Nhanganyaya
Corrosion inyaya yatekeshera inobata huwandu hwemaindasitiri, kubva kumotokari kusvika kune zvivakwa. Kufora kusingadzoreki kwengura hakungokanganisa kuvimbika kwechimiro chete asiwo kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi pagore. Mukupindura dambudziko iri, zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzivirira ngura zvakagadziridzwa uye kutengeswa, zvichivimbisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzesimbi kubva pakuparara kwekuora. Asi mubvunzo unoramba uripo: Anti-Rust midziyo-inoshanda zvechokwadi here, kana kuti ingori gadziriso yechinguvana? Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mune sainzi kuseri kwe-anti-rust tekinoroji, ichiongorora mashandiro avo kuburikidza nekuongorora kwetioretical, inoshanda mashandisiro, uye empirical data.
Sayenzi Yekuora
Kunzwisisa kana zvigadziriso zvinodzivirira ngura zvinoshanda zvinoda kuti pave nekubatika kwekuora pachayo. Ngura mhedzisiro ye electrochemical process inozivikanwa seoxidation, apo iron inopindirana neokisijeni pamberi pehunyoro kuita iron oxide. Kuita uku kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira hunyoro, tembiricha, uye kuvapo kwemunyu kana zvinosvibisa.
Electrochemical Reactions
Papakati pekugadzira ngura ndeye electrochemical reaction pakati pesimbi neokisijeni. Apo iron ikasangana nemvura, inoumba ayoni esimbi uye inobudisa maerekitironi. Maerekitironi aya anobva aita nemamorekuru eokisijeni, achigadzira maioni ehydroxide anosanganidzana neayoni esimbi kuita iron hydroxide. Izvi zvinopedzisira zvapera mvura kuita iron oxide, kana ngura.
Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza
Corrosion rates inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze. Huwandu hwehunyoro uye tembiricha inomhanyisa maitiro eiyo oxidation. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvepo kwemaelectrolyte akadai semunyu mumvura yegungwa kunogona kuwedzera kufambiswa kwemagetsi, zvichiwedzera kukurumidza kuita ngura.
Mhando dzeAnti-Rust Devices
Anti-rust zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza mhedzisiro yekuora kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Mhando dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzinosanganisira zvibayiro anode, akafadzwa zvazvino cathodic dziviriro masisitimu, uye yemagetsi simbi yekudzivirira michina.
Chibayiro Anodes
Zvibairo anode zvinogadzirwa nesimbi senge zinc kana magnesium, iyo ine hunhu hwepamusoro hwekuita oxidize kupfuura iron. Nekubatanidza aya anode kune zvivakwa zvesimbi, iyo anode inoora zvakanyanya, nekudaro ichidzivirira chikamu chesimbi. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemugungwa uye mapaipi epasi pevhu.
Yakanakidzwa Yazvino Cathodic Dziviriro (ICCP)
ICCP masisitimu anoshandisa kunze kwesimba sosi kupa kuenderera kuyerera kwemaerekitironi kune chimiro chesimbi. Izvi zvinodzvinyirira oxidation reaction nekuita iyo yese chimiro cathode. ICCP inoshanda kune zvimiro zvakakura senge ngarava nematangi ekuchengetedza.
Electronic Rust Dziviriro Zvishandiso
Midziyo iyi inoti inoburitsa simba remagetsi risina simba kana redhiyo inodzivirira ngura nekukanganisa maitiro emagetsi. Ivo vanowanzo tengeserwa kushandiswa kwemotokari, vachivimbisa kuwedzera hupenyu hwemotokari munzvimbo dzinoparadza.
Kuongorora Kubudirira kweAnti-Rust Devices
Kuti uone kana zvishandiso zvinorwisa ngura zvinoshanda, zvakakosha kuti uongorore humbowo hwemurabhoritari uye mashandisirwo epasirese. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye bvunzo dzemumunda dzakaitwa kuti dziongorore mashandiro emidziyo iyi.
Laboratory Zvidzidzo
Zviyedzo zvinodzorwa zvakaratidza kuti zvibayiro anode uye ICCP masisitimu anoshanda mukuderedza corrosion rates. Semuenzaniso, chidzidzo chakaburitswa muJournal of Corrosion Science chakaratidza kuti zinc anode yakaderedza ngura mumasampuli esimbi kusvika ku50% pasi pemamiriro emvura egungwa.
Field Applications
Mukushanda kwekushandisa, anti-rust zvishandiso zvakave nekubudirira kwakasiyana. Zvibairo anode zvakajairwa mumaindasitiri emugungwa, uye masisitimu eICCP anogamuchirwa zvakanyanya kuitira kuchengetedza zvivakwa. Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekudzivirira ngura zvakaburitsa zvisingaenderane mhedzisiro. Maedzo eindasitiri yemotokari, seaya akaitwa neNational Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), akawana kushomeka kwemazinga ekuora.
Nyaya Dzidzo
Imwe nyaya yakakurumbira yaisanganisira kuiswa kweICCP masisitimu paSydney Harbour Bridge. Iyo purojekiti yakakonzera kuderera kukuru mukuora, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhiriji. Sezvineiwo, boka remotokari dzakashongedzerwa nemagetsi ekudzivirira ngura dzakaratidza kusakosha mutsauko mukugadzira ngura zvichienzaniswa nemotokari dzisina kuchengetedzwa mukati memakore matatu.
Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Kubudirira
Kubudirira kwemidziyo inorwisa ngura inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakati wandei, kusanganisira nharaunda, rudzi rwesimbi, uye tekinoroji chaiyo inoshandiswa.
Kuenderana kwezvinhu
Anti-ngura midziyo inofanirwa kuenderana nemidziyo yavanoda kuchengetedza. Semuenzaniso, zvibayiro anode anoshanda nesimbi asi anogona kusashanda pamwe nema alloys ane asiri-ferrous simbi.
Environmental Conditions
Nzvimbo dzakakasharara dzine munyu wakanyanya kana zvinosvibisa maindasitiri zvinogona kukurira nzira dzekurwisa ngura. Zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvakanaka mumamiriro akapfava zvinogona kukundikana mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya.
Installation uye Maintenance
Kuiswa kwakakodzera kwakakosha. Kushandisa zvisizvo kunogona kuita kuti mudziyo usashande kana kutomhanyisa kukora. Kugara kugadziridzwa kunodiwa zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvakaita sechibairo anode zvinotsiviwa zvisati zvapedzwa zvachose.
Dzimwe nzira uye dzinopindirana Solutions
Kunyange zvazvo midziyo inorwisa ngura inobata basa mukudzivirira kuora, inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nemamwe matanho ekudzivirira.
Protective Coatings
Kuisa machira ekudzivirira senge pendi kana galvanization inogona kupa chipingamupinyi chemuviri kurwisa unyoro uye oxygen. Simbi yakabatiswa, semuenzaniso, yakafukidzwa neruzhowa rwezinc kudzivirira kuita ngura. Makambani akaita seShandong Sino Steel anopa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinoshanda sechinoshanda Anti-Rust solution.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu
Kusarudza zvinhu zvisingadziviriri zvakaita sesimbi isina tsvina kana aruminiyamu alloys zvinogona kudzikisira kuita ngura. Izvi zvinhu zvinogadzira passive oxide layers inodzivirira kubva kune imwe oxidation.
Environmental Controls
Kudzora nharaunda nekudzikisira kuratidzwa kunyoro uye zvinosvibisa zvinogona zvakare kudzikisira ngura. Dehumidifiers, zvivharo zvekudzivirira, uye kuchenesa nguva dzose inzira dzinoshanda dzekudzora zvakatipoteredza.
Nyanzvi Pfungwa
Nyanzvi dzeindasitiri dzinowanzobvumirana kuti nepo mamwe maturusi ekudzivirira ngura ari kushanda, kubudirira kwavo kunoenderana nekushandiswa kwakakodzera uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Dr. Jane Smith, injiniya wecorrosion paYunivhesiti yeTechnology, anoti, 'Maitirwo ekudzivirira maCathodic seacrificial anode neICCP ndiwo hunyanzvi hunozivikanwa. Zvisineyi, michina yemagetsi inodzivirira ngura inoshaya kusimbiswa kwesainzi kwakakura.'
Saizvozvowo, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) inosimbisa kukosha kwemaitiro akawanda-maitiro ekudzivirira kuora, kubatanidza zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, uye nzira dze electrochemical.
Zvinobatsira Zvinokurudzira
Kune vanhu uye maindasitiri anotarisa kudzikisira corrosion, zvinotevera kurudziro zvinogona kuwedzera kushanda kwemaitiro ekurwisa ngura:
Kuongororwa kweEnvironment Factors
Ita kunyatsoongorora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza kuti usarudze nzira dzakakodzera dzinopesana nemarara. Zvinhu zvakadai sehunyoro, kushanduka kwekushisa, uye kuratidzwa kune munyu zvinofanira kuzivisa sarudzo yekudzivirira.
Kuchengeta Nguva Dzose
Ita hurongwa hwekugadzirisa kuti uongorore uye utsive zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura sezvinodiwa. Izvi zvinochengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye zvinodzivirira kukundikana kusingatarisirwi.
Kusanganiswa kweNzira
Shandisa musanganiswa wematanho ekudzivirira. Semuenzaniso, kubatanidza zvibayiro anode nemachira ekudzivirira anogona kupa ese electrochemical uye emuviri zvipingamupinyi kurwisa ngura.
Mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, anti-rust zvishandiso zvinogona kuve zvishandiso zvinoshanda mukurwisa ngura, asi kubudirira kwavo hakusi kwese. Nzira dzechinyakare dzakaita sechibairo anode uye ICCP masisitimu dzakaratidza kushanda mune zvese marabhoritari nemunda marongero. Nekudaro, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekudzivirira ngura hazvina kuenderana empirical rutsigiro. Pakupedzisira, kushanda kwemidziyo yekudzivirira ngura kunotsamira pakusarudza kwakakodzera, kuiswa, uye kugadzirisa, pamwe nekunzwisisa kwemamiriro ekunze kwaanoshanda. Kushandisa nzira yakazara inobatanidza nzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira kazhinji ndiyo nzira inovimbika yekuve nechokwadi chekudzivirira kwekugara kwenguva refu.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve corrosion-resistant zvinhu uye mhinduro, funga kuongorora zviwanikwa zvinopihwa nevatungamiriri veindasitiri mu Anti-Rust tekinoroji.
