Icyuma kitagira iki cyiciro cyihariye kuko kirwanya ingera kandi byangiritse muburyo butatu bwingenzi. Ifite urwego rukinze, rukomeye rukomeye, hamwe nibiranga hejuru. Igice cya pasine ahanini ni chromium oxide. Iyi liser itwikiriye ibyuma kandi ihagarika amazi numwuka. Iyi bariyeri igabanya amahirwe yingese. Ifasha ibyuma gukomera igihe kirekire. Nikel na molybdenum nibintu byoherejwe. Bakora
ibyuma bitagira ingaruka kumwanya muremure ahantu hakomeye. Ubuso bworoshye hamwe nubufasha bworoshye bwo gusukura
Icyuma kitagira ingaruka kurwara ibyangiritse. Ibi bintu biranafasha gukomeza kumurika.
Isosiyete yacu ikoresha iyi mitungo kugirango itange ibisubizo bikomeye.
Igice cya passive gifasha guhagarika ruswa.
Iyi liser ikora nkingabo yo kurwanya amazi numwuka.
Nigute ikora biterwa no kwitaho n'ahantu hakoreshwa.
ABAFATANYIJE
Icyuma kitagira ingaruka zihagarara hamwe nimpande zidasanzwe zikomeza amazi numwuka.
Gusukura kenshi hamwe nisabune yoroheje nu mwenda woroshye utuma urwo rwego rukomeye kandi rureka ingese.
Nikel na molybdenum bakora ibyuma bitagira ingaruka no kugufasha kurwanya ingese, ndetse no ahantu hakomeye.
Gutoragura amanota yicyuma ntangarugero ni ngombwa kuri buri murimo kugirango bimara igihe kirekire kandi bikora neza.
Ubuso bworoshye bufasha guhagarika ingese kuko amazi n'imiti ntibishobora kubabaza ibyuma byoroshye.
Chromium & Passive Igice
Icyuma Cyiza na Chromium
Chromium ifasha ibyuma bitagira ingano ihagarika ingese. Iyo chromium ivanze hamwe nicyuma, ihindura uburyo ibikorwa byicyuma. Icyuma kitagira ingano ukeneye byibuze 10.5% chromium kugirango irwanye ingese. Ubwoko bwinshi bufite thromium arenga. Albium nyinshi ifasha ibyuma byugarije ibyangiritse bivuye mumiti no mu kirere. Niba Chromium atonyanga munsi ya 12%, ibyuma ntatakaza ingabo. Ingese irashobora gutangira, kandi icyuma ntigishobora gukora urwego rukomeye rwo kurinda.
Icyuma kitagira ingano ukeneye byibuze 10.5% chromium yitwa kunyeganyega.
Chromium asobanura kurinda neza imiti numwuka.
Ubuso ntibubona urwego rukingira niba chromium iri munsi ya 12%.
Chromium munsi ya 12-15% arashobora gutera ingeye hagati yibinyampeke.
Imiterere ya firime
Chromium mu ibyuma bidafite ingaruka ku nkombe ya ogisijeni mu kirere. Ibi bituma igice gito, gisobanutse cya oxide ofdide hejuru. Filime ya pasiporo ikora nk'ingabo. Ihagarika amazi, umwuka, nibindi bintu bibi mugukora kubyuma. Iyi nkinzo ifasha ibyuma bitagira ingano Kurwanya ingese. Mbega umubyimba kandi ukomeye muri firime biterwa n'aho ari. Ahantu atari aside, filime irakomera kandi irinda ibyuma. Ahantu acide, film irashobora gucika intege, kandi ingese zirashobora gutangira.
Filime ya pasiporo irashobora kwikosora niba imaze gukubitwa, nuko ibyuma birakomeza umutekano.
Imipaka yo kurinda
Igice cya passive kumurongo wibyuma kitagira ahantu henshi. Ariko ibintu bimwe birashobora guca iki kigo. Ionloride ions mumunyu namazi yo mu nyanja irashobora kubabaza firime. Ibi bitera umwobo duto na rutare rwimbitse. Ibishingwe bikomeye nubushuhe bwinshi nabyo bituma ingabo zidakora intege nke. Umwuka wanduye urashobora gutuma ingese zibaho vuba. Iyo ingabo ikiruhuko, ibyuma itakaza imbaraga zo kurwanya ingese nibyangiritse.
Chloride ion ituma ingabo isenyuka vuba.
Ubushuhe bwinshi, umunyu, umwuka wanduye ni ibibazo bikomeye byo gusebanya.
Ivugurura ryibintu
Uruhare rwa Nikel
Nikel ifasha ibyuma bitagira ingano Kurwana neza. Iyo nikel yongeyeho, ikora igice gikomeye. Iyi mirongo ituma ibyuma bifite imitako iva mu rugero. Nikel nayo ifasha guhagarika umwobo muto. Izi mwobo zirashobora kuva mumiti ikomeye. Ndetse na nikel nkeya, nka 3%, ifasha byinshi. Nikel yemerera ibyuma bidafite imbaraga gukomera ahantu henshi. Iradindiza kandi uburyo byihuse ibyuma. Ibi bikora mugihe ubuso bukora cyangwa pasiporo. Niyo mpamvu nikel ari ingenzi mubibabi byinshi bidafite ingaruka.
Inyungu za Molybdenum
Molybdenum atanga ubufasha bwinyongera kugirango ibyuma. Nibyiza cyane aho hari umunyu cyangwa chloride nyinshi. Molybdenum afasha kubika firime yo gutandukana. Iradindiza kandi uko ibyuma byashize. Igihe kirenze, Molybdenum yubaka hejuru. Ibi bituma ibyuma nibyiza kuruta kurwanya ingese. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana icyo Molybdenum ikora:
Uburyo |
Ibisobanuro |
Gukumira firime ya pasiporo |
Molybdenum afasha gukumira gusenyuka kwa firime za pasiporo, kuzamura kurwanya ibigo bya chloride. |
Kugabanya ibyuma bifatika |
Molybdenum igabanya igipimo cy'imivugo y'ibyuma gikora mu gihe cya ruswa byaho, bigafasha mu kwisubiraho. |
Hejuru |
Molybdenum yerekana imbaraga zo hejuru mugihe, zigira uruhare mu kuzamura indwara. |
Nikel na Molybdenum hamwe bakora ibyuma bitagira ingano. Baramufasha gukomeza gukomera ahantu hakomeye.
Amanota yo kurwanya ruswa
Icyuma ntizaza muburyo butandukanye. Buri bwoko burwanya ingese muburyo bwayo. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igereranya amanota atatu asanzwe:
Amanota yicyuma |
Urwego rwo kurwanya ruswa |
Ibintu by'ingenzi |
304 |
Gushyira mu gaciro |
Byiza kuri rusange, bidahwitse kudashidika acide na chloride |
316 |
Hejuru |
Kurwanya neza gukubita na Crevasice Brission, bikwiranye na porogaramu ya Marine |
316L |
Hejuru cyane |
Yongereye Kurwanya BROSIONION, Nibyiza kubidukikije bikaze imiti |
Ubundi bwoko, nka Ferritic na Martinetique, bafite akazi gasanzwe. Icyuma cya Ferritic Caltainles gikoreshwa mubikoresho byimodoka nibikoresho byibiribwa. Ubwoko bwa Marteritike nibyiza kubiborona namasoko. Ugomba guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye aho bizakoreshwa. Amanota hamwe na aly hashobora kwishyura byinshi. Ariko bamara igihe kirekire kandi bakeneye uko bakosowe ahantu hakomeye.
Imiterere yububiko
Hejuru
Ubuso bworoshye bufasha ibyuma bitagira ingaruka kurwana. Iyo ibyuma bisukuye, birakomera. Ibi bituma bigora ibintu nkamazi cyangwa imiti yo gutera. Ibishishwa bike nibice bivuze ingese ifite ahantu hake kugirango utangire. Kurangiza neza bifasha urwego rwa passive neza. Icyuma kitagira iherezo hamwe no kurangiza neza biroroshye gusukura. Ntabwo ikora umwanda cyangwa imiti.
Kurya birangira kumahirwe yo gutakaza amahirwe yo gukubita.
Iso risunze rirwanya crevice ruswa kuruta abagome.
Icyuma cyatoranijwe kitagira ingaruka gifite firime nziza.
Ubuso bunoze bufasha ibyuma bidafite ishingiro guma shiny. Iradufasha kandi bimara igihe kirekire ahantu hatoroye.
Gusukura & Kubungabunga
Gusukura no kwita ku ibyuma bidafite ingaruka bikomeza urwego rwa passive. Isuku buri gihe ikuraho ibintu byanduye kandi byangiza. Ibi bifasha firime ya pasiporo gukomera. Koresha isabune yoroheje na brush yoroshye kugirango usukure ibyuma. Nyuma yo gukaraba, kwoza n'amazi meza. Kuma hamwe nigitambara cyoroshye kugirango uhagarike ibibanza byamazi.
Witonze scrub umwanda hamwe na nylon brush.
Koresha isabune yoroheje cyangwa ibikoresho bifite umutekano kubice byanduye.
Kwoza amazi meza.
Kuma hamwe nigitambara cyoroshye.
Ntukoreshe ubwoya bwo gutema cyangwa imiti ikaze. Gukora ku ibyuma bya karubone cyangwa icyuma birashobora gutera ingese. Kwambara uturindantoki zisukuye zihagarara igikumwe n'ibimenyetso.
Gusukura akenshi bifasha ibyuma bitagira ingaruka ku rujijo. Iradufasha kandi bimara igihe kirekire, kabone niyo gakomeye.
Kurwanya kwangirika kumubiri
Icyuma kitagira ingaruka irakomeye kandi ikomeye. Irashobora gukemura imitwaro iremereye atanyeganyega. Biragoye ariko birashobora kunama utavunitse. Ibi bituma bigorana cyangwa gushushanya.
Umutungo |
Inyungu |
Imbaraga ndende |
Ikora igitutu kinini no guhangayika |
Umucunguruko |
Kuzunguruka ariko ntibivunika |
Gukomera |
Kurwanya ibyangiritse byo hejuru no kwambara |
Ibi bintu bituma ibyuma bitagira ingano ahantu hakenewe icyuma gikomeye kandi kirwanya. Niba bimaze gushushanya cyangwa guhakana, urashobora kubikosora byoroshye. Buffing cyangwa ukoresheje umwenda woroshye urashobora kongera kugaragarashya.
Icyuma kitagira ingaruka zireka ingerera kandi byangiritse muburyo butatu bwingenzi. Igice cya pasiporo gikora nkingabo kandi bikemerera niba byashushanyije. Imyitwarire yibintu nka chromium, nikel, na Molybdenum bituma bikomera kuri rust. Ubuso bworoshye no gukora isuku bufasha ibyuma bikagumaho kandi bikomeye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo buri nzira ikora:
Uburyo |
Imyitwarire yo kurwanya ingese no kwangirika |
Igice cya pasiporo |
Ikora ingabo ihagarika ingese, mugihe igiti cya karubone cyihuta. |
Uburyo bwo gusana |
Impapuro zinkinzo niba zikomeretsa, igihe cyose chromium ihari. |
Ibintu by'ibidukikije |
Ibintu nkumunyu, acide, nubushyuhe birashobora gutuma ingese zibaho vuba. |
Gutoragura amanota yicyuma ntangarugero ni ngombwa kuri buri mwanya. Amanota arwanya ingese nziza nibyiza mubice bifite imiti, amazi, cyangwa umunyu. Inganda zibiri zikeneye ibyuma bidafite ikibazo bidakira nibiryo. Ibimera bya shimi bikenera amanota ashobora gukora ibintu bikomeye. Niba uhisemo amanota atari yo, urashobora kubona injira, crevice, cyangwa imihangayiko.
Icyuma kitagira ikinamico kitari munsi yizindi byuma, kabone niyo byaba bishyushye.
Icyuma nticyamara igihe kirekire kandi gikeneye kwitabwaho gato. Nibyiza kandi ku isi. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira kuri izi ngingo nziza:
Inyungu |
Ibisobanuro |
Kuramba |
Inyubako za Stel zitagira ingano zimara inshuro ebyiri mugihe cyicyuma cya karubone. |
Ibisabwa mu rwego rwo hasi |
Ntukeneye kubikemura byinshi, nibyiza rero ahantu hahuze. |
Uburemere bworoshye |
Birakomeye, kugirango ubashe gukoresha ibyuma bike hanyuma ugakora ibintu byoroshye kugeza 30%. |
Kuramba |
Icyuma kitagira ikinamico gishobora gutuzwa no gufasha ku isi. |
Amategeko afasha abantu gutoranya amanota yicyuma bidafite ishingiro kuri buri murimo. Ibi byemeza neza ko ibyuma bikora neza kandi bimara igihe kirekire. Icyuma kitagira ingaruka kudasanzwe kuko irwanya ingese, irakomeye, kandi ikamara imyaka myinshi.
Ibibazo
Niki gituma ibyuma bitagira ingano bitandukanye nicyuma gisanzwe?
Icyuma kitagira ikirere kirimo chromium nibindi bintu. Ibi birema urwego rukingira ruhagarika ingese. Icyuma gisanzwe ntabwo gifite iyi ngabo, niko bigenda byihuse.
Intungamubiri zidasanzwe zinyeganyega cyangwa ahantu hatose?
Yego, ibyuma bidafite ingaruka birashobora gutera imbere mubunyuba cyangwa ahantu hatose. Chloride mumazi yumurongo irashobora kumena urwego rukingira. Guhitamo icyiciro cyiza gifasha gukumira iki kibazo.
Nigute abantu basukuye ibyuma bitagira ingano kugirango bakumire ingera?
Abantu bagomba gukoresha isabune yoroheje, amazi, nu mwenda woroshye. Bagomba kwirinda ibyuma by'ubwoya no gukaza. Gusukura buri gihe bituma urwego rurinda rukomeye.
Kuki amanota yicyuma idafite ibyuma atwara byinshi?
Amanota hamwe na nikel cyangwa molybdenum igura byinshi. Ibi bintu bituma ibyuma bikomeye kurwanya ingese no kwangirika. Amanota yo hejuru ahemba cyane ahantu hakomeye.
Ibyuma bidafite ikibazo ukeneye kwitabwaho bidasanzwe nyuma yo gushushanya?
Yego. Ibishushanyo birashobora gucika intege murwego rwo kurinda. Gusukura no gusya bifasha gusana umwanya. Ibi bituma ibyuma bikomeye kandi birabagirana.
