Insimbi engenasici ikhethekile kuba ilwa nomhlwa kunye nomonakalo ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili. Inomaleko okhuselayo, i-alloying elements eyomeleleyo, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo. Umaleko wokwenziwa ikakhulu yichromium oxide. Lo maleko ugqume intsimbi kwaye uvale amanzi nomoya. Lo mqobo wehlisa ithuba lomhlwa. Inceda intsimbi ukuba ihlale yomelele ixesha elide. I-Nickel kunye ne-molybdenum zizinto ezidibanisayo. Benza
intsimbi engenastainless ihlala ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinzima. Imiphezulu egudileyo kunye noncedo olulula lokucoca
steel stainless ukumelana umonakalo. Ezi mpawu zikwanceda ukuba igcine ikhazimla.
Inkampani yethu isebenzisa ezi propati ukunika izisombululo ezomeleleyo zentsimbi.
Umaleko owenziweyo unceda ukunqanda umhlwa.
Lo maleko usebenza njengekhaka kumanzi kunye nomoya.
Indlela esebenza ngayo ixhomekeke kukhathalelo kunye nendawo esetyenziswa kuyo.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
Intsimbi engatyiwayo inqanda umhlwa ngomaleko okhethekileyo ogcina amanzi nomoya.
Ukuyicoca rhoqo ngesepha ethambileyo kunye nelaphu elithambileyo kugcina lo maleko womelele kwaye unqanda umhlwa.
I-Nickel kunye ne-molybdenum zenza intsimbi engatyiwayo yomelele kwaye iyincede ilwe nomhlwa, nakwiindawo ezinzima.
Ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo lensimbi engenasici kubaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi ngamnye ngoko lihlala ixesha elide kwaye lisebenza kakuhle.
Imiphezulu egudileyo inceda ukunqanda umhlwa kuba amanzi kunye neekhemikhali azinakwenzakalisa intsimbi ngokulula.
I-Chromium kunye noMaleko wePassive
Intsimbi engatyiwa kunye neChromium
I-Chromium inceda intsimbi engatyiwayo inqande umhlwa. Xa ichromium ixutywa nentsimbi, iyayitshintsha indlela intsimbi esebenza ngayo. Intsimbi engenastainless idinga ubuncinci i-10.5% yechromium ukulwa nomhlwa. Uninzi lweentlobo zinechromium engakumbi. Ichromium eyongezelelekileyo inceda ukulwa nomonakalo wentsimbi osuka kwiikhemikhali kunye nomoya. Ukuba i-chromium yehla ngaphantsi kwe-12%, intsimbi ilahlekelwa ikhaka layo. Umhlwa unokuqalisa, kwaye isinyithi sisenokungenzi umaleko owomeleleyo okhuselayo.
Intsimbi engenastainless idinga ubuncinci i-10.5% yechromium ukuze ibizwe ngokuba ayinasici.
I-chromium eninzi ithetha ukhuseleko olungcono kwiikhemikhali kunye nomoya.
Umphezulu awufumani umaleko okhuselayo ukuba ichromium ingaphantsi kwe-12%.
I-Chromium engaphantsi kwe-12-15% inokubangela umhlwa phakathi kweenkozo.
Ukwenziwa kweFilimu ePassive
I-Chromium kwintsimbi engatyiwayo idibana neoksijini evela emoyeni. Oku kwenza umaleko omncinci, ocacileyo wechromium oxide ngaphezulu. Ifilimu ye-passive isebenza njengekhaka. Ithintela amanzi, umoya, nezinye izinto ezimbi ukuba zingachukumisi intsimbi. Eli khaka linceda intsimbi engenastainless ukulwa nomhlwa. Ukuqina nokomelele kwefilimu kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo. Kwiindawo ezingenayo i-asidi, ifilimu ihlala yomelele kwaye ikhusela intsimbi. Kwiindawo ezineasidi, ifilimu inokuba buthathaka, kwaye umhlwa unokuqalisa.
Ifilimu ye-passive inokuzilungisa ngokwayo ukuba iyakrweleka, ngoko ke intsimbi ihlala ikhuselekile.
Imida yoKhuselo
Umaleko we-passive kwintsimbi engenasici usebenza kwiindawo ezininzi. Kodwa ezinye izinto zinokulophula eli khaka. I-Chloride ions kwityuwa kunye namanzi olwandle inokulimaza ifilimu yokwenziwa. Oku kubangela imingxuma emincinci kunye nomhlwa onzulu. Iziseko ezomeleleyo kunye nokufuma okuninzi nazo zenza ukuba ikhaka libe buthathaka. Umoya omdaka unokwenza ukuba umhlwa wenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Xa ikhaka liphuka, intsimbi ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okulwa nomhlwa kunye nomonakalo.
I-chloride ion yenza ukuba ikhaka liphuke ngokukhawuleza.
Ukufuma okuninzi, ityuwa, nomoya omdaka ziingxaki ezinkulu zentsimbi engatyiwayo.
Alloying Elements
Indima yeNickel
I-nickel inceda intsimbi engatyiwayo ekulweni nomhlwa ngcono. Xa i-nickel yongezwa, yenza umaleko oqinileyo wokwenziwa. Lo maleko ugcina intsimbi ikhuselekile kumhlwa nasebungozini. I-nickel ikwanceda ekumiseni imingxunya emincinci ukuba ingenzeki. Le mingxuma inokuphuma kwimichiza eyomeleleyo. Nokuba i-nickel encinci, njenge-3%, inceda kakhulu. I-Nickel yenza intsimbi engatyiwayo ihlale yomelele kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwakhona kuthoba isantya sokurusa kwentsimbi. Oku kusebenza xa umphezulu usebenza okanye usenziwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-nickel ibalulekile kwiintsimbi ezininzi ezingenasici.
IiNzuzo zeMolybdenum
I-Molybdenum inika uncedo olongezelelweyo kwintsimbi engenasici. Kuluncedo kakhulu apho kukho ityuwa eninzi okanye ikloridi. I-Molybdenum inceda ukugcina ifilimu ye-passive ukuba ingaphuli. Kwakhona kunciphisa indlela intsimbi eguga ngayo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-molybdenum yakha phezulu. Oku kwenza intsimbi ibengcono ekulweni nomhlwa. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa okwenziwa yi-molybdenum:
Inkqubo |
Inkcazo |
Ukuthintelwa koKuqhekeka kweFilimu ePassive |
I-Molybdenum inceda ukuthintela ukuchithwa kweefilimu ze-oxide ye-passive, ukwandisa ukuchasana nokungena kwiindawo zekloride. |
Ukunciphisa i-Active Metal Dissolution |
I-Molybdenum inciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwesinyithi esisebenzayo ngexesha lokubola kwendawo, inceda ekubuyiseleni kwakhona. |
Ukutyetyiswa koMphezulu |
I-Molybdenum ibonisa ukutyeba komhlaba ngokuhamba kwexesha, okufaka isandla ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa ukubola. |
I-Nickel kunye ne-molybdenum kunye zenza intsimbi engatyiwayo ihlale ixesha elide. Bayinceda ukuba ihlale yomelele kwiindawo ezinzima.
AmaBanga okuNxhathisa iCorrosion
Intsimbi engenastainless iza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lulwa nomhlwa ngendlela yalo. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ithelekisa amabanga amathathu aqhelekileyo:
IBanga leNsimbi engatyiwayo |
iNqanaba lokuchasa iCorrosion |
Ezona mpawu |
304 |
Phakathi |
Ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, inganyangeki kangako kwiiasidi ezinobundlobongela kunye neekloridi |
316 |
Phezulu |
Ukumelana ngcono kwimingxuma kunye nokuhlwa kwemingxuma, ilungele izicelo zaselwandle |
316L |
Phezulu kakhulu |
Ukomelezwa kokumelana nomhlwa, ilungele imekobume yeekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela |
Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-ferritic kunye ne-martensitic, zinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo. I-Ferritic steel stainless isetyenziswa kwi-trim yemoto kunye nezixhobo zokutya. Iintlobo zeMartensitic zilungile kwiimela kunye nemithombo. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe uhlobo oluchanekileyo apho luya kusetyenziswa khona. Amabanga anealloyi eninzi anokubiza ngaphezulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa kancinci kwiindawo ezinzima.
Iipropati zoMphezulu
Imiphezulu egudileyo
Imiphezulu egudileyo inceda intsimbi engenastainless ukulwa nomhlwa. Xa intsimbi ikhazimlisiwe, iba rhabaxa kancinci. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba izinto ezifana namanzi okanye iikhemikhali zihlasele. Imingxuma embalwa kunye neentanda kuthetha ukuba umhlwa uneendawo ezimbalwa zokuqalisa. Ukugqitywa okugudileyo kunceda i-passive layer ifom ngokulinganayo. Insimbi engenasici enesiphelo esihle kulula ukuyicoca. Ayibambi ubumdaka okanye imichiza kakhulu.
Iziqendu ezigudileyo zehlisa ithuba lokugrumba.
Imiphezulu egudisiweyo ilwa umhlwa kwimingxunya ngcono kunezo zirhabaxa.
Electropolished steel stainless inefilimu engcono yokwenziwa.
Umphezulu ogudileyo unceda intsimbi engatyiwayo ukuba ihlale imenyezela. Ikwanceda ukuba ihlale ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinzima.
Ukucoca & noLondolozo
Ukucoca kunye nokukhathalela intsimbi engenastainless igcina i-passive layer ikhuselekile. Ukucoca rhoqo kususa ukungcola kunye nezinto ezinobungozi. Oku kunceda ifilimu yokwenziwa ukuba ihlale yomelele. Sebenzisa isepha ethambileyo kunye nebrashi ethambileyo ukucoca intsimbi engatyiwayo. Emva kokuhlamba, hlambulula ngamanzi acocekileyo. Yomisa ngelaphu elithambileyo ukumisa amabala amanzi kunye namabala.
Khuhla ngobunono ubumdaka ngebrashi yenayiloni.
Sebenzisa isepha ethambileyo okanye isepha esikhuselekileyo kwintsimbi engatyiwayo.
Pula ngamanzi acocekileyo.
Yomisa ngelaphu elithambileyo.
Musa ukusebenzisa uboya bentsimbi okanye iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa. Ukuchukumisa intsimbi yekhabhoni okanye intsimbi kunokubangela umhlwa. Ukunxiba iiglavu ezicocekileyo kumisa iminwe kunye namanqaku.
Ukucoca kudla ngokunceda intsimbi engenastainless ukulwa nomhlwa. Ikwanceda ukuba ihlale ixesha elide, nakwiindawo ezinzima.
Ukuxhathisa Umonakalo Womzimba
Intsimbi engatyiwa yomelele kwaye yomelele. Iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima ngaphandle kokugoba. Inzima kodwa inokugoba ngaphandle kokwaphuka. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukubohloka okanye ukukrwela.
Ipropati |
Inzuzo |
Amandla aphezulu okuqina |
Iphatha uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo |
I-Ductility |
Iyagoba kodwa ayiqhekeki |
Ukuqina |
Ukulwa nomonakalo ongaphezulu kunye nokunxiba |
Ezi mpawu zenza intsimbi engatyiwayo ibe ntle kakhulu kwiindawo ezidinga intsimbi eyomeleleyo kunye nerust. Ukuba iyakrweleka okanye iboboke, ungayilungisa ngokulula. Ukubhafuza okanye ukusebenzisa ilaphu elithambileyo kunokwenza libukeke litsha kwakhona.
Intsimbi engasebenziyo inqanda umhlwa kunye nomonakalo ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili. Umaleko owenziweyo usebenza njengekhaka kwaye uzilungise ngokwawo ukuba uyakrwela. Izinto ezidibanisayo ezifana nechromium, nickel, kunye nemolybdenum ziyenza yomelele ngokuchasene nomhlwa. Umphezulu ogudileyo kunye nokucoca kunceda intsimbi ihlale imenyezela kwaye yomelele. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa indlela nganye indlela esebenza ngayo:
Inkqubo |
Ukusebenza Ngokuchasene nomhlwa kunye nomonakalo |
I-Passive Layer |
Yenza ikhuselo elithintela umhlwa, ngelixa intsimbi yekhabhoni irusa ngokukhawuleza. |
Self-Repair Mechanism |
Ikhaka liyabumba kwakhona ukuba liye lenzakala, okoko nje kukho ichromium. |
Imiba yokusingqongileyo |
Izinto ezifana netyuwa, iiasidi, nobushushu zinokwenza umhlwa wenzeke ngokukhawuleza. |
Ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo lensimbi engenasici kubalulekile kwindawo nganye. Amabanga alwa kakuhle nomhlwa alungele iindawo ezinemichiza, amanzi, okanye ityuwa. Iifektri zokutya zifuna intsimbi engatyiwayo engasabelani nokutya. Izityalo zemichiza zidinga amabakala anokumelana neemeko ezinzima. Ukuba ukhetha ibakala elingelilo, unokufumana i-pitting, i-crack, okanye i-corrosion yoxinzelelo.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo iyarusa ngaphantsi kakhulu kunezinye iintsimbi, naxa ishushu.
Intsimbi engenastainless ihlala ixesha elide kwaye idinga ukhathalelo oluncinci. Ikwalungile nakwiplanethi. Itheyibhile engezantsi idwelisa ezi ngongoma zilungileyo:
Inzuzo |
Inkcazo |
Ukomelela okongeziweyo |
Izakhiwo zentsimbi engatyiwayo zihlala ixesha eliphindwe kabini kunezentsimbi zekhabhoni. |
Iimfuno zokugcinwa okuphantsi |
Awudingi ukuyilungisa kakhulu, ngoko ilungile kwiindawo ezixakekileyo. |
Ubunzima obulungiselelweyo |
Yomelele, ngoko ungasebenzisa intsimbi encinci kwaye wenze izinto zibe khaphukhaphu ukuya kutsho kuma-30 ekhulwini. |
Uzinzo |
Intsimbi engatyiwayo inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye inceda ekugcineni umhlaba ucocekile. |
Imithetho inceda abantu ukuba bakhethe ibakala elifanelekileyo lensimbi engenasici kumsebenzi ngamnye. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi isebenza kakuhle kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Intsimbi engenastainless ikhethekile kuba ilwa nomhlwa, yomelele, kwaye ihlala iminyaka emininzi.
FAQ
Yintoni eyenza intsimbi engatyiwayo yahluke kwintsimbi eqhelekileyo?
Insimbi engenasici inechromium kunye nezinye izinto. Oku kudala umaleko okhuselayo othintela umhlwa. Intsimbi eqhelekileyo ayinayo eli khaka, ngoko igrusa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba intsimbi engatyiwayo ingarusa kwiindawo ezinetyuwa okanye ezimanzi?
Ewe, intsimbi engatyiwayo inokugqwala kwiindawo ezinetyuwa okanye ezimanzi. Iikloridi ezisemanzini etyuwa zinokwaphula umaleko okhuselayo. Ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo kunceda ukuthintela le ngxaki.
Abantu bafanele bayicoce njani intsimbi engatyiwayo ukuze bathintele umhlwa?
Abantu bafanele basebenzise isepha ethambileyo, amanzi, nelaphu elithambileyo. Bafanele baphephe uboya bentsimbi kunye nabacoci abaqatha. Ukucoca rhoqo kugcina umaleko wokukhusela womelele.
Kutheni amanye amabakala entsimbi engenasici exabisa ngaphezulu?
Amabanga anenickel eninzi okanye imolybdenum axabisa ngaphezulu. Ezi zinto zenza intsimbi yomelele ngokuchasene nomhlwa kunye nomonakalo. Amabanga aphakamileyo ahlala ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinzima.
Ngaba insimbi engenasici idinga ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo emva kwemikrwelo?
Ewe. Imikrwelo inokuwenza buthathaka umaleko okhuselayo. Ukucoca kunye nokupolisha kunceda umaleko uzilungise. Oku kugcina intsimbi yomelele kwaye imenyezela.
