Intshayelelo
Ukonakala ngumba ogqubayo ochaphazela inkitha yamashishini, ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Uqhankqalazo olungayekiyo lomhlwa aluphazamisi nje kuphela isidima solwakhiwo kodwa lukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu yezoqoqosho minyaka le. Ukuphendula lo mngeni, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulwa nomhlwa ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zathengiswa, zithembisa ukukhusela ubuso besinyithi kwi-corrosion. Kodwa umbuzo uhlala uthi: Izixhobo ezichasene neRust -ngaba zisebenza ngokwenene, okanye ngaba zizilungiso nje zexeshana? Eli nqaku lingena kwisayensi emva kwetekhnoloji ye-anti-rust, ivavanya ukusebenza kwayo ngohlalutyo lwethiyori, usetyenziso olusebenzayo, kunye nedatha yobungqina.
INzululwazi yoMhlwa
Ukuqonda ukuba izixhobo zokulwa nomhlwa ziyasebenza kufuna isiseko sibambe umhlwa ngokwawo. Umhlwa sisiphumo senkqubo ye-electrochemical eyaziwa ngokuba yi-oxidation, apho i-iron idibana neoksijini xa kukho ukufuma yenze i-iron oxide. Le nkqubo iphenjelelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo eziquka ukufuma, ubushushu, kunye nobukho beetyuwa okanye izinto ezingcolisayo.
Electrochemical Reactions
Embindini wokwakheka komhlwa kukusabela kwe-electrochemical phakathi kwentsimbi kunye neoksijini. Xa i-iron idibana namanzi, yenza i-iron ion kwaye ikhuphe ii-electron. Ezi electron emva koko zidibana neemolekyuli zeoksijini, zenze ii-ion zehydroxide ezidityaniswa nee-iron zokwenza i-iron hydroxide. Oku ekugqibeleni kuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kuze kube yiiron oxide, okanye umhlwa.
Imiba yokusingqongileyo
Amazinga okonakala achaphazeleka kakhulu ziimeko zokusingqongileyo. Amanqanaba aphezulu okufuma kunye nobushushu bukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-oxidation. Ukongezelela, ubukho bee-electrolyte ezifana netyuwa kumanzi olwandle bunokonyusa amandla ombane, kukhawulezise ukudleka.
Iindidi zezixhobo ezichasene nomhlwa
Izixhobo zokunqanda umhlwa ziyilelwe ukuthomalalisa iziphumo zomhlwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya i-anode yedini, iinkqubo zokhuseleko ze-cathodic zangoku, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela umhlwa.
I-Anodes yedini
I-anode yedini yenziwe ngeentsimbi ezifana ne-zinc okanye i-magnesium, enotyekelo oluphezulu lwe-oxidize kunentsimbi. Ngokuqhotyoshela ezi anodi kwizakhiwo zetsimbi, i-anode corrodes ngokukhethekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela icandelo lentsimbi. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zaselwandle kunye nemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukhuseleko lwangoku lweCathodic (ICCP)
Iinkqubo ze-ICCP zisebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukubonelela ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwee-electron kwisakhiwo sesinyithi. Oku kucinezela ukusabela kwe-oxidation ngokwenza isakhiwo sonke sibe cathode. I-ICCP iyasebenza kwizakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana neenqanawa kunye neetanki zokugcina.
Izixhobo zokuKhusela umhlwa kwi-Electronic
Ezi zixhobo zibanga ukuba zikhupha umbane obuthathaka okanye i-radio frequency ethintela umhlwa ngokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-electrochemical. Zihlala zithengiselwa ukusetyenziswa kweemoto, zithembisa ukwandisa ubomi bezithuthi kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kweZixhobo ezichasene nomhlwa
Ukumisela ukuba ngaba izixhobo zokulwa nomhlwa ziyasebenza na, kubalulekile ukuhlola ubungqina obunobungqina obuvela kuvavanyo lwaselabhoratri kunye nosetyenziso lwehlabathi lokwenyani. Izifundo ezininzi kunye novavanyo lwasendle lwenziwe ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo.
Izifundo zeLebhu
Iimvavanyo ezilawulwayo zibonise ukuba i-anodes yedini kunye neenkqubo ze-ICCP zisebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni izinga lokubola. Umzekelo, uphononongo olupapashwe kwiJournal of Corrosion Science lubonise ukuba i-zinc anode yehlisa ukubola kwiisampulu zentsimbi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zamanzi olwandle.
Izicelo zeNdawo
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, izixhobo zokulwa nomhlwa ziye zaba nempumelelo eyahlukahlukeneyo. I-anodes yedini isemgangathweni kumashishini aselwandle, kwaye iinkqubo ze-ICCP zamkelwa ngokubanzi ukukhusela iziseko zophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokukhusela umhlwa zombane ziye zavelisa iziphumo ezingahambelaniyo. Iimvavanyo zoshishino lweemoto, ezifana nezo ziqhutywe nguMbutho weSizwe weeNjineli zeNjineli (NACE), zifumene impembelelo encinci kumazinga okubola.
Izifundo
Enye imeko ephawulekayo yayibandakanya ukufakwa kweenkqubo ze-ICCP kwiBhulorho yaseSydney Harbour. Iprojekthi ibangele ukwehla okubonakalayo kumhlwa, ukwandisa ubomi bebhulorho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izithuthi ezininzi ezixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokukhusela umhlwa zibonise ukuba akukho mahluko uncomekayo ekubunjweni komhlwa xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezingakhuselekanga kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu.
Imiba enempembelelo kwimpumelelo
Ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokulwa nomhlwa kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezibandakanya indawo engqongileyo, uhlobo lwentsimbi, kunye nobugcisa obuthile obusetyenziswayo.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto
Izixhobo zokunqanda umhlwa kufuneka zihambelane nezinto ezijoliswe ekuzikhuseleni. Ngokomzekelo, i-anodes yedini iyasebenza ngentsimbi kodwa ayinakusebenza kunye ne-alloys enezinyithi ezingenayo i-ferrous.
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo
Imekobume erhabaxa enetyuwa eninzi okanye izingcolisi zemizi-mveliso zinokuzoyisa iindlela zokulwa nomhlwa. Izixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezithambileyo zinokusilela phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ukufakela kunye noLondolozo
Ufakelo olululo lubalulekile. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunokwenza isixhobo singasebenzi okanye kude kunyuse umhlwa. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kukwayimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo afana ne-anode yedini ayatshintshwa ngaphambi kokuba adliwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ezizezinye kunye neziSombululo eziFanayo
Nangona izixhobo ezichasene ne-rust zidlala indima ekuthinteleni ukubola, zihlala zisetyenziselwa kunye namanye amanyathelo okukhusela.
Iingubo zoKhuselo
Ukusebenzisa iingubo ezikhuselayo njengepeyinti okanye i-galvanization kunokubonelela ngomqobo womzimba ngokuchasene nokufuma kunye ne-oxygen. Ngokomzekelo, intsimbi ekhuniweyo igqunywe ngomqolo we-zinc ukukhusela ukurusa. Iinkampani ezifana neShandong Sino Steel zibonelela ngeemveliso ezenziwe ngamagalvanized ezisebenza njengesebenzayo Isisombululo se-Anti-Rust .
Ukukhethwa kwezinto
Ukukhetha imathiriyeli enganyangekiyo njengentsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ialloyi zealuminiyam kunokunciphisa ukwakheka komhlwa. Ezi zixhobo zenza iileyile zeoksidi ezingenakwenziwa ezikhusela kwi-oxidation eyongezelelweyo.
Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo
Ukulawula okusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kukufuma nezingcolisi nako kunokunciphisa umhlwa. I-Dehumidifiers, iindawo ezivaliweyo zokukhusela, kunye nokucoca rhoqo ziindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula izinto ezisingqongileyo.
Iimbono zeNgcali
Iingcali zoshishino ngokubanzi ziyavuma ukuba nangona izixhobo ezithile zokulwa nomhlwa zisebenza, impumelelo yazo ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke kwisicelo esifanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. UGqr. Jane Smith, injineli ye-corrosion kwiYunivesithi yeThekhnoloji, uthi, 'Iinkqubo zokukhusela i-Cathodic ezifana ne-anodes yedini kunye ne-ICCP zibuchwephesha obuqinisekisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokukhusela i-electronic rust azikho ukuqinisekiswa okukhulu kwesayensi.'
Ngokufanayo, i-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) igxininisa ukubaluleka kweendlela ezininzi zokuthintela ukubola, ukudibanisa imiqobo yomzimba, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neendlela ze-electrochemical.
Amacebiso Aluncedo
Kubantu kunye namashishini ajonge ukunciphisa umhlwa, ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinokuphucula ukusebenza kwezicwangciso zokulwa nomhlwa:
Uvavanyo lweMiba yokusiNgqongileyo
Yenza uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lweemeko zokusingqongileyo ukuze ukhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuchasa umhlwa. Izinto ezifana nokufuma, ukuguquguquka kweqondo lobushushu, kunye nokuvezwa kweetyuwa kufuneka zazise ukhetho lokhuseleko.
ULondolozo lwarhoqo
Sebenzisa ishedyuli yolondolozo ukuze uhlole kwaye ubuyisele amacandelo achasene nomhlwa njengoko kufuneka. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluzinzileyo kwaye kuthintele ukusilela okungalindelekanga.
Indibaniselwano yeendlela
Sebenzisa indibaniselwano yamanyathelo okukhusela. Ngokomzekelo, ukudibanisa i-anode yombingelelo kunye neengubo ezikhuselayo kunokubonelela zombini izithintelo ze-electrochemical kunye neyomzimba ngokuchasene nokubola.
Ukuqukumbela
Ekugqibeleni, izixhobo ezichasene ne-rust zinokuba zizixhobo ezisebenzayo ekulweni nokubola, kodwa impumelelo yabo ayikho jikelele. Iindlela zemveli ezifana ne-anodes yombingelelo kunye neenkqubo ze-ICCP zibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-laboratory kunye nezicwangciso zentsimi. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokukhusela umhlwa zombane azinankxaso engaguqukiyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza kwezixhobo ezichasene nomhlwa kuxhomekeke ekukhethweni okufanelekileyo, ukufakela, kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokuqonda iimeko zokusingqongileyo apho zisebenza khona. Ukusebenzisa indlela epheleleyo edibanisa iindlela ezininzi zokukhusela zihlala ziyizona ndlela zithembekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuxhathisa ukubola kwexesha elide.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezixhobo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion kunye nezisombululo, qwalasela ukujonga izixhobo ezibonelelwa ziinkokeli zeshishini ye-Anti-Rust . Itekhnoloji
