Iinjineli, abaqulunqi, kunye namaqela athengisa izinto ahlala egweba isinyithi esinamatyholo ngokwenkangeleko yaso. Unokujonga ibhetshi entsha yentsimbi kwaye ulindele ukubengezela, ukugqiba okungenasiphako. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezibonwayo ezifana nokubengezela okanye 'ii-spangles' zesintu zizalathisi ezilambathayo zokunganyangeki komhlwa. Abathengi abaninzi bayalandula ngempazamo izinto ezingwevu, ngokungalunganga becinga ukuba umaleko okhuselayo unesiphene.
Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho wokwenyani kufuna ukuqonda iimpendulo zesinyithi. Kuya kufuneka uvavanye isiseko sekhemistri yentsimbi kwaye uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwe-ASTM kunokujonga nje umphezulu wesilivere. Ukuxhomekeka kwiitshekhi ezibonakalayo kuphela kudla ngokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kweprojekthi okuneendleko ezinkulu.
Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngesakhelo sobuchwephesha sokuchonga ngokubonakalayo iileyiti ezenziwe ngamagalvanized. Siza kuphonononga ukuba kutheni imibala yebhetshi ihluka kakhulu ngexesha lemveliso. Okokugqibela, uya kufunda indlela yokuseka iindlela zovavanyo olunenjongo zokufumana izixhobo ezithembekileyo, uqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yakho elandelayo yolwakhiwo ihlangabezana nemigangatho yobunjineli engqongqo.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Inkangeleko ≠ Ukwenziwa komsebenzi: Isiphelo esiluthuntu, esingwevu se-matte sihlala sibonakalisa umaleko ongqindilili, ohlala ixesha elide we-zinc-iron alloy, hayi isambatho esinesiphene.
'I-Spangle' Intsomi: Ii-spangle ezibalaseleyo ezifana ne-spangle ngokwembali zaziyimveliso yobumdaka belothe; intsimbi yanamhlanje, ehambelana nokusingqongileyo idla ngokuba nenkangeleko egudileyo, engaqinanga.
UQinisekiso Lufuna Isixhobo: Ngelixa iimvavanyo ezibonwayo nezasendle (ezifana neentshukumo zeasidi) zibonelela ngemikhondo, ukuqinisekisa inyameko eyiyenyani yediphu eshushu kufuna umlinganiselo wesinyithi owenziwe ngentsimbi ngovavanyo lwaselabhoratri okanye igeyiji yobukhulu bemagnethi.
Cacisa ngeDatha, hayi iAesthetics: Ukuthengwa okuyimpumelelo kuxhomekeke ekuthelekiseni iiNgxelo zoVavanyo lweMill (MTRs) kunye nemigangatho ye-ASTM kwisicelo sakho esithile, kunokuba umisele umdlalo ochanekileyo wombala.
Iimpawu ezibonakalayo: ISilivere eqaqambileyo, iGrey eDull, kunye 'Spangle'
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo olubonakalayo lwezinto ezisanda kwenziwa zihluka ngokubanzi. Xa uhlola ukuhanjiswa okusanda kwenziwa, unokuqaphela umahluko ogqithisileyo wobuhle. Umntu omnye Ishiti lentsimbi ekhandisiweyo lisenokubonisa izinto ezigqityiweyo ukusuka kwisilivere eqaqambileyo, ekhanyayo ukuya kwiflethi, engwevu engacacanga. Oku kwahluka ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngexesha lokuqala lokupholisa emva kokuba isinyithi siphuma kwibhafu ye-zinc.
Ukuqonda ngcono lo mahluko womphezulu, sinokuzihlela ezokuqala zigqibezele zibe yimbonakalo yobuhle obuchaziweyo. Itshathi engezantsi ishwankathela iimeko zembonakalo oqhele ukuhlangana nazo kumgangatho wevenkile.
Ukugqiba ngokubonakalayo |
Unobangela wokuqala |
Ubume boMphezulu |
Eqaqambileyo / eShiny Silver |
Ubukho be-'zinc yasimahla' ecocekileyo yangaphandle (i-Eta layer). |
Smooth, ibonakalisa kakhulu. |
I-Matte / iNgwevu eLuthuli |
I-Zinc-iron alloy layers ifikelela kumphezulu wangaphandle ngexesha lokupholisa. |
Umcaba, urhabaxa kancinci, awubonakalisi. |
I-Mottled (Ixutyiwe) |
Amazinga okupholisa angalinganiyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo enxalenye enye enkulu. |
Ukudityaniswa kwePatch yeendawo ezimenyezelayo nezibuthuntu. |
Ukucacisa ipateni ye 'Spangle'
Igama elithi 'spangle' libhekisa kubuhle bekristale obubonakalayo kumphezulu wentsimbi. Le pateni yenza ngenkqubo ethile ye-nucleation. Njengoko i-zinc etyhidiweyo iphola ngaphantsi kwe-787 ° F, iiathom ze-zinc zincamathela kwiikristale zembewu kumphezulu wentsimbi. Benza iipateni zekristale ezine-hexagonal njengoko ubushushu buhla.
Ukujongwa kweNyaniso yoShishino: Ezikhulu, ii-spangles ezibonakalayo kakhulu ubukhulu becala zizinto zexesha elidlulileyo. Iinkqubo zakwangoko zasebenzisa izongezo zelothe eziyityhefu ukunciphisa i-viscosity yebhafu ye-zinc, nto leyo eyenze ngempazamo ezi pateni zinkulu zekhephu. Abathengi baye baqhelana nale mbonakalo. Amaziko anamhlanje abeka phambili ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabasebenzi. Basebenzisa izongezo ezikhuselekileyo njenge-antimony okanye basuse izongezo ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje Intsimbi yeGalvanized ibonisa i-spangles ezincinci kakhulu okanye ukugqitywa okugudileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Inkqubela phambili yeMozulu
Kuya kufuneka uqaphele ukuba inkangeleko yentsimbi ivela njani ebaleni. Imiphezulu eyenziwe ngegalati ayihlali ikhazimla ngonaphakade. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezisi-8 zokuvezwa ngaphandle, umphezulu uba nenkqubela yendalo yemozulu. Isinyithi sisabela kumswakama kunye nekharbon diokside emoyeni. Ukukhanya kokuqala kuyaphela, ukutshintshela kwiyunifomu, i-zinc-patina egrey ethulisiwe. Lo maleko we-zinc carbonate ubonelela ngomqobo onzima ngendlela emangalisayo, owenzeka ngokwendalo ngokuchasene nokubola kokusingqongileyo.
Kutheni le nto inkangeleko yeCoating inganyanzeli ukuxhathisa kweCorrosion
Abathengi bahlala bexhalabile kakhulu xa befumana ibhetshi yentsimbi emnyama okanye i-matte. Bacinga ukuba isiphelo esimnyama esingwevu sibonakalisa ukusilela kwinkqubo yokugalela. Oku 'buthuntu bungwevu' obungaqondiyo bukhokelela ekukhatyweni kwemathiriyeli ngokungeyomfuneko kunye nobudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwababoneleli. Enyanisweni, i-aesthetics iphantse ayinakho ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqibela kwe-corrosion yezinto.
Indima yeNsimbi yeKhemistri
I-reactivity yesiseko sentsimbi iqhuba umphumo obonakalayo. Ngokukodwa, umxholo weSilicon kunye nePhosphorus ngaphakathi kwentsimbi ekrwada imisela ukuba intsimbi isabela kangakanani na kwi-zinc etyhidiweyo. Intsimbi esebenza ngamandla itsala intsimbi engaphezulu kwi-zinc coating ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa. Ukuba intsimbi iwela kwicandelo elisebenzayo kakhulu, i-metallurgical reaction iyaqhubeka nasemva kokuba intsimbi ishiya i-galvanizing bath.
I-Zinc-Iron Alloy Advantage
Ukugqitywa okumnyama, okumnyama kubonisa ukuba i-coating yenziwe phantse yonke i-zinc-iron intermetallic layers. Iingubo eziqhelekileyo ze-galvanized zibandakanya umaleko wangaphandle we-zinc ecocekileyo, ebonelela ngenkangeleko ekhanyayo. Insimbi esebenzayo idla le zinki ecocekileyo, iguqule ngokupheleleyo ibe yi-zinc-iron alloy.
Isakhelo seSigqibo: Kuya kufuneka ujonge oku kugqitywa kwe-matte grey njengenzuzo kunesiphene. Ngelixa ingenawo 'i-zinc yasimahla' ecwebezelayo, ukusabela okukhawulezileyo kukhokelela ekugqumeni okungqindilili ngokupheleleyo. Iingubo ezityebileyo ziguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kubomi obude obulinganayo okanye obuphezulu kwiindawo ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, abaphathi kunye nabaqulunqi kufuneka balumke. I-zinc-iron alloy ecocekileyo iileya zithande ukuba brittle kancinci. Kuya kufuneka ugweme iimpembelelo ezinobunzima bomatshini okanye ukugoba okugqithisileyo ukuthintela ukudangala kwendawo.
Indlela yokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo intsimbi yentsimbi
Ukuthembela kuphela kwi-aesthetics ebonakalayo kudala imingcipheko. Udinga iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa ubukho kunye nomgangatho wengubo eyenziwe ngegalvanized. Ezi ndlela zisuka kwii-hacks ezilula zokusebenzela ukuya kuhlalutyo olungqongqo lwelabhoratri.
Ukujongwa okuQinisekisayo okuQalayo kunye neNdawo ('IHacks yeWorkshop')
Abasebenzi basemasimini bahlala besebenzisa iitshekhi ezikhawulezayo ukuvavanya isitokhwe sesinyithi esingaziwayo. Ezi ndlela aziyithathi indawo yovavanyo olusesikweni, kodwa zibonelela ngezalathiso ezikhawulezayo.
Ukuhlolwa komhlwa: Jonga isiqwenga somhlwa obomvu osebenzayo. Isigqubuthelo sokwenyani sithintela ukuvela komhlwa obomvu. Ungabona intsalela engumgubo omhlophe (umhlwa omhlophe), kodwa ukungabikho kwe-iron oxide ebomvu kubonisa ngamandla umaleko we-zinc okhuselayo.
UVavanyo lweViniga/I-Acid: Galela amathontsi ambalwa esinyibiliko esineasidi ethambileyo njengeviniga yasekhaya okanye i-hydrochloric acid exutyiweyo kumphezulu. Ukusabela kwekhemikhali epholileyo okukhokelela ekubhubhiseni kubonisa ubukho be-zinc. Gcina ukhumbula olu vavanyo lungqina kuphela ukuba i-zinc ikhona; ayinako ukuchonga indlela esetyenzisiweyo yokufaka igalvanizing.
Uvavanyo olungangonakalisiyo (NDT) kuMgangatho wevenkile
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wevenkile ochanekileyo, amaqela olawulo lomgangatho axhomekeke kwizixhobo zovavanyo ezingonakalisi. Iigeyiji zobukhulu bemagnethi okanye zombane zibonelela ngedatha ekhawulezileyo, enokuthatyathwa. Ezi zixhobo ziphathwa ngesandla ziqinisekisa ubukho be-non-ferrous coating efakwe phezu kwesiseko sesinyithi.
Ngokulinganisa ubukhulu be-mil obuchanekileyo, abahloli banokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa. Amalungu olwakhiwo kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho yobukhulu be-ASTM A123. Ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukhulu bentsimbi, uluhlu olwamkelekileyo luhlala luwela phakathi kwe-1.4 ukuya kwi-3.9 mils. Ukufundwa kolu luhlu kuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo amanqanaba okhuseleko afanelekileyo.
UQinisekiso lweLabhoratri (Obona bungqina buGqibeleleyo)
Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo uyahlule igalvanizing yokwenyani yokudipha kwiipeyinti ezityebileyo zinc, ukutshiza ngokushushu, okanye ukucwenga ngoomatshini. Zonke ezi ndlela zisebenzisa i-zinc, zenza iimvavanyo zemichiza ezisisiseko zingaquki.
Ubungqina bezeNzululwazi: Inyaniso ye-hot-dip galvanizing ime yodwa kwisakhiwo sayo sesinyithi. Yeyona ndlela yokusetyenziswa edala ibhondi yentsimbi yokwenyani enemigangatho emithathu eyahlukileyo ye-intermetallic (iGamma, iDelta, kunye neZeta). Amagcisa aselabhorathri aqinisekisa lo tyikityo lolwakhiwo lukhethekileyo ngokufota ngokunqamlezileyo. Kungenjalo, izazinzulu zisebenzisa i-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) ukufumanisa udibaniso oluthile lwe-iron-zinc olukhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokudipha eshushu.
Ukutshatisa udidi lweNtsimbi yeGalvanized kwiSicelo sakho
Impumelelo yokuthengwa kweempahla neenkonzo ifuna ukuthelekisa inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso neemfuno zakho zokusingqongileyo. Ayizizo zonke iintsimbi ezigqunywe ngezinc ezisebenza ngokufanayo. Ukucacisa imathiriyeli echanekileyo kuthintela ukuthotywa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwaye kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokwenziwa.
I-Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG): Le nkqubo intywilisela intsimbi ngqo kwi-zinc etyhidiweyo. Ibonelela ngeyona ndlela ingqindilili yokwaleka. I-HDG ihlala ilolona khetho lubalaseleyo lobude obude bangaphandle kunye nemfezeko yolwakhiwo. Ngenxa ye-aggressive metallurgical reaction, ukubonakala kwayo kokugqibela kuhlala kuguquguquka kakhulu.
I-Electrogalvanized (EG): Abavelisi bafaka i-zinc ngokusebenzisa umsinga wombane kwibhafu yeekhemikhali. Oku kudala umaleko obhityileyo kakhulu, ofanayo, kunye nobengezela kakhulu. I-EG imele ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizicelo zangaphakathi okanye izinto ezifuna ubuhle obungenasiphako phambi kokupeyinta. Nangona kunjalo, ibonelela ngokhuseleko oluncinci lobunzima bomhlwa kwiindawo ezinobundlongondlongo zangaphandle.
Intsimbi yeGalvannealed: Oku kusebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo yesibini. Emva kokutyalwa kokuqala, i i-galvanized steel coil ingena kwinkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa ngokukhawuleza. Ubushushu bunyanzelisa intsimbi ukusuka kwisiseko sentsimbi ukuba isasazeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-zinc layer. Ishiya i-matte grey egqityiweyo inokwakheka okuncinci. Umphezulu osisiphumo uba udityaniswa kakhulu kwaye unikezela ngepeyinti encamathelayo ephezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwimveliso yeemoto.
Ukhetho lweMatrix Logic: Sicebisa abathengi ukuba babeke phambili iziphumo ezicetywayo ngaphezu kobuhle bentsimbi ekrwada. Sebenzisa le matrix ingezantsi ukukhokela isicwangciso sakho sokuthenga.
INjongo yeSicelo |
Uhlobo olucetyiswayo |
Uphawu oluphambili |
Ukutyhileka okukrwada kwaNgaphandle (umzekelo, iireyile zohola wendlela) |
I-Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) |
Ubukhulu obukhulu, ubuhle obuguquguqukayo. |
Iipaneli zesiXhobo sangaphakathi (zipeyintwe kwangaphambili) |
Electrogalvanized (EG) |
Umphezulu ogudileyo ongenasiphako, ukhuseleko oluncinci. |
Amalungu oMzimba weemoto (anokuweldable & nokupeyintwa) |
Intsimbi yeGalvannealed |
Umphezulu we-matte alloy, i-adhesion egqwesileyo yepeyinti. |
Ukuthengwa kweeflegi eziBomvu: Umhlwa omhlophe kunye neMigangatho yokuThenga
Xa ukuthunyelwa kufika, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kuhlala kubalulekile ekuchongeni ukugcinwa kunye nokusingatha imiba. Kuya kufuneka uhlukanise phakathi kwamabala ezinto zokuthambisa kunye nobuthathaka bentsimbi obusisiseko.
Ukuchonga 'umhlwa oMhlophe' (Ibala lokuGcina okumanzi)
Ngamathuba athile ungatyhila intsalela emhlophe engumgubo egqume intsimbi esanda kuhanjiswa. Le nto yaziwa njenge 'irusi emhlophe' okanye ibala lokugcina elimanzi. Umhlwa omhlophe unezinc hydroxide. Yenzeka ngokukhawuleza xa ukufuma kubanjiswa phakathi kwemiphezulu yentsimbi ebekwe ngokungqongqo ngaphandle kokuhamba komoya okwaneleyo.
Le meko ikholisa ukwenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba phantsi kweethaphu okanye ngeendlela zogcino olungekho mgangathweni. I-rust emhlophe ibonakala iyothusa, kodwa ayikuko ukusilela kwesiseko sesinyithi. Umhlwa okhanyayo, ongumgubo omhlophe uqhawula ngokulula kwaye awufane uchaphazele uxhathiso lwexesha elide lomhlwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa okuqinileyo, okumnyama, okuqinileyo kufuna ukucocwa ngoomatshini kwaye kunokubonisa ubude bexesha lokugquma.
Ukubeka Okulindelekileyo kunye nababoneleli
Ukuthengwa kwempahla ngokubonakalayo kufuna unxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nolindelo oluqhutywa yidatha. Unokuphelisa uninzi lweengxabano zobonelelo ngokubonelela ngeendlela ezingqongqo zamaxwebhu.
Cela Iingxelo zoVavanyo lweMill (MTRs): Soloko ucela ababoneleli nge-MTRs phambi kokukhupha iiodolo zokuthenga. Hlaziya amanqanaba eSilicon kunye nePhosphorus. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiseko sekhemistri yentsimbi iwela ngaphakathi kweeparamitha ezifanelekileyo kukunceda ulindele umphumo wokugqibela wobuhle.
Uthintelo loMngcipheko: Sicebisa ngamandla ngokuchasene nokuchaza 'ukungqinelana kombala' okanye 'i-uniform spangle' kwiimvumelwano zokuthengwa kwempahla yemathiriyeli eshushu. Iinyani zeMetallurgical zenza ukuba ukuhambelana okubonakalayo kungenzeki kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo.
Cacisa iMigangatho: Endaweni yokugxila kwi-aesthetics, cacisa ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwimigangatho yoshishino. Yalela ukuthotyelwa kwe-ASTM A123 kumacandelo olwakhiwo okanye i-ASTM A653 yamaphepha kunye neemveliso zekhoyili.
Ukuqukumbela
Inkangeleko yentsimbi yegalvanized iphuma kwintsebenziswano entsonkothileyo yesinyithi, amazinga okupholisa, kunye nesiseko sekhemistri yentsimbi. Ngelixa izinto zesilivere ezimenyezelayo zikhangeleka zinomtsalane kumgangatho wefektri, umaleko we-alloy ofileyo omdaka uhlala ubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu, oluhlala ixesha elide lokusingqongileyo. Ukugweba umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo ngeso kuphela kukhokelela ekukhatyweni ngokungeyomfuneko kunye nokuchithwa kwemithombo.
Siyakukhuthaza ukuba uvavanye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokusekwe ngokungqongqo kubukhulu bengubo, ukwakheka kwealloyi, kunye nemigangatho yokuthobela ye-ASTM eyaziwayo kunokukhanya komphezulu. Umgangatho wokwenyani ulele kwi-microscopic metallurgical bond, hayi i-reflesive sheen.
Mema amaqela akho okuthenga kunye neenjineli ukuba adibane neengcali zemathiriyeli kwangoko kwinqanaba loyilo. Ngokuqonda ezi zinyani zobugcisa, unokukhetha ngokuzithemba ukucaciswa okuchanekileyo kwesinyithi esifakwe kwi-zinc efunekayo kwindawo yakho yokusebenza ethile.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Ndingatsho ukuba intsimbi yenziwe ngemagnethi?
A: Hayi. Isiseko sentsimbi simagnetic, kodwa i-zinc layer ayikho. Umazibuthe uya kubambelela kwintsimbi ekhandiweyo, kodwa oku kubonisa kuphela isiseko se-ferrous, hayi ubume bengubo.
UMBUZO: Kutheni ezinye iinxalenye ezenziwe ngegalvan zikhangeleka zimenyezela ngelixa ezinye ezikwibhetshi enye zikhangeleka zibuthuntu?
A: Ukwahluka kumazinga okupholisa okanye ukuhluka okuncinci kwikhemikhali yensimbi yendawo (ngokukodwa i-silicon kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus) kubangela amazinga ahlukeneyo e-iron-zinc alloy formation.
Umbuzo: Ngaba intsimbi ekhandiweyo inzima kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo?
A: Ewe, kodwa kancinci. Ingubo ye-zinc yongeza ubungakanani obuncinci besisindo esipheleleyo, esinokuba sisalathisi sesibini xa sithelekisa iindawo ezimbini ezifanayo.
Umbuzo: Ngaba unokupeyinta phezu kwentsimbi enezinki ukuba awuyithandi inkangeleko?
A: Ewe, usebenzisa 'isixokelelwano se-duplex.' Nangona kunjalo, umphezulu kufuneka ulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ube nemozulu, okanye iiprimers ezithile mazisetyenziswe ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM D6386 ukuthintela ukuxobuka.
