ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ 'ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯡꯂꯁ'ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯏꯚꯥꯜꯌꯨꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ASTM ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯪꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯚꯥꯂꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯀꯑꯣꯌꯦꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ≠ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ: ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫
'ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯡꯒꯜ' ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ: ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ; ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ, ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ: ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯒꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯜ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ, ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ: ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯗꯤꯛꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.
ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ: ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯚꯥꯔ, ꯗꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 'ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯡꯒꯜ'꯫
ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯚꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯂꯚꯥꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯗꯣꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯥꯊꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯨꯀꯥꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯃꯖꯤꯟꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯀꯣꯖ꯫ |
ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ꯫ |
ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ / ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ꯫ |
ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ 'ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ' ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ (ꯏꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯃꯦꯠ / ꯗꯨꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ |
ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯅꯟ-ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ꯫ |
ꯃꯣꯇꯜ (ꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ) ꯴. |
ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫ |
ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯆꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ꯫ |
'ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯡꯒꯜ' ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯗꯤꯀꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
'spangle' ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ 787°Fꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ: ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯡꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯕꯥꯊꯀꯤ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯔ ꯍꯦꯜꯊꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯣꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ... ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯡꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯥ 6ꯗꯒꯤ 8 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯐꯤꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯗꯤꯛꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ 'ꯗꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ' ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ꯫
ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯣꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯕꯥꯊ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ꯫
ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯃꯝꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ 'ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ' ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯁꯨ, ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯄꯤꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯞ ꯍꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ & ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ (The 'Workshop Hacks')
ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ: ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ (white rust) ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫
ꯚꯤꯅꯦꯒꯥꯔ/ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯅꯦꯒꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯜꯌꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯂꯣꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯎ꯫ ꯕꯕꯂꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
ꯁꯣꯞ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯟ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯗꯤ.ꯇꯤ.)꯫
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯞ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯒꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯍꯦꯜꯗ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯔꯣꯁ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯐꯦꯔꯣꯁ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯜ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ASTM A123 ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯜ 1.4ꯗꯒꯤ 3.9 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯂꯇꯤꯃꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ)
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦꯌꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ: ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (ꯒꯥꯃꯥ, ꯗꯦꯜꯇꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯇꯥ) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯁꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ-ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ (ꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ (HDG): ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯗꯣꯔ ꯂꯣꯡꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ HDG ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯇꯦꯗ ꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯆꯣꯏꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯒꯦꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ (EG): ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯥꯊ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ, ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏ.ꯖꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯆꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ-ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯝ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯦꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯃꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯇꯦꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ꯫ |
ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ꯫ |
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ꯫ |
ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦ ꯒꯥꯔꯗꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ) |
ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯗꯤ.ꯖꯤ.) |
ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ, ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ |
ꯏꯟꯗꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ) |
ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯒꯦꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ (ꯏ.ꯖꯤ.) |
ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ, ꯊꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ |
ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯋꯦꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ & ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ) |
ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯫ |
ꯃꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ꯫ |
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯁꯤꯡ: ꯍꯣꯌꯥꯏꯠ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯁꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯁꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯂꯅꯦꯔꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
'ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ' (ꯋꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ) ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ 'ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ' ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (white rust) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯇꯔꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ (white rust) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯝꯕꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯛꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯌꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯤꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯄꯔꯆꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯄꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ: ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ 'ꯀꯂꯔ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤ' ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 'ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯇꯦꯗ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ: ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ASTM A123 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯏꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ASTM A653ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯛꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤ, ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯂꯦ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ, ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯂꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯆꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯎ: ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯔꯁ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯌ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯎ: ꯍꯣꯌ, 'ꯗꯨꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ.' ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ASTM D6386 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ.
