Ga si mexɔ dzo o le etɔxɛ elabena ewɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ kple nusiwo gblẽ le mɔ vevi etɔ̃ nu. Eƒe takpɔnu passive layer, alloying elements sesẽwo, kple eƒe gota gome nɔnɔme tɔxɛwo. Akpa si mewɔa dɔ o la ƒe akpa gãtɔ nye chromium oxide. Kplɔ̃ sia tsyɔa gakpoa dzi eye wòxea tsi kple ya. Mɔxenu sia ɖea gbeɖuɖɔ ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔ dzi kpɔtɔna. Ekpena ɖe gakpoa ŋu wòsẽna ɣeyiɣi didi. Nickel kple molybdenum nye nusiwo wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui. Wowɔa
gakpo si mexɔ dzo o nɔa anyi didi wu le teƒe sesẽwo. Nusiwo le gbadzaa kple wo ŋu kɔklɔ bɔbɔe kpena ɖe ame ŋu
gakpo si mexɔ dzo o tsi tre ɖe nusiwo gblẽ ŋu. Nɔnɔme siawo kpena ɖe eŋu hã be wòanɔ keklẽm.
Míaƒe Dɔwɔƒea zãa nɔnɔme siawo tsɔ naa gakpo sesẽwo gbɔkpɔnu.
Pasif layer kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woatɔ te xɔxlɔ̃.
Kplɔ̃ sia wɔa dɔ abe akpoxɔnu ene ɖe tsi kple ya ŋu.
Alesi wòwɔa dɔ nyuie la nɔ te ɖe beléle kple teƒe si wozãnɛ dzi.
Nu Vevi Siwo Wotsɔna Yia Nu
Ga si mexɔ dzo o xea mɔ na gbeɖuɖɔ kple nu tɔxɛ aɖe si nana tsi kple ya megena ɖe eme o.
Ne wotsɔ adzalẽ fafɛ kple avɔ falɛfalɛ kɔ eŋu zi geɖe la, esia nana be ƒuƒoƒo sia me sẽna eye wòdzudzɔa gbeɖuɖɔ.
Nickel kple molybdenum nana gakpo si mexɔ dzo o sẽna ɖe edzi eye wòkpena ɖe eŋu wòwɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ, le teƒe sesẽwo gɔ̃ hã.
Ga si mexɔ dzo o ƒe hatsotso nyuitɔ tiatia le vevie ŋutɔ na dɔ ɖesiaɖe eyata enɔa anyi didi eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie.
Nusiwo le gbadzaa kpena ɖe ame ŋu be gbeɖuɖɔ nu tsona elabena tsi kple atikewo mate ŋu agblẽ nu le gakpoa ŋu bɔbɔe nenema o.
Chromium & Nusiwo mewɔa dɔ o ƒe ƒuƒoƒo
Ga si mexɔ dzo o & Chromium
Chromium kpena ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu be wòadzudzɔ gbeɖuɖɔ. Ne chromium tsaka kple gakpo la, etrɔa alesi ga la wɔa dɔe. Ga si mexɔ dzo o hiã chromium 10.5% ya teti be wòate ŋu awɔ avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ. Chromium sɔ gbɔ wu gɔ̃ hã le ƒomevi akpa gãtɔ me. Chromium geɖe wu kpena ɖe gakpoa ŋu wòwɔa avu kple nusiwo atikewo kple ya gblẽna le eŋu. Ne chromium ɖiɖi va anyi wu 12% la, gakpoa bu eƒe akpoxɔnu. Gbeɖuɖɔ ate ŋu adze egɔme, eye ɖewohĩ ga la mawɔ ametakpɔnu sesẽ aɖeke o.
Ga si mexɔ dzo o hiã chromium 10.5% ya teti hafi woayɔe be gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Chromium geɖe wu fia be woakpɔ ame ta nyuie wu tso atikewo kple ya me.
Anyigba dzi mekpɔa ametakpɔnu ne chromium mede 12% o.
Chromium si mede 12–15% o ateŋu ahe gbeɖuɖɔ vɛ le nukuwo dome.
Sinima si Mewɔa Nu O Ƒe Dɔwɔna
Chromium si le gakpo si mexɔ dzo o me wɔa dɔ kple ɔksidzin si tso ya me. Esia wɔnɛ be chromium oxide ƒe ƒuƒoƒo tsɛ aɖe si me kɔ la nɔa etame. Sinima si me womewɔa naneke le o la wɔa dɔ abe akpoxɔnu ene. Ena tsi, ya, kple nu gbegblẽ bubuwo megaka asi gakpoa ŋu o. Akpoxɔnu sia kpena ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu wòwɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ. Alesi sinima la loloe eye wòsẽe nɔ te ɖe afisi wòle dzi. Le teƒe siwo acid mele o la, film la nɔa sesẽm eye wòkpɔa gakpoa ta. Le teƒe siwo acid le la, film la ate ŋu agbɔdzɔ, eye gbeɖuɖɔ ate ŋu adze egɔme.
Film si mewɔa dɔ o ate ŋu aɖɔ eɖokui ɖo ne eƒo, eyata gakpoa nɔa dedie.
Takpɔkpɔ ƒe Seɖoƒewo
Pasive layer si le gakpo si mexɔ dzo o dzi wɔa dɔ le teƒe geɖe. Gake nu aɖewo ate ŋu agbã akpoxɔnu sia. Chloride ions siwo le dze kple atsiaƒu me tsi me ate ŋu agblẽ nu le film si mewɔa dɔ o ŋu. Esia hea do suesuesuewo kple gbeɖuɖɔ si goglo wu vɛ. Gɔmeɖoanyi sesẽwo kple tsi geɖe hã nana akpoxɔnua gbɔdzɔna. Ya ƒoɖi ate ŋu ana gbeɖuɖɔ nadzɔ kabakaba. Ne akpoxɔnua gbã la, ŋusẽ meganɔa gakpoa ŋu be wòawɔ avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ kple nusiwo gblẽ o.
Chloride ions nana akpoxɔnua gbãna kabakaba.
Tsi, dze, kple ya ƒoɖi geɖe nye kuxi gãwo na gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Alloying Elements
Nickel ƒe Akpa si wòwɔna
Nickel kpena ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu wòwɔa nu kple gbeɖuɖɔ nyuie wu. Ne wotsɔ nikel kpe ɖe eŋu la, ewɔa nusi mewɔa dɔ o sesẽ aɖe. Kplɔ̃ sia nana ga la nɔa dedie tso gbeɖuɖɔ kple nuveviwɔame me. Nickel kpena ɖe ame ŋu hã be do suesuesuewo nagadzɔ o. Do siawo ate ŋu atso atike sesẽwo gbɔ. Nickel vi aɖe gɔ̃ hã, abe 3% ene, kpena ɖe ame ŋu ŋutɔ. Nickel nana gakpo si mexɔ dzo o nɔa te sesĩe le teƒe geɖe. Eɖea alesi gakpoa xɔa gbe kabakabae hã dzi kpɔtɔna. Esia wɔa dɔ ne anyigba ƒe gogloƒe le dɔ wɔm alo le dɔ wɔm. Esia tae nikel le vevie le gakpo geɖe siwo mexɔ dzo o me.
Viɖe Siwo Le Molybdenum Ŋu
Molybdenum naa kpekpeɖeŋu geɖe wu gakpo si mexɔ dzo o. Eɖea vi ŋutɔ le afisi dze alo chloride sɔ gbɔ ɖo. Molybdenum kpena ɖe ame ŋu be film si mewɔa dɔ o la nagagbã o. Eɖea alesi ga la vuvu kabakaba hã dzi kpɔtɔna. Le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe la, molybdenum ƒoa ƒu ɖe anyigba. Esia wɔnɛ be gakpoa gate ŋu wɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ. Tabla si le ete la ɖe nusi molybdenum wɔna fia:
Mɔ̃ si wozãna |
Nuɖᴐɖᴐ |
Mɔxexe Ðe Film Siwo Mewɔa Nu O ƒe Gbegblẽ Nu |
Molybdenum kpena ɖe ame ŋu be wòaxe mɔ ɖe passive oxide films ƒe gbagbã nu, si wɔnɛ be tsitretsitsi ɖe dowo ŋu le chloride ƒe nɔnɔmewo me dzina ɖe edzi. |
Active Metal Dissolution ƒe Ðeɖekpɔkpɔ |
Molybdenum ɖea ga si le dɔ wɔm ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔna le teƒe ɖeka ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ me, si kpena ɖe eŋu le gbugbɔgawɔ me. |
Anyigbadzinuwo ƒe Nuwo ƒe Kpekpeɖeŋunana |
Molybdenum ɖea eƒe gowo ƒe nyonyo fiana le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe, si wɔnɛ be wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ nu nyuie wu. |
Nickel kple molybdenum ƒo ƒu na gakpo si mexɔ dzo o nɔa anyi didi wu. Wokpena ɖe eŋu wòsẽna le teƒe sesẽwo.
Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Tsitretsitsi ƒe Dzesidewo
Ga si mexɔ dzo o la le ƒomevi vovovowo me. Ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe wɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ le eƒe mɔ nu. Tabla si le ete la tsɔ dzesi etɔ̃ siwo bɔ la sɔ kple wo nɔewo:
Ga si mexɔ dzo o ƒe dzeside |
Corrosion Tsitretsitsi ƒe Dzidzenu |
Nu Vevi Siwo Le Eme |
304 |
Le ve dome |
Enyo na zazã le afisiafi, mete ŋu nɔa te ɖe acid kple chloride sesẽwo nu boo o |
316 |
Kɔ |
Tsitretsitsi ɖe do kple dowo ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu nyuie wu, si sɔ na ƒudzidɔwo |
316L |
Kɔkɔe ŋutɔ |
Tsitretsitsi ɖe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu si dzi ɖe edzi, si sɔ nyuie na atikewo ƒe nɔnɔme siwo me wowɔa adã le |
Dɔ tɔxɛwo le ƒomevi bubuwo abe ferritic kple martensitic ene. Wozãa gakpo si mexɔ dzo o si woyɔna be ferritic le ʋu ƒe atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo kple nuɖuɖudɔwɔnuwo me. Martensitic ƒomeviwo nyo na hɛwo kple tsidzɔƒewo. Ele be nàtia ƒomevi si sɔ na afisi woazãe le. Dzeside siwo me akɔbli geɖe le ate ŋu axɔ asi wu le gɔmedzedzea me. Gake wonɔa anyi didi wu eye mehiã be woaɖɔ wo ɖo le teƒe sesẽwo o.
Anyigba ƒe Nɔnɔmewo
Anyigba Siwo Le Gblɔ
Nusiwo le gbadzaa kpena ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu wòwɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ. Ne wokɔ gakpoa ŋu la, meganɔa ƒuƒuie o. Esia wɔnɛ be esesẽna na nuwo abe tsi alo atikewo ene be woadze wo dzi. Do kple gbagbãƒe ʋɛ aɖewo fia be teƒe ʋɛ aɖewo koe gbeɖuɖɔ adze egɔme tsoe. Nuwuwu si le gbadzaa kpena ɖe passive layer ŋu wòdzɔna sɔsɔe. Ga si mexɔ dzo o si ŋu wowu enu nyuie la kɔklɔ le bɔbɔe wu. Meléa ɖi alo atikewo ɖe mɔ̃ me fũ o.
Nuwuwu siwo le gbadzaa wu ɖea mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be dowo naxɔ dzo la dzi kpɔtɔna.
Anyigba siwo ŋu wokɔ la wɔa avu kple do ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ nyuie wu esiwo le gbadzaa.
Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ƒe film si mewɔa dɔ o nyo wu.
Anyigba si le gbadzaa kpena ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu wònɔa keklẽm. Ekpena ɖe eŋu hã be wònɔa anyi didi wu le teƒe sesẽwo.
Dzadzɛnyenye & Dzadzraɖo
Ga si mexɔ dzo o ŋu kɔklɔ kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ nana be passive layer la nɔa dedie. Dzadzɛnyenye edziedzi ɖea ɖiƒoƒo kple nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ɖa. Esia kpena ɖe sinima si me womewɔa naneke le o ŋu wòsẽa ŋu. Zã adzalẽ fafɛ kple brɔs falɛfalɛ nàtsɔ akɔ gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o ŋu. Ne èklɔe vɔ la, tsɔ tsi dzadzɛ klɔe. Tsɔ avɔ falɛfalɛ ƒu gbe be tsi ƒe teƒeteƒewo kple ɖiwo natɔ te.
Tsɔ nylon brɔs tutu ɖi blewuu.
Zã adzalẽ fafɛ alo atike si wotsɔna klɔa nu si le dedie na gakpo si mexɔ dzo o.
Klɔe kple tsi dzadzɛ.
Tsɔ avɔ falɛfalɛ aɖe ƒu gbe.
Mègazã gakpo alo atike sesẽwo o. Ne èka asi carbon steel alo iron ŋu la, ate ŋu ana wòaxɔ dzo. Asigɛ dzadzɛwo dodo nana asibidɛwo ƒe dzesiwo kple dzesiwo tɔa te.
Zi geɖe la, dzadzɛnyenye kpena ɖe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ŋu wòwɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ. Ekpena ɖe eŋu hã be wòanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi, le teƒe sesẽwo gɔ̃ hã.
Ŋutilã ƒe Nugbegblẽ ƒe Tsitretsitsi
Ga si mexɔ dzo o sesẽ eye wòsesẽna. Ate ŋu atsɔ agba kpekpewo evɔ mebɔbɔ o. Esesẽ gake ate ŋu abɔbɔ evɔ magbã o. Esia wɔnɛ be esesẽna be woaɖe ʋuʋudedi alo aŋe.
Nunᴐamesi |
Viɖe |
Tensile ŋusẽ si lolo |
Ekpɔa nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ kple nuteɖeamedzi gbɔ |
Ductility ƒe ŋutete |
Ebɔbɔna gake megbãna o |
Sesẽme |
Ewɔa avu kple nusiwo gblẽ le anyigba dzi kple eƒe vuvu |
Nɔnɔme siawo na be gakpo si mexɔ dzo o nyo ŋutɔ na teƒe siwo hiã ga sesẽ siwo mexɔ dzo o. Ne eƒo alo wòvuvu la, àte ŋu aɖɔe ɖo bɔbɔe. Avɔ falɛfalɛ tsɔtsɔ ƒoe alo zazã ate ŋu ana wòagadze yeye ake.
Ga si mexɔ dzo o xea mɔ na gbeɖuɖɔ kple nugbegblẽ le mɔ vevi etɔ̃ nu. Pasive layer la wɔa dɔ abe akpoxɔnu ene eye wòɖɔa eɖokui ɖo ne woƒoe. Nusiwo wotsɔ tsaka abe chromium, nickel, kple molybdenum ene nana wòsẽa ŋu ɖe gbeɖuɖɔ ŋu. Nusiwo le gbadzaa kple wo ŋu kɔklɔ kpena ɖe gakpoa ŋu wònɔa keklẽm eye wòsẽna. Tabla si le ete la ɖe alesi mɔ ɖesiaɖe wɔa dɔe fia:
Mɔ̃ si wozãna |
Dɔwɔwɔ Nyuie Ðe Gbeɖuɖɔ Kple Nugbegblẽ Ŋu |
Passive Layer ƒe ƒuƒoƒo |
Ewɔa akpoxɔnu si xea mɔ na gbeɖuɖɔ, evɔ carbon gakpo ya xɔa gbe kabakaba. |
Mɔ̃ si Wotsɔ Dzra Ðokui Si |
Akpoxɔnua gadzɔna ake ne exɔ abi, ne chromium le afima ko. |
Nutome ƒe Nɔnɔmewo |
Nuwo abe dze, aɖi, kple dzoxɔxɔ ene ate ŋu ana gbeɖuɖɔ nadzɔ kabakaba. |
Ga si mexɔ dzo o ƒe hatsotso nyuitɔ tiatia le vevie na teƒe ɖesiaɖe. Dzeside siwo wɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ nyuie nyo wu na teƒe siwo atikewo, tsi, alo dze le. Nuɖuɖudɔwɔƒewo hiã gakpo si mexɔ dzo o si mewɔa nu kple nuɖuɖu o. Atikewɔƒewo hiã dzeside siwo ate ŋu akpɔ nɔnɔme sesẽwo gbɔ. Ne ètia dzesi si mesɔ o la, àte ŋu axɔ do, do, alo nuteɖeamedzi ƒe xɔxlɔ̃.
Ga si mexɔ dzo o mexɔa gbe boo o wu ga bubuwo, ne exɔ dzo gɔ̃ hã.
Ga si mexɔ dzo o nɔa anyi didi eye mehiã beléle boo aɖeke o. Enyo na ɣletinyigba la hã. Tabla si le ete la yɔ nya nyui siawo:
Viɖe |
Nuɖᴐɖᴐ |
Nusiwo nɔa anyi didina |
Xɔ siwo wotsɔ gakpo si mexɔ dzo o tu la nɔa anyi didi wu esiwo wotsɔ gakpo si mexɔ dzo o wɔ la ƒe teƒe eve. |
Ðe beléle na xɔa ƒe nudidiwo dzi kpɔtɔ |
Mehiã be nàɖɔe ɖo fũ o, eyata enyo na teƒe siwo amewo sɔa gbɔ ɖo. |
Kpekpeme si sɔ nyuie wu |
Esẽ, eyata àte ŋu azã ga ʋɛ aɖewo eye nàna nuwo nabɔbɔ va ɖo 30 le alafa me. |
Anyinɔnɔ didi |
Woate ŋu agbugbɔ gakpo si mexɔ dzo o awɔ dɔ eye wòkpena ɖe anyigba ŋu wònɔa dzadzɛ. |
Sewo kpena ɖe amewo ŋu be woatia gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ƒe dzesi si sɔ na dɔ ɖesiaɖe. Esia wɔnɛ be gakpoa wɔa dɔ nyuie eye wònɔa anyi didi. Ga si mexɔ dzo o le etɔxɛ elabena ewɔa avu kple gbeɖuɖɔ, esẽna, eye wònɔa anyi ƒe geɖe.
Nyabiasewo ƒe Nyabiasewo
Nukae na gakpo si mexɔ dzo o to vovo na gakpo si wozãna ɖaa?
Chromium kple nu bubuwo le gakpo si mexɔ dzo o me. Esiawo wɔa ametakpɔnu aɖe si xea mɔ na gbeɖuɖɔ. Akpoxɔnu sia mele gakpo si wozãna edziedzi ŋu o, eyata exɔa gbe kabakaba.
Ðe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ate ŋu axɔ dzo le teƒe siwo dze alo tsi le?
Ẽ, gakpo si mexɔ dzo o ate ŋu axɔ dzo le teƒe siwo dze alo tsi le. Chloride siwo le dzetsi me ate ŋu agbã ametakpɔnu la. Dzeside nyuitɔ tiatia kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woaxe mɔ ɖe kuxi sia nu.
Aleke wòle be amewo nakɔ gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o ŋu be woagaxɔ dzo o?
Ele be amewo nazã adzalẽ fafɛ, tsi, kple avɔ falɛfalɛ. Ele be woaƒo asa na gakpo ƒe lãfu kple dzadzɛnyenyetike sesẽwo. Dzadzɛnyenye edziedzi nana be ametakpɔnu la nɔa te sesĩe.
Nukatae gakpo siwo mexɔ dzo o ƒe hatsotso aɖewo xɔ asi wu?
Dzeside siwo me nickel alo molybdenum sɔ gbɔ ɖo la xɔa ga geɖe wu. Nu siawo nana gakpoa sesẽna ɖe edzi be gbeɖuɖɔ nagagblẽ o. Dzeside kɔkɔwo nɔa anyi didi wu le teƒe sesẽwo.
Ðe gakpo si mexɔ dzo o hiã beléle tɔxɛ le eƒe ƒoƒo vɔ megbea?
Ɛ̃. Nuƒoƒo ate ŋu ana ametakpɔnu la nagbɔdzɔ. Dzadzɛnyenye kple ekɔklɔ kpena ɖe ƒuƒoƒoa ŋu wòdzraa eɖokui ɖo. Esia wɔnɛ be gakpoa sẽna eye wòklẽna.
