Ukuqalisa
I-Corrosion iyinkinga ephelele ethinta inqwaba yezimboni, kusuka ezimotweni kuya kwingqalasizinda. Imashi engapheli yokugqwala ayigcini ngokubeka phansi ubuqotho besakhiwo kodwa futhi iholela ekulahlekelweni kwezomnotho okubalulekile minyaka yonke. Ukuphendula le nselelo, kusungulwe amadivayisi ahlukahlukene okulwa futhi athengiswa, athembisa ukuvikela indawo yensimbi evela ekubhuleni kokugqwala. Kepha umbuzo uhlala: Amadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala - ingabe ayasebenza ngokweqiniso, noma amane nje alungiswa okwesikhashana? Le ndatshana ingena kwisayensi ngemuva kobuchwepheshe be-anti-bust, ihlola ukusebenza kwayo ngokuhlaziywa kwethiyori, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, kanye nedatha ebonakalayo.
Isayensi Yokugqwala
Ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wamadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala udinga ukuqonda kwesisekelo sokuqina. Ukugqwala kungumphumela wenqubo ye-elektrokhemical eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-oxidation, lapho insimbi ihlangana khona nomoya-mpilo lapho kukhona umswakama ozokwakha i-iron oxide. Le nqubo ithonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene kufaka phakathi umswakama, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuba khona kosawoti noma ukungcola.
Ukusabela kwe-electrochemical
Emgogodleni wokwakheka kokugqwala ukusabela kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwensimbi nomoya-mpilo. Lapho i-iron ihlangana namanzi, yakha i-iron ion futhi idedela ama-elektroni. Lawa ma-elektroni ase enze ngama-molecule we-oksijini, adala ama-hydroxide ion ahlangana nama-iron stus ukwakha i-iron hydroxide. Lokhu ekugcineni ukophamba kube yi-iron oxide, noma ukugqwala.
Izici zezemvelo
Amanani wokugqwala athintwa kakhulu yizimo zezemvelo. Amazinga aphezulu omswakama kanye nokushisa asheshisa inqubo ye-oxidation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwama-electrolyte afana nosawoti emanzini olwandle kungakhuphula amandla kagesi, kusheshe ukusheshisa ukugqwala.
Izinhlobo zamadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala
Amadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala aklanyelwe ukunciphisa imiphumela yokugqwala ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka izihlobo zomhlatshelo, zihlabe umxhwele amasosha akwa-Cathodic avikela amanje, kanye namadivayisi okuvikela ukugqekeza.
I-Anodes
Ama-anodes angumhlatshelo enziwe ngezinsimbi ezinjenge-zinc noma i-magnesium, enokuthambekela okuphezulu ku-oxidize ukwedlula i-iron. Ngokufaka phakathi la ma-anode kuzakhiwo zensimbi, i-anode corlodes ekhethekayo, ngaleyo ndlela ukuvikela i-Iron Contencent. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo zasolwandle namapayipi angaphansi komhlaba.
Umhlabe umxhwele ukuvikelwa kwamanje Cathodic (ICCP)
Izinhlelo ze-ICCP zisebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukuhlinzeka ngokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwama-elektroni kusakhiwo sensimbi. Lokhu kucindezela ukusabela oxidation ngokwenza lonke isakhiwo i-cathode. I-ICCP iyasebenza zezakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana nemikhumbi namathangi okugcina.
Amadivayisi wokuvikelwa kwe-elekthronikhi
Lawa madivayisi athi akhiphe imvamisa kagesi ebuthakathaka noma yomsakazo evimbela ukugqwala ngokuphazamisa inqubo ye-electrochemical. Zivame ukuthengiswa ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto, zithembisa ukwelula impilo yezimoto ezindaweni ezivuthayo.
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala
Ukunquma ukuthi amadivayisi alwa nama-anti-rust asebenza, kubalulekile ukuhlola ubufakazi obunamandla bokuhlolwa kwelebhu kanye nezicelo zangempela zomhlaba. Izifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimu kuye kwenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwalawa madivayisi.
Izifundo zelebhu
Kuboniswe izivivinyo ezilawulwayo ukuthi ama-anodes ahlakele kanye nezinhlelo ze-ICCP ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni amanani entengo yokugqwala. Isibonelo, ucwaningo olushicilelwe ejeni leSayensi Ye-Cororiosion Ebonisa ukuthi iZinc Anodes inciphise ukugqwala kumasampula ensimbi afinyelela kuma-50% wezimo zasolwandle ezivuliwe.
Izicelo zensimu
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, amadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala abe nempumelelo ehlukahlukene. Ama-anode angumhlatshelo ajwayelekile ezimbonini zasemanzini, kanye nezinhlelo ze-ICCP zamukelwa kabanzi ngokuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda. Kodwa-ke, amadivaysi okuvikela ukugqekeza nge-elektroniki aveze imiphumela engahambisani. Ukuhlolwa Kwezimboni Zezimoto, njengalezo ezenziwa yiNhlangano Yezwe Yezwe Lokugqwala (Nace), zithole umthelela omncane kumanani entengo yokugqwala.
Izifundo zamacala
Icala elilodwa eliphawuleka libandakanya ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ze-ICCP eSydney Harbour Bridge. Iphrojekthi yaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekugqwaneni, ukunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwebhuloho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhumbi yezimoto efakwe amadivaysi okuvikela ukugqekeza nge-elekthronikhi akhombisanga mehluko othokozisayo ukwakheka kokugqwala uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezingavikelekile esikhathini seminyaka emithathu.
Izici Ukuthonya Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo
Ukusebenza kwamadivayisi okulwa nokugqwala kuthonywa yizici eziningana, kufaka phakathi imvelo, uhlobo lwensimbi, nobuchwepheshe obuthile obusetshenzisiwe.
Ukufaneleka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo
Amadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala kumele ahambisane nezinto zokwakha ezihlose ukuzivikela. Isibonelo, ama-anodes ahlatshelwa asebenza ngensimbi kepha angeke asebenze kahle nama-alloys aqukethe izinsimbi ezingezona ezi-forrous.
Izimo zezemvelo
Izimo ezinokhahlo onosawoti ophakeme noma izimboni zezimboni zingangehlula izindlela zokulwa. Amadivayisi enza kahle ezimweni zobumnene ahluleka ukwehluleka ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukufakwa nokulungiswa
Ukufakwa okufanele kubalulekile. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaphutha kungakhipha idivaysi engasebenzi noma noma ukusheshisa ukubhujiswa. Ukulungiswa njalo kuyadingeka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi ezinjenge-anode yomhlatshelo zithathelwa indawo ngaphambi kokuba zidliwe ngokuphelele.
Ezinye izixazululo nezisombululo ezihambisanayo
Ngenkathi amadivaysi alwa nokugqwala adlala indima ekuvinjelweni kokugqwala, ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana nezinye izindlela zokuvikela.
Ukumboza izimbotshana
Ukusebenzisa izimbobo ezivikelayo njengopende noma i-galvanization kunganikeza umgoqo ongokomzimba ngokumelene nomswakama nomoya-mpilo. Insimbi ye-Galvanized, ngokwesibonelo, ihlanganiswe ngesendlalelo se-zinc ukuvikela ukugqwala. Izinkampani ezinjenge-Shandong Sino Steel Anikeza imikhiqizo egciniwe esebenza njengempumelelo sokulwa nokugqwala . Isixazululo
Ukukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukukhetha izinto ezingamelana nokugqwala okuvinjelwe njengensimbi engenasici noma ama-aluminium alloys anganciphisa ukwakheka kokugqwala. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zakha izingqimba ze-oxide ezibonakalayo ezivikela ngokumelene ne-oxidation.
Izilawuli Zemvelo
Ukulawula imvelo ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa komswakama nokungcola kunganciphisa ukugqwala. Ama-Dehumidifers, ukufakwa okuvikelayo, nokuhlanza njalo kuyizindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula izici zezemvelo.
Imibono yesazi
Ochwepheshe bezimboni ngokuvamile bayavuma ukuthi ngenkathi amadivaysi athile alwa nama-anti-Rust esebenza kahle, impumelelo yabo incike kakhulu ngohlelo lokusebenza olufanele kanye nezimo zezemvelo. UDkt Jane Smith, unjiniyela wokugqwala e-University of Technology, uthi, '' 'Izinhlelo zokuvikelwa kweKathodic njenge-anodes ye-anodes ne-ICCP zifakazelwa ubuchwepheshe obufakazelwe.
Ngokufanayo, i-American Society of Mechanical Enjiniyela (ASME) igcizelela ukubaluleka kwendlela enezici eziningi ekuvinjelweni kokugqwala, ukuhlanganisa izithiyo ezingokomzimba, izithiyo ezibonakalayo, izindlela ze-electrochemical.
Izincomo Ezisebenzayo
Kubantu kanye nezimboni ezifuna ukunciphisa ukuqina, izincomo ezilandelayo zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamasu okulwa:
Ukuhlolwa kwezici zezemvelo
Yenza ukuhlaziya kahle kwezimo zezemvelo ukukhetha izindlela ezifanele zokulwa zokulwa. Izici ezinjengomswakama, ukuguquguquka kokushisa, nokuchayeka kusawoti kufanele kwazise ukukhetha kokuvikelwa.
Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile
Sebenzisa isheduli yesondlo ukuze uhlole futhi ungene esikhundleni sezakhi zokulwa nokubuya njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo futhi kuvimbela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile.
Inhlanganisela yezindlela
Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela zokuvikela. Isibonelo, ukubhanqa ama-anodes ahlatshelwa ngezigqoko ezivikelayo kunganikeza zombili izithiyo ze-electrochemical kanye nezomzimba ngokumelene nokugqwala.
Ukugcina
Ekuphetheni, amadivayisi wokulwa nokugqwala angaba ngamathuluzi aphumelelayo ekulweni nokugqwala, kepha impumelelo yawo akuyona yonke indawo. Izindlela zendabuko ezinjenge-anode ye-wacodes kanye nezinhlelo ze-ICCP zikhombise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kuzo zombili izilungiselelo zelebhu kanye nezokulima. Kodwa-ke, amadivaysi okuvikela ama-elekhthronikhi aswele ukwesekwa okubonakalayo okuguqukayo. Ekugcineni, ukusebenza kwamadivayisi alwa nokugqwala kuvimbela ukukhethwa okufanele, ukufakwa, kanye nokunakekelwa, kanye nokuqonda kwezimo zemvelo lapho zisebenza khona. Ukusebenzisa indlela ephelele ehlanganisa amasu amaningi okuvikela imvamisa izindlela ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezinto zokwakha ezilwa nokugqwala kanye nezixazululo, cabanga ngokuhlola izinsiza ezinikezwe abaholi bezimboni ku- Ubuchwepheshe be-anti-bust .
