnu bɛna fɛɛrɛbɔ ni fɛnsɔrɔko siniɲɛsigi cogoya.
