Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birihariye kuko birwanya ingese no kwangirika muburyo butatu bwingenzi. Ifite uburyo bwo gukingira pasiporo, ibintu bikomeye bivanga, hamwe nubuso bwihariye. Igice cya pasiporo ahanini ni oxyde ya chromium. Uru rupapuro rutwikira ibyuma kandi rukabuza amazi n'umwuka. Iyi bariyeri igabanya amahirwe yo kubora. Ifasha ibyuma gukomeza gukomera igihe kirekire. Nickel na molybdenum nibintu bivanga. Barakora
ibyuma bitagira umwanda bimara igihe kinini ahantu hakomeye. Ubuso bworoshye nubufasha bworoshye bwo gukora isuku
ibyuma bidafite ingese birwanya ibyangiritse. Ibi biranga kandi bifasha kugumya kumurika.
Isosiyete yacu ikoresha iyi mitungo kugirango itange ibisubizo bikomeye byibyuma.
Igice cya pasiporo gifasha guhagarika ruswa.
Iki gipimo gikora nkingabo ikingira amazi numwuka.
Uburyo ikora neza biterwa nubwitonzi n’aho ikoreshwa.
Ibyingenzi
Ibyuma bidafite ingese bihagarika ingese hamwe nigice kidasanzwe kibika amazi numwuka.
Kwoza kenshi ukoresheje isabune yoroheje nigitambara cyoroshye bituma iki gice gikomera kandi gihagarika ingese.
Nickel na molybdenum bituma ibyuma bidafite ingese bikayifasha kurwanya ingese, ndetse no ahantu hakomeye.
Guhitamo icyuma cyiza kitagira ibyuma nibyingenzi kuri buri murimo bityo bimara igihe kirekire kandi bikora neza.
Ubuso bworoshye bufasha guhagarika ingese kuko amazi nubumara ntibishobora kubabaza ibyuma byoroshye.
Chromium & Passive Layeri
Ibyuma & Chromium
Chromium ifasha ibyuma bidafite ingese guhagarika ingese. Iyo chromium ivanze nicyuma, ihindura uburyo ibyuma bikora. Ibyuma bidafite ingese bikenera byibura 10.5% chromium kugirango irwanye ingese. Ubwoko bwinshi bufite chromium nyinshi. Chromium nyinshi ifasha ibyuma kurwanya ibyangiritse bivuye mumiti n'umwuka. Niba chromium igabanutse munsi ya 12%, ibyuma bitakaza ingabo. Ingese irashobora gutangira, kandi ibyuma ntibishobora gukora urwego rukingira.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bikenera byibura 10.5% chromium kugirango bita kwangirika.
Chromium nyinshi isobanura kurinda neza imiti n'umwuka.
Ubuso ntibubona urwego rukingira niba chromium iri munsi ya 12%.
Chromium iri munsi ya 12-15% irashobora gutera ingese hagati yintete.
Gushiraho Filime
Chromium mu byuma bitagira umwanda ifata umwuka wa ogisijeni uva mu kirere. Ibi bituma urwego ruto, rusobanutse rwa chromium oxyde hejuru. Filime ya pasiporo ikora nkingabo. Ihagarika amazi, umwuka, nibindi bintu bibi gukora ku byuma. Iyi nkinzo ifasha ibyuma bidafite ingese kurwanya ingese. Ukuntu firime nini kandi ikomeye bivana nigihe iri. Ahantu hatari acide, firime iguma ikomeye kandi ikingira ibyuma. Ahantu acide, firime irashobora gucika intege, kandi ingese irashobora gutangira.
Filime ya pasiporo irashobora kwikosora iyo ishushanyije, bityo ibyuma bikagumana umutekano.
Imipaka yo Kurinda
Inzira ya pasiporo ku byuma bidafite ingese ikora ahantu henshi. Ariko ibintu bimwe bishobora kumena iyi ngabo. Chloride ion mumunyu namazi yo mu nyanja irashobora kubabaza firime ya pasiporo. Ibi bitera umwobo muto hamwe n'ingese zimbitse. Ibishingwe bikomeye nubushuhe bwinshi nabyo bituma ingabo idakomera. Umwuka wanduye urashobora gutuma ingese ibaho vuba. Iyo ingabo imenetse, ibyuma bitakaza imbaraga zo kurwanya ingese no kwangirika.
Ion ya Chloride ituma ingabo imeneka vuba.
Ubushuhe bwinshi, umunyu, numwuka wanduye nibibazo bikomeye kubyuma bidafite ingese.
Gukuramo Ibintu
Uruhare rwa Nickel
Nickel ifasha ibyuma bidafite ingese kurwanya ingese neza. Iyo nikel yongeyeho, ikora igipande gikomeye. Uru rupapuro rutuma ibyuma birinda ingese no kwangirika. Nickel ifasha kandi guhagarika umwobo muto. Ibyo byobo birashobora guturuka kumiti ikomeye. Ndetse nikel nkeya, nka 3%, ifasha byinshi. Nickel areka ibyuma bidafite ingese bigakomeza gukomera ahantu henshi. Iradindiza kandi uburyo ibyuma byihuta. Ibi bikora iyo ubuso bukora cyangwa bworoshye. Niyo mpamvu nikel ari ngombwa mubyuma byinshi bidafite ingese.
Inyungu za Molybdenum
Molybdenum itanga ubufasha bwinyongera kumashanyarazi. Ni ingirakamaro cyane aho hari umunyu mwinshi cyangwa chloride. Molybdenum ifasha kurinda firime ya pasiporo idacika. Iratinda kandi uburyo ibyuma bishira vuba. Igihe kirenze, molybdenum yubaka hejuru. Ibi bituma ibyuma birushaho kuba byiza mukurwanya ingese. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana icyo molybdenum ikora:
Urwego |
Ibisobanuro |
Kwirinda gusenyuka kwa firime |
Molybdenum ifasha mukurinda gusenyuka kwa firime ya okiside ya pasiporo, byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya imyanda ya chloride. |
Kugabanya Gukora Ibyuma Bikora |
Molybdenum igabanya umuvuduko wo gushonga kwicyuma gikora mugihe cyangirika cyaho, gifasha mukwisubiraho. |
Gutunganya Ubuso |
Molybdenum yerekana ubutunzi bwo hejuru mugihe, bigira uruhare mukurwanya ruswa. |
Nickel na molybdenum hamwe bituma ibyuma bitagira umwanda bimara igihe kirekire. Barayifasha gukomeza gukomera ahantu hakomeye.
Impamyabumenyi yo Kurwanya Ruswa
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda biza muburyo butandukanye. Buri bwoko burwanya ingese muburyo bwabwo. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira iragereranya amanota atatu asanzwe:
Icyuma Cyuma |
Urwego rwo Kurwanya Ruswa |
Ibintu by'ingenzi |
304 |
Guciriritse |
Nibyiza gukoreshwa muri rusange, kutarwanya acide na chloride |
316 |
Hejuru |
Kurwanya ibyiza byo gutobora no kwangirika, bikwiranye ninyanja |
316L |
Hejuru cyane |
Kongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, nibyiza kubidukikije byimiti |
Ubundi bwoko, nka ferritic na martensitike, bifite imirimo idasanzwe. Ibyuma bya ferritic bidafite ibyuma bikoreshwa mumodoka n'ibikoresho byo kurya. Ubwoko bwa Martensitis nibyiza kubicyuma n'amasoko. Ugomba guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye aho buzakoreshwa. Impamyabumenyi hamwe nibindi byinshi bishobora kugura byinshi mbere. Ariko biramba kandi bikenera gukosorwa ahantu hatoroshye.
Ubuso Bwiza
Ubuso bworoshye
Ubuso bworoshye bufasha ibyuma bidafite ingese kurwanya ingese. Iyo ibyuma bisizwe, bigenda bikomera. Ibi bituma bigora ibintu nkamazi cyangwa imiti gutera. Ibinogo bike nibice bivuze ko ingese ifite ahantu hato ho gutangirira. Kurangiza neza bifasha pasiporo igaragara neza. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe no kurangiza neza biroroshye koza. Ntabwo ifata umwanda cyangwa imiti cyane.
Byoroheje birangiza bigabanya amahirwe yo gutera ruswa.
Isura isukuye irwanya ruswa yangirika kuruta iyikomeye.
Ibyuma byamashanyarazi bidafite ibyuma bifite firime nziza.
Ubuso bunoze bufasha ibyuma bitagira umwanda kuguma urabagirana. Ifasha kandi kumara igihe kirekire ahantu hakomeye.
Isuku & Kubungabunga
Isuku no kwita ku byuma bitagira umwanda bituma urwego rwa pasiporo rugira umutekano. Isuku isanzwe ikuraho umwanda nibintu byangiza. Ibi bifasha firime ya pasiporo kuguma ikomeye. Koresha isabune yoroheje hamwe na brush yoroheje kugirango usukure ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Nyuma yo gukaraba, kwoza n'amazi meza. Kuma hamwe nigitambaro cyoroshye kugirango uhagarike ibibanza byamazi.
Witonze witonze umwanda hamwe na nylon brush.
Koresha isabune yoroheje cyangwa ibikoresho byogajuru bifite umutekano mubyuma bidafite ingese.
Kwoza amazi meza.
Kuma hamwe nigitambara cyoroshye.
Ntukoreshe ubwoya bw'icyuma cyangwa imiti ikaze. Gukora ku byuma bya karubone cyangwa ibyuma birashobora gutera ingese. Kwambara uturindantoki dusukuye bihagarika igikumwe n'ibimenyetso.
Isuku akenshi ifasha ibyuma bidafite ingese kurwanya ingese. Irafasha kandi kumara igihe kirekire, ndetse no ahantu hakomeye.
Kurwanya ibyangiritse kumubiri
Ibyuma bidafite ingese birakomeye kandi birakomeye. Irashobora gutwara imitwaro iremereye itagunamye. Biragoye ariko birashobora kunama bitavunitse. Ibi bituma bigora gutobora cyangwa gushushanya.
Umutungo |
Inyungu |
Imbaraga zikomeye |
Gukemura umuvuduko ukabije hamwe no guhangayika |
Guhindagurika |
Yunamye ariko ntivunika |
Gukomera |
Kurwanya ibyangiritse no kwambara |
Ibiranga bituma ibyuma bidafite ingese ahantu hakenewe ibyuma bikomeye kandi birwanya ingese. Niba ishushanyije cyangwa yashizwemo, urashobora kuyikosora byoroshye. Gukubita cyangwa gukoresha umwenda woroshye birashobora gutuma byongera kugaragara.
Ibyuma bidafite ingese bihagarika ingese no kwangirika muburyo butatu. Inzira ya pasiporo ikora nkingabo kandi ikosora niba yashushanyije. Kuvanga ibintu nka chromium, nikel, na molybdenum bituma bikomera kurwanya ingese. Kugaragara neza no gukora isuku bifasha ibyuma kuguma ari byiza kandi bikomeye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo buri nzira ikora:
Urwego |
Ingaruka zo Kurwanya Ingese no Kwangirika |
Inzira ya Passive |
Ikora ingabo ikingira ingese, mugihe ibyuma bya karubone byihuta. |
Uburyo bwo Kwisana |
Inkinzo yongeye gukora iyo ibabaje, mugihe chromium iba ihari. |
Ibidukikije |
Ibintu nkumunyu, acide, nubushyuhe birashobora gutuma ingese ibaho vuba. |
Guhitamo icyuma cyiza kitagira ingese ni ngombwa kuri buri mwanya. Impamyabumenyi irwanya ingese nibyiza kubice bifite imiti, amazi, cyangwa umunyu. Inganda zibiribwa zikenera ibyuma bitagira umwanda bititabira ibiryo. Ibimera byimiti bikenera amanota ashobora gukemura ibibazo bikomeye. Niba uhisemo amanota atari yo, urashobora kubona piting, crevice, cyangwa guhangayika.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byangirika cyane ugereranije nibindi byuma, kabone niyo byaba bishyushye.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bimara igihe kinini kandi bikenera kwitabwaho gake. Nibyiza kandi kuri iyi si. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana izi ngingo nziza:
Inyungu |
Ibisobanuro |
Kuramba |
Inyubako zidafite ibyuma zimara hafi inshuro ebyiri ibyuma bya karubone. |
Ibisabwa byo hasi |
Ntugomba kubikosora cyane, nibyiza rero ahantu hahuze. |
Uburemere bwiza |
Irakomeye, urashobora rero gukoresha ibyuma bike ugakora ibintu byoroshye kugeza 30%. |
Kuramba |
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birashobora gukoreshwa kandi bigafasha isi kugira isuku. |
Amategeko afasha abantu gutoranya icyiciro cyiza cyicyuma kuri buri murimo. Ibi byemeza neza ko ibyuma bikora neza kandi bimara igihe kirekire. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birihariye kuko birwanya ingese, birakomeye, kandi bimara imyaka myinshi.
Ibibazo
Niki gituma ibyuma bitagira umwanda bitandukanye nicyuma gisanzwe?
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birimo chromium nibindi bintu. Ibi birema urwego rukingira rukumira ingese. Ibyuma bisanzwe ntabwo bifite iyi nkinzo, bityo irabora vuba.
Ese ibyuma bidafite ingese ahantu h'umunyu cyangwa ahantu hatose?
Nibyo, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora kubora ahantu h'umunyu cyangwa ahantu hatose. Chloride mumazi yumunyu irashobora kumena urwego rukingira. Guhitamo icyiciro gikwiye bifasha gukumira iki kibazo.
Nigute abantu bagomba guhanagura ibyuma bitagira umwanda kugirango birinde ingese?
Abantu bagomba gukoresha isabune yoroheje, amazi, nigitambara cyoroshye. Bagomba kwirinda ubwoya bwibyuma hamwe nisuku ikaze. Isuku isanzwe ituma urwego rukingira rukomera.
Ni ukubera iki amanota yicyuma atwara igiciro kinini?
Impamyabumenyi hamwe na nikel nyinshi cyangwa molybdenum igura byinshi. Ibi bintu bituma ibyuma bikomera kurwanya ingese no kwangirika. Amanota yo hejuru amara igihe kinini ahantu hakomeye.
Ese ibyuma bidafite ingese bikenera ubwitonzi budasanzwe nyuma yo gushushanya?
Yego. Igishushanyo gishobora guca intege urwego rukingira. Isuku no gusya bifasha urwego gusana ubwabwo. Ibi bituma ibyuma bikomera kandi bikayangana.
