Isingeniso
Ukugqwala kuyinkinga egcwele yonke indawo ethinta inqwaba yezimboni, kusukela kwezezimoto kuya engqalasizinda. Imashi engapheli yokugqwala ayigcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho besakhiwo kodwa futhi iholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho minyaka yonke. Ekuphenduleni le nselele, kuye kwathuthukiswa futhi kwakhangiswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene avimbela ukugqwala, athembisa ukuvikela izindawo zensimbi ekulimaleni kokugqwala. Kodwa umbuzo usasele: Imishini elwa nokugqwala —ingabe iyasebenza ngempela, noma imane iyisilungiso sesikhashana? Le ndatshana icubungula isayensi engemuva kobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokugqwala, ihlola ukusebenza kwayo ngokuhlaziywa kwethiyori, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo, kanye nedatha ye-empirical.
Isayensi Yokugqwala
Ukuqonda ukuthi izinto ezilwa nokugqwala ziyasebenza yini kudinga ukubamba ukugqwala okuyisisekelo. Ukugqwala kuwumphumela wenqubo ye-electrochemical eyaziwa ngokuthi i-oxidation, lapho insimbi iphendulana nomoya-mpilo lapho kukhona umswakama ukuze yakhe i-iron oxide. Le nqubo ithonywa izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa umswakama, izinga lokushisa, nokuba khona kukasawoti noma izinto ezingcolisayo.
Ukusabela Electrochemical
Umnyombo wokwakheka kokugqwala ukusabela kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwensimbi nomoya-mpilo. Lapho i-iron ihlangana namanzi, yakha ama-ion ensimbi futhi ikhiphe ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron abe esesabela nama-molecule omoya-mpilo, akhe ama-ion e-hydroxide ahlangana nama-ion ensimbi akhe i-iron hydroxide. Lokhu ekugcineni kuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuze kube i-iron oxide, noma ukugqwala.
Izici Zemvelo
Izinga lokugqwala lithinteka kakhulu izimo zemvelo. Amazinga aphezulu omswakamo kanye nezinga lokushisa asheshisa inqubo ye-oxidation. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwama-electrolyte anjengosawoti emanzini olwandle kungakhuphula amandla kagesi, kuqhubekisele phambili ukugqwala.
Izinhlobo Zamadivayisi Aphikisana Nokugqwala
Imishini elwa nokugqwala yenzelwe ukunciphisa imithelela yokugqwala ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ama-anode omhlatshelo, amasistimu amanje okuvikela ama-cathodic ahlaba umxhwele, kanye nemishini yokuvikela ukugqwala kagesi.
Ama-Anodes Omhlatshelo
Ama-anode omhlatshelo enziwa ngezinsimbi ezifana ne-zinc noma i-magnesium, enomkhuba ophezulu wokwenza i-oxidize kune-iron. Ngokunamathisela lawa ma-anode ezakhiweni zensimbi, i-anode igqwala ngokukhethekile, ngaleyo ndlela ivikela ingxenye yensimbi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle kanye namapayipi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuvikelwa Kwamanje Kwe-Cathodic Okuhlaba umxhwele (ICCP)
Amasistimu e-ICCP asebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukuze anikeze ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwama-electron esakhiweni sensimbi. Lokhu kucindezela ukusabela kwe-oxidation ngokwenza sonke isakhiwo sibe yi-cathode. I-ICCP iyasebenza ezakhiweni ezinkulu njengemikhumbi namathangi okugcina.
Amadivayisi Kagesi Wokuvikela Ukugqwala
Lezi zixhobo zithi zikhipha amandla kagesi abuthaka noma amaza omsakazo avimbela ukugqwala ngokuphazamisa inqubo ye-electrochemical. Zivamise ukukhangiswa ukuze zisetshenziswe izimoto, zithembisa ukwelula impilo yezimoto ezindaweni ezigqwalile.
Ukuhlola Ukusebenza Kwamadivayisi Aphikisana Nokugqwala
Ukuze unqume ukuthi izisetshenziswa ezilwa nokugqwala ziyasebenza yini, kubalulekile ukuhlola ubufakazi bokusebenza okuvela ezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela. Izifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwenkambu kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwalezi zisetshenziswa.
Izifundo Zaselabhorethri
Ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo kubonise ukuthi i-anode yomhlatshelo nezinhlelo ze-ICCP ziyasebenza ekwehliseni amazinga okugqwala. Isibonelo, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Corrosion Science lubonise ukuthi i-zinc anode yehlisa ukugqwala kumasampula ensimbi ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 ngaphansi kwezimo zamanzi olwandle ezilingisayo.
Izicelo Zenkundla
Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, izinto ezilwa nokugqwala zibe nempumelelo ehlukahlukene. Ama-anode omhlatshelo ajwayelekile ezimbonini zasolwandle, futhi amasistimu e-ICCP amukelwa kabanzi ukuze kuvikelwe ingqalasizinda. Kodwa-ke, izisetshenziswa zikagesi zokuvikela ukugqwala ziveze imiphumela engahambisani. Ukuhlolwa kwemboni yezimoto, njengalokho okwenziwa yi-National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), kuthole umthelela omncane kumazinga okugqwala.
I-Case Studies
Icala elilodwa eliphawulekayo lalihilela ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ze-ICCP e-Sydney Harbour Bridge. Le phrojekthi iholele ekuncipheni okukhulu kokugqwala, kwelula isikhathi sokuphila kwebhuloho. Ngokuphambene, uxhaxha lwezimoto ezihlome ngemishini yokuvikela ukugqwala kwe-elekthronikhi aluzange lubonise umehluko oncomekayo ekwakhekeni kokugqwala uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezingavikelekile esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu.
Izici Ezithonya Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo
Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini elwa nokugqwala kuthonywa izici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa indawo ezungezile, uhlobo lwensimbi, nobuchwepheshe obuthile obusetshenzisiwe.
Ukuhambisana Kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Imishini elwa nokugqwala kufanele ihambisane nezinto ezihloselwe ukuyivikela. Isibonelo, ama-anode omhlatshelo asebenza kahle ngensimbi kodwa angase angasebenzi kanye nama-alloys aqukethe izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi.
Izimo Zemvelo
Izindawo ezinolaka ezinosawoti omningi noma izinto ezingcolisa imboni zingase zixake izindlela zokulwa nokugqwala. Amadivayisi asebenza kahle ezimeni ezithambile angase ahluleke ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukufakwa Nokugcinwa
Ukufakwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa kabi kungenza idivayisi ingasebenzi noma isheshise ukugqwala. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile nakho kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezifana nama-anode omhlatshelo ziyashintshwa ngaphambi kokuthi zidliwe ngokuphelele.
Ezinye Izixazululo Nezixazululo Ezihambisanayo
Nakuba izinto ezilwa nokugqwala zidlala indima ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala, zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokuzivikela.
Izingubo Zokuzivikela
Ukusebenzisa okokuvikela okufana nopende noma uthayela kunganikeza umgoqo ongokoqobo ngokumelene nomswakama nomoya-mpilo. Ngokwesibonelo, insimbi eyisithako, imbozwe ngongqimba lwezinc ukuze ingagqwali. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Shandong Sino Steel zihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo enama-galvanized esebenza njengesebenzayo Isixazululo se-Anti-Rust .
Ukukhetha Okubalulekile
Ukukhetha izinto ezimelana nokugqwala njengensimbi engagqwali noma ama-alloys e-aluminium kunganciphisa ngokwemvelo ukugqwala. Lezi zinto zakha izendlalelo ze-passive oxide ezivikela ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwe-oxidation.
Izilawuli Zemvelo
Ukulawula indawo ezungezile ngokunciphisa ukuchayeka kumswakama nezinto ezingcolisayo nakho kunganciphisa ukugqwala. Ama-Dehumidifiers, izindawo ezivalekile ezivikelayo, nokuhlanza njalo kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula izici zemvelo.
Imibono yongoti
Ochwepheshe bemboni ngokuvamile bayavuma ukuthi nakuba izinto ezithile zokulwa nokugqwala zisebenza kahle, impumelelo yazo incike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okufanele nezimo zemvelo. UDkt. Jane Smith, unjiniyela wokugqwala eNyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe, uthi, 'Izinhlelo zokuvikela i-Cathodic ezifana ne-anode yomhlatshelo kanye ne-ICCP ziwubuchwepheshe obufakazelwe. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokuvikela ukugqwala kagesi ayinakho ukuqinisekiswa kwesayensi okukhulu.'
Ngokufanayo, i-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) igcizelela ukubaluleka kwendlela enezici eziningi zokuvimbela ukugqwala, ukuhlanganisa izithiyo zomzimba, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nezindlela ze-electrochemical.
Izincomo Ezisebenzayo
Kubantu ngabanye nezimboni ezifuna ukunciphisa ukugqwala, izincomo ezilandelayo zingase zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamasu okulwa nokugqwala:
Ukuhlolwa Kwezici Zemvelo
Yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezimo zemvelo ukuze ukhethe izindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokulwa nokugqwala. Izinto ezinjengomswakama, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, nokuchayeka kusawoti kufanele kwazise ukukhetha kokuvikela.
Isondlo Esivamile
Sebenzisa ishejuli yokulungisa ukuze uhlole futhi ubuyisele izingxenye ezilwa nokugqwala njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo futhi kuvimbela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile.
Inhlanganisela Yezindlela
Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinyathelo zokuzivikela. Isibonelo, ukumatanisa ama-anode omhlatshelo nezingubo zokuzivikela kunganikeza kokubili izithiyo ze-electrochemical nezomzimba ngokumelene nokugqwala.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, amadivaysi e-anti-rust angaba amathuluzi asebenzayo ekulweni nokugqwala, kodwa impumelelo yawo ayiyona yonke indawo. Izindlela zendabuko ezifana nama-anode omhlatshelo nezinhlelo ze-ICCP zibonise ukusebenza kahle kukho kokubili izilungiselelo zaselabhorethri nezensimu. Kodwa-ke, izisetshenziswa zikagesi zokuvikela ukugqwala azinawo usekelo oluqinile. Ekugcineni, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini elwa nokugqwala kuncike ekukhetheni okufanele, ukufakwa, nokunakekelwa, kanye nokuqonda izimo zemvelo lapho esebenza khona. Ukusebenzisa indlela ephelele ehlanganisa amasu amaningi okuvikela ngokuvamile kuyindlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimelana nokugqwala nezisombululo, cabanga ukuhlola izinsiza ezihlinzekwa abaholi bemboni be-Anti-Rust . Ubuchwepheshe
