Ba injeniyeri, abahimbyi, hamwe nitsinda ryamasoko bakunze gucira ibyuma bya galvanised uko bigaragara. Urashobora kureba icyiciro gishya cyicyuma ugategereza kurangiza, kutagira inenge. Nyamara, imico igaragara nkubunebwe cyangwa gakondo 'spangles ' ni ibimenyetso bibi byerekana kurwanya ruswa. Abaguzi benshi bibeshye banga ibice byijimye byijimye, bibeshya ko urwego rukingira rufite inenge.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge nyabyo bisaba gusobanukirwa metallurgical reaction. Ugomba gusuzuma chimie yibanze kandi ukagenzura neza ASTM yubahiriza aho gushakisha gusa ifeza. Kwishingikiriza kugenzura gusa byonyine akenshi biganisha ku gutinda kwumushinga.
Aka gatabo gatanga uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo kwerekana amashusho yerekana neza. Tuzareba impamvu amabara yicyiciro atandukana cyane mugihe cyo gukora. Hanyuma, uziga uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma ibikoresho byizewe, kwemeza ko umushinga wawe wubatswe utaha wujuje ubuziranenge bwubuhanga.
Ibyingenzi
Kugaragara ≠ Imikorere: Irangi ryijimye, ryuzuye ryijimye akenshi ryerekana umubyimba mwinshi, uramba cyane wa zinc-fer alloy layer, ntabwo ari igifuniko gifite inenge.
'Spangle ' Ikinyoma: Ibirangantego bizwi cyane bisa na shelegi byari amateka yabyaye umwanda; kijyambere, ibidukikije byujuje ibyuma bya galvanised ibyuma akenshi biranga isura yoroshye, idafite imiterere.
Kugenzura bisaba ibikoresho: Mugihe ibizamini byo mumashusho no mumirima (nka reaction ya acide) bitanga ibimenyetso, byemeza ko igishishwa cyukuri gishyushye gisaba gupima ibice bya metallurgical intermetallic ukoresheje ibizamini bya laboratoire cyangwa ibipimo bya magneti.
Kugaragaza na Data, Ntabwo ari Aesthetics: Amasoko yatsindiye ashingiye ku guhuza Raporo y'Ikigereranyo (MTRs) hamwe na ASTM ibipimo byawe byihariye, aho gutegeka ibara ryuzuye.
Ibiranga Biboneka: Ifeza Yerurutse, Icyatsi cyijimye, na 'Ikizunguruka '
Urutonde rusanzwe rwibikoresho bishya bitunganijwe biratandukanye cyane. Mugihe ugenzura ibyatunganijwe bishya, urashobora kubona itandukaniro ryiza cyane. Ingaragu Urupapuro rwicyuma rushobora kwerekana amaherezo kuva kumurongo wera, ugaragaza ifeza igororotse, yijimye. Uku guhindagurika mubisanzwe bibaho mugihe cyambere cyo gukonjesha nyuma yicyuma gisohotse muri zinc.
Kugirango dusobanukirwe neza itandukaniro ryubuso, turashobora gutondekanya ibyarangiye muburyo bwiza busobanutse. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana incamake yimiterere uzahura nayo mububiko.
Kurangiza |
Impamvu y'ibanze |
Ubuso |
Umucyo / Shine Ifeza |
Kubaho 'zinc yubusa ' urwego rwinyuma (Eta layer). |
Byoroheje, byerekana cyane. |
Icyatsi / Icyatsi kijimye |
Zinc-fer alloy layer igera hejuru yinyuma mugihe cyo gukonja. |
Flat, ikaze gato, ntigaragaza. |
Yimuwe (Ivanze) |
Igipimo cyo gukonjesha kitaringaniye mubice bitandukanye byigice kinini. |
Guhuza ibice byahantu heza kandi hijimye. |
Gushushanya 'Icyerekezo ' Icyitegererezo
Ijambo 'spangle ' bivuga ubwiza bwa kristaline bugaragara hejuru yicyuma. Iyi shusho ikora binyuze muburyo bwihariye bwa nucleation. Nkuko zinc yashongeshejwe ikonje munsi ya 787 ° F, atome ya zinc ifata kristu yimbuto hejuru yicyuma. Bikora ibice bitandatu byerekana kristu uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka.
Inganda zifatika Kugenzura: Ingano nini, igaragara cyane ni ibintu byashize. Uburyo bwa galvanizing bwambere bwakoresheje inyongeramusaruro yuburozi kugirango igabanye ubukonje bwogero bwa zinc, butabishaka bwashizeho ubwo buryo bunini bwa shelegi. Abaguzi bakuze bamenyereye iyi sura. Ibikoresho bigezweho ubu bishyira imbere umutekano wibidukikije nubuzima bwabakozi. Bakoresha inyongeramusaruro zifite umutekano nka antimoni cyangwa bakuraho inyongeramusaruro burundu. Nkigisubizo, kigezweho Ibyuma bya Galvanised byerekana uduce duto cyane cyangwa birangiye neza.
Iterambere ry'ikirere
Ugomba kandi kumenya uburyo isura yicyuma ihinduka mumurima. Ubuso bwa galvanised ntibukomeza kumurika ubuziraherezo. Mugihe cy'amezi 6 kugeza 8 yambere yerekanwe hanze, ubuso bugenda butera ikirere gisanzwe. Icyuma kigira ingaruka ku butumburuke na karuboni ya dioxyde de kirere. Umucyo wambere urashira, uhinduka muburyo bumwe, uhinduye imvi zinc-patina. Iyi zinc karubone itanga inzitizi zidasanzwe, zisanzwe zibangamira kwangirika kw ibidukikije.
Impamvu Kugaragara Kugaragara Bidasobanura Kurwanya Ruswa
Abaguzi bakunze kugira impungenge zikomeye mugihe bakiriye icyiciro cyicyuma cyijimye cyangwa matte. Batekereza ko imvi zijimye zijimye zerekana kunanirwa mubikorwa bya galvanizing. Iyi 'imvi zijimye ' imyumvire itari yo iganisha ku kwangwa ibintu bitari ngombwa ndetse nubucuti butanga isoko. Mubyukuri, ubwiza ntaho buhuriye no kurwanya ruswa yibintu.
Uruhare rwa Chimie
Imyitwarire yicyuma cyibanze itwara ibisubizo bigaragara. By'umwihariko, ibirimo bya Silicon na Fosifore biri mu byuma bibisi byerekana uburyo icyuma gikora cyane kuri zinc yashonze. Ibyuma bikora cyane bikurura ibyuma byinshi muri cinc mugihe cyo gukonja. Niba ibyuma biri mubyiciro bidakabije, reaction ya metallurgical irakomeza na nyuma yicyuma kiva mubwogero.
Ibyiza bya Zinc-Iron
Kurangiza kwijimye, matte yerekana ko igifuniko kigizwe hafi ya zinc-fer intermetallic. Ubusanzwe ibishishwa bya galvanizike biranga urwego rwinyuma rwa zinc nziza, itanga isura nziza. Icyuma gikora neza koresha iki gipimo cyiza cya zinc, kigahindura rwose muri zinc-fer.
Urwego rwo gufata ibyemezo: Ugomba kubona iyi matte imvi irangiye nkibyiza aho kuba inenge. Mugihe idafite igicucu 'cyubusa zinc ', reaction yihuse mubisanzwe itera umubyimba mwinshi muri rusange. Ipitingi ndende isobanura neza kuramba cyangwa kurenza kuramba mubidukikije bikaze. Ariko, abatunganya ibihimbano bagomba guhimba. Zinc-fer isukuye ibice bikunda kuba byoroshye. Ugomba kwirinda ingaruka zikomeye zubukanishi cyangwa kunama bikabije kugirango wirinde guhindagurika.
Nigute Wamenya neza Ibyuma bya Galvanised
Kwishingikiriza gusa kuburanga bwiza butera ingaruka. Ukeneye uburyo bufatika kugirango ugenzure ko ihari hamwe nubwiza bwikariso. Ubu buryo butangirira kumahugurwa yoroshye kugeza kuri laboratoire ikomeye.
Itangiriro rya Visual & Field Checks (The 'Amahugurwa Hacks ')
Abakozi bo mu murima bakunze gukoresha igenzura ryihuse kugirango basuzume ububiko butazwi. Ubu buryo ntibusimbuza ibizamini bisanzwe, ariko bitanga ibimenyetso byihuse.
Kugenzura Rust: Suzuma igice kugirango ingese zitukura. Igipfundikizo cyukuri kirinda ingese zitukura. Urashobora kubona ibisigazwa byifu byera (ingese yera), ariko kubura okiside yicyuma gitukura byerekana neza ko zinc ikingira.
Ikizamini cya Vinegere / Acide: Koresha ibitonyanga bike byumuti wa acide yoroheje nka vinegere yo murugo cyangwa aside hydrochloric ivanze hejuru. Imiti yoroheje itera kuvubura yerekana ko hariho zinc. Wibuke iki kizamini cyerekana gusa zinc ibaho; ntishobora kumenya uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha uburyo bwakoreshejwe.
Ikizamini kidasenya (NDT) kubigorofa
Kugirango igenzurwa ryukuri ryamaduka, amatsinda agenzura ubuziranenge yishingikiriza kubikoresho byo gupima bidasenya. Ibipimo bya magnetiki cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bipima bitanga amakuru yihuse. Ibi bikoresho byabigenewe byemeza ko hari igifuniko kitagira fer cyashyizwe hejuru yicyuma fatizo.
Mugupima uburebure bwa mil, abagenzuzi barashobora kugenzura niba byubahirizwa. Ibice byubaka bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa ASTM A123. Ukurikije icyiciro cyibintu hamwe nubunini bwibyuma, urwego rwemewe rusanzwe rugwa hagati ya mil 1.4 na 3.9. Gusoma muriki cyiciro byemeza neza urwego rukwiye rwo kurinda.
Kugenzura Laboratoire (Icyemezo Cyiza)
Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba gutandukanya byimazeyo gushyuha-gusiga amarangi akungahaye kuri zinc, gutera amashyuza, cyangwa gusya. Ubu buryo bwose bukoresha zinc, bigatuma ibizamini byibanze byimiti bidashoboka.
Ibimenyetso bya siyansi: Ukuri gushyushye-dip galvanizing ihagaze yonyine muburyo bwa metallurgjique. Nuburyo bwonyine bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gukora metallurgical bond ihuza ibice bitatu bitandukanye (Gamma, Delta, na Zeta). Abatekinisiye ba laboratoire bagenzura umukono wihariye wubatswe binyuze muri micro-gufotora. Ubundi, abahanga bakoresha Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) kugirango bamenye icyerekezo cyihariye cya fer-zinc cyihariye muburyo bwo gushyuha.
Guhuza Ubwoko bwicyuma cya Galvanised Kuri Porogaramu yawe
Intsinzi yamasoko isaba guhuza inzira yinganda n'ibidukikije. Ntabwo ibyuma byose bisize zinc bikora kimwe. Kugaragaza ibikoresho byukuri birinda kwangirika hakiri kare kandi bigahindura imikorere yinganda.
Hot-Dip Galvanised (HDG): Iyi nzira yibiza ibyuma muri zinc yashonze. Itanga igicucu kinini gishoboka. HDG ikomeje guhitamo neza kuramba hanze no kuramba. Bitewe na reaction ya metallurgical reaction, isura yayo ya nyuma ikomeza guhinduka cyane.
Amashanyarazi (EG): Ababikora bakoresha zinc bakoresheje amashanyarazi mu bwogero bwa shimi. Ibi birema ikintu cyoroshye cyane, kimwe, kandi kirabagirana cyane. EG yerekana ihitamo ryiza kubikorwa byo murugo cyangwa ibice bisaba ubwiza butagira inenge mbere yo gushushanya. Ariko, itanga uburemere buke-bwo kurinda ruswa mubidukikije bikaze.
Icyuma cya Galvannealed: Ibi bifashisha inzira yihariye ya kabiri. Nyuma yo gutwikira bwa mbere ,. icyuma cya galvanised coil ihita ihita itunganywa ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe butera icyuma kuva mubyuma fatizo gukwirakwira rwose murwego rwa zinc. Irasiga matte imvi irangije igaragaramo gato. Ubuso buvuyemo buhinduka gusudira cyane kandi butanga irangi ryiza cyane, bigatuma rikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byimodoka.
Guhitamo Matrix Logic: Turagira inama abaguzi gushyira imbere ibyagezweho kurenza ubwiza bwibyuma. Koresha matrix hepfo kugirango uyobore ingamba zo gutanga amasoko.
Intego yo Gusaba |
Ubwoko busabwa |
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga |
Kumenyekanisha Hanze Hanze (urugero, kurinda umuhanda) |
Bishyushye-Bishyushye (HDG) |
Umubyimba ntarengwa, mwiza uhindagurika. |
Ibikoresho byo mu nzu (byabanjirije irangi) |
Amashanyarazi (EG) |
Ubuso butagira inenge, kurinda byoroshye. |
Ibice byumubiri byimodoka (gusudira & gusiga irangi) |
Ibyuma bya Galvannealed |
Ubuso bwa matte buvanze, irangi ryiza cyane. |
Amasoko Amabendera atukura: Ingese yera na Sourcing Ibipimo
Iyo ibicuruzwa bigeze, ubugenzuzi bugaragara burakomeye muguhitamo kubika no gukemura ibibazo. Ugomba gutandukanya amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe nukuri kwicyuma cyibanze.
Kumenya 'Icyatsi cyera ' (Ububiko butose)
Urashobora rimwe na rimwe kuvumbura ifu yumusigiti wera utwikiriye ibyuma bishya byatanzwe. Iyi ngingo izwi cyane nka 'ingese yera ' cyangwa ububiko butose. Ingese yera igizwe na hydroxide ya zinc. Ihinduka vuba iyo ubuhehere bufashwe hagati yicyuma gifatanye neza nta mwuka uhagije uhari.
Ibi bintu bikunze kubaho mugihe cyo gutambuka munsi ya tarps cyangwa binyuze mububiko bubitse bwububiko. Ingese yera isa naho iteye ubwoba, ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze kunanirwa kwicyuma fatizo. Ingese yoroheje, ifu yera irahanagura byoroshye kandi ntibikunze kugira ingaruka kumurwanya muremure. Nyamara, umubyimba mwinshi, wijimye, ushegeshwe bisaba gusukura ubukana kandi birashobora kwerekana igihe cyo gutwikira ubuzima.
Gushiraho Ibiteganijwe hamwe nabatanga isoko
Amasoko afatika arasaba itumanaho risobanutse nibiteganijwe ku makuru. Urashobora gukuraho amakimbirane menshi yo gutanga mugukoresha inyandiko zikomeye.
Saba Raporo y'Ikizamini (MTRs): Buri gihe saba abaguzi kuri MTR mbere yo gutanga ibicuruzwa. Ongera usuzume urwego rwa Silicon na Fosifore. Kwemeza ibyuma bya chimie shingiro biri mubintu byiza bigufasha kumenya ibizagerwaho neza.
Kugabanya ingaruka: Turasaba cyane kwirinda kwerekana 'guhuza ibara ' cyangwa 'spangle imwe ' mumasezerano yo gutanga ibikoresho bishyushye. Ibyuma bifatika byerekana neza ko bidashoboka muburyo butandukanye.
Kugaragaza Ibipimo: Aho kwibanda ku bwiza, vuga gukurikiza byimazeyo amahame yinganda. Tegeka kubahiriza ASTM A123 kubice bigize imiterere cyangwa ASTM A653 kumpapuro n'ibicuruzwa.
Umwanzuro
Ibyuma bya Galvanised isura biva muburyo bukomeye bwo guhuza metallurgie, igipimo cyo gukonjesha, hamwe na chimie shingiro. Mugihe ifeza irabagirana isa neza ishimishije hasi muruganda, igicucu cyijimye cyijimye gikunze kurengera ibidukikije, birenze kandi birebire. Urebye ubuziranenge bwibintu ukoresheje ijisho byonyine biganisha ku kwangwa bitari ngombwa no guta umutungo.
Turagutera inkunga yo gusuzuma ibyoherejwe bishingiye cyane cyane ku gutwikira umubyimba, ibivanze, hamwe n’ibipimo byemewe bya ASTM aho kumurika. Ubwiza nyabwo buri muri microscopique metallurgical bond, ntabwo ari sheen yerekana.
Saba amatsinda yawe yamasoko naba injeniyeri kugisha inama abahanga mubikoresho hakiri kare. Mugusobanukirwa ibi bintu bya tekiniki, urashobora guhitamo wizeye neza ibisobanuro nyabyo byerekana ibyuma bya zinc bisabwa kubidukikije bikora.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Nshobora kumenya niba ibyuma bisunikwa ukoresheje magnet?
Igisubizo: Oya. Ibyuma fatizo ni magnetique, ariko zinc ntabwo. Magnet izakomeza kwizirika ku byuma, ariko ibi birerekana gusa ko ishingiro ari ferrous, ntabwo imiterere yimyenda.
Ikibazo: Ni ukubera iki ibice bimwe bya galvanis bisa nkaho ari byiza mugihe ibindi biva mucyiciro kimwe bisa nabi?
Igisubizo: Itandukaniro mubipimo byo gukonjesha cyangwa itandukaniro rito muri chimie yicyuma cyaho (cyane cyane silicon na fosifore) itera igipimo gitandukanye cyibyuma bya fer-zinc.
Ikibazo: Ese ibyuma bya galvanise biremereye kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe?
Igisubizo: Yego, ariko muburyo butandukanye. Ipitingi ya zinc yongeraho uburemere buke muri rusange, ishobora kuba igipimo cya kabiri mugihe ugereranije ibice bibiri bisa.
Ikibazo: Urashobora gusiga irangi hejuru yicyuma niba udakunda isura?
Igisubizo: Yego, ukoresheje sisitemu ya 'duplex.
