Insimbi engagqwali ikhethekile ngoba ilwa nokugqwala nokulimala ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko. Inongqimba oluvikelayo, izakhi eziqinile zengxubevange, nezici ezikhethekile zangaphezulu. Isendlalelo sokwenziwa ngokuvamile siyi-chromium oxide. Lolu ungqimba lumboza insimbi futhi luvimbe amanzi nomoya. Lo mgoqo wehlisa amathuba okugqwala. Isiza insimbi ukuthi ihlale iqinile isikhathi eside. I-Nickel ne-molybdenum yizakhi ze-alloying. Bayakha
insimbi engagqwali ihlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni eziqinile. Izindawo ezibushelelezi nosizo lokuhlanza kalula
insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nomonakalo. Lezi zici ziphinde ziyisize igcine ikhazimula.
Inkampani yethu isebenzisa lezi zakhiwo ukuze inikeze izixazululo eziqinile zensimbi.
Isendlalelo sokwenziwa sisiza ukumisa ukugqwala.
Lolu ungqimba lusebenza njengesihlangu emanzini nasemoyeni.
Ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ekunakekelweni nasendaweni esetshenziswayo.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
Insimbi engagqwali ivimba ukugqwala ngongqimba olukhethekile olugcina amanzi nomoya.
Ukuyihlanza njalo ngensipho ethambile nendwangu ethambile kugcina lolu ungqimba luqinile futhi kunqanda ukugqwala.
I-Nickel ne-molybdenum yenza insimbi engagqwali ibe namandla futhi iyisize ilwe nokugqwala, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinzima.
Ukukhetha izinga elifanele lensimbi engagqwali kubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini ngamunye ngakho-ke ihlala isikhathi eside futhi isebenza kahle.
Izindawo ezibushelelezi zisiza ukunqanda ukugqwala ngoba amanzi namakhemikhali akukwazi ukulimaza insimbi kalula.
I-Chromium ne-Passive Layer
Insimbi Engagqwali ne-Chromium
I-Chromium isiza insimbi engagqwali ukuthi imise ukugqwala. Uma i-chromium ixutshwa nensimbi, ishintsha indlela insimbi esebenza ngayo. Insimbi engagqwali idinga okungenani i-chromium engu-10.5% ukuze ilwe nokugqwala. Izinhlobo eziningi zine-chromium eyengeziwe. I-chromium eyengeziwe isiza ukulwa nomonakalo ovela kumakhemikhali nomoya. Uma i-chromium yehla ngaphansi kuka-12%, insimbi ilahlekelwa isihlangu sayo. Ukugqwala kungase kuqale, futhi insimbi ingase ingenzi ungqimba oluqinile lokuvikela.
Insimbi engagqwali idinga okungenani i-chromium engu-10.5% ukuze ibizwe nge-stainless.
I-chromium eyengeziwe isho ukuvikeleka okungcono kumakhemikhali nomoya.
Indawo engaphezulu ayitholi isendlalelo esivikelayo uma i-chromium ingaphansi kuka-12%.
I-Chromium engaphansi kuka-12–15% ingabangela ukugqwala phakathi kokusanhlamvu.
I-Passive Film Formation
I-Chromium esensimbini engagqwali isabela nomoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni. Lokhu kwenza ungqimba oluncane olucacile lwe-chromium oxide phezulu. Ifilimu ye-passive isebenza njengesihlangu. Ivimba amanzi, umoya, nezinye izinto ezimbi ukuthi zingathinti insimbi. Lesi sihlangu sisiza insimbi engagqwali ukulwa nokugqwala. Ukuthi ifilimu ishubile futhi iqine kangakanani kuya ngokuthi ikuphi. Ezindaweni ezingenayo i-asidi, ifilimu ihlala iqinile futhi ivikela insimbi. Ezindaweni ezine-acidic, ifilimu ingaba buthaka, futhi ukugqwala kungase kuqale.
Ifilimu yokwenziwa ingazilungisa uma iklwejwa, ukuze insimbi ihlale iphephile.
Imikhawulo Yokuvikeleka
Isendlalelo sensimbi engagqwali sisebenza ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa ezinye izinto zingasephula lesi sihlangu. I-chloride ions kusawoti namanzi olwandle ingalimaza ifilimu ye-passive. Lokhu kubangela izimbobo ezincane nokugqwala okujulile. Izisekelo eziqinile kanye nomswakama omningi nakho kwenza isihlangu sibe buthaka. Umoya ongcolile ungenza ukugqwala kwenzeke ngokushesha. Lapho isihlangu siphuka, insimbi ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okulwa nokugqwala nomonakalo.
I-chloride ions yenza isihlangu siphuke ngokushesha.
Umswakama omningi, usawoti, nomoya ongcolile kuyizinkinga ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali.
Izinto ze-alloying
Indima ye-Nickel
I-Nickel isiza insimbi engagqwali ukulwa nokugqwala kangcono. Uma i-nickel yengezwa, yenza ungqimba oluqinile lwe-passive. Lesi singqimba sigcina insimbi iphephile ekugqwaleni nasekulimaleni. I-nickel isiza futhi ukumisa izimbobo ezincane ukuthi zingakheki. Lezi zimbobo zingavela kumakhemikhali aqinile. Ngisho ne-nickel encane, njengo-3%, isiza kakhulu. I-Nickel ivumela insimbi engagqwali ukuthi ihlale iqinile ezindaweni eziningi. Iphinde ibambezele ukuthi insimbi igqwala ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kusebenza lapho okungaphezulu kusebenza noma kungenzi lutho. Yingakho i-nickel ibalulekile ezinsimbi eziningi ezingenasici.
Izinzuzo ze-Molybdenum
I-Molybdenum inikeza usizo olwengeziwe ensimbi engagqwali. Kuwusizo kakhulu lapho kunosawoti omningi noma ama-chloride. I-Molybdenum isiza ukugcina ifilimu ye-passive ingaphuki. Iphinde ibambezele ukuthi insimbi iguga ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-molybdenum yakheka phezulu. Lokhu kwenza insimbi ibe ngcono nakakhulu ekulweni nokugqwala. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa okwenziwa yi-molybdenum:
Indlela |
Incazelo |
Ukuvimbela Ukuqhekeka Kwefilimu Engajwayelekile |
I-Molybdenum isiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwamafilimu e-passive oxide, ithuthukise ukumelana nokugoba ezindaweni ze-chloride. |
Ukwehliswa kwe-Active Metal Dissolution |
I-Molybdenum yehlisa izinga lokuncibilika lensimbi esebenzayo ngesikhathi sokugqwala kwendawo, isiza ekubuyiseleni kabusha. |
Ukuthuthukisa Ubuso |
I-Molybdenum ikhombisa ukunothiswa kwendawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okufaka isandla ekwenzeni ngcono ukumelana nokugqwala. |
I-Nickel ne-molybdenum ndawonye zenza insimbi engagqwali ihlale isikhathi eside. Bayisiza ukuthi ihlale iqinile ezindaweni ezinzima.
Amabanga Okumelana Nokugqwala
Insimbi engagqwali iza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Uhlobo ngalunye lulwa nokugqwala ngendlela yalo. Ithebula elingezansi liqhathanisa amabanga amathathu avamile:
Ibanga Lensimbi Engagqwali |
I-Corrosion Resistance Level |
Izici Eziyinhloko |
304 |
Kuphakathi |
Ilungele ukusetshenziswa okuvamile, imelana kancane nama-asidi anolaka nama-chloride |
316 |
Phezulu |
Ukumelana kangcono nokugqwala nokugqwala kwemifantu, kulungele ukusetshenziswa olwandle |
316L |
Phezulu kakhulu |
Ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe, kulungele izindawo zamakhemikhali ezinolaka |
Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-ferritic ne-martensitic, zinemisebenzi ekhethekile. Insimbi engagqwali yeFerritic isetshenziswa ekulungiseni izimoto namathuluzi okudla. Izinhlobo ze-martensitic zilungele imimese neziphethu. Kufanele ukhethe uhlobo olulungile lapho luzosetshenziswa khona. Amabanga anengxubevange eyengeziwe angase abize ngaphezulu ekuqaleni. Kodwa zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane ezindaweni ezinzima.
Izakhiwo ezingaphezulu
Indawo Ebushelelezi
Indawo ebushelelezi isiza insimbi engagqwali ukulwa nokugqwala. Uma insimbi ipholishwa, iyancipha. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi izinto ezifana namanzi noma amakhemikhali zihlasele. Imigodi emincane nemifantu kusho ukugqwala kunezindawo ezimbalwa ongaqala ngazo. Ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kusiza ungqimba lwe- passive kwakheka ngokulinganayo. Insimbi engagqwali ephethe kahle kulula ukuyihlanza. Ayikubambi ukungcola noma amakhemikhali kakhulu.
Ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kwehlisa ithuba lokugqwala.
Izindawo ezipholishiwe zilwa nokugqwala kwemifantu kangcono kunezingezinhle.
I-Electropolished stainless steel inefilimu engcono ye-passive.
Indawo ebushelelezi isiza insimbi engagqwali ukuthi ihlale icwebezela. Kuyayisiza futhi ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima.
Ukuhlanza Nokunakekela
Ukuhlanza nokunakekela insimbi engagqwali kugcina isendlalelo se-passive siphephile. Ukuhlanza njalo kususa ukungcola nezinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kusiza ifilimu yokwenziwa ihlale iqinile. Sebenzisa insipho ethambile kanye nebhulashi elithambile ukuze uhlanze insimbi engagqwali. Ngemva kokugeza, hlambulula ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Yomisa ngendwangu ethambile ukuze umise amabala amanzi namabala.
Khuhla kahle ukungcola ngebhulashi lenayiloni.
Sebenzisa insipho ethambile noma okokuhlanza okuphephile ensimbi engagqwali.
Hlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Yomisa ngendwangu ethambile.
Ungasebenzisi uboya bensimbi noma amakhemikhali anokhahlo. Ukuthinta i-carbon steel noma i-iron kungabangela ukugqwala. Ukugqoka amagilavu ahlanzekile kumisa izigxivizo zeminwe namamaki.
Ukuhlanza ngokuvamile kusiza insimbi engagqwali ukulwa nokugqwala. Kuyasiza futhi ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinzima.
Ukumelana Nokulimala Komzimba
Insimbi engagqwali iqinile futhi iqinile. Ingakwazi ukuphatha imithwalo esindayo ngaphandle kokugoba. Inzima kodwa ingagoba ngaphandle kokuphuka. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukubolekwa noma ukunwaya.
Impahla |
Zuza |
Amandla okuqina aphezulu |
Iphatha umfutho ophezulu kanye nengcindezi |
I-Ductility |
Iyagoba kodwa ayiphuli |
Ukuqina |
Ilwa nomonakalo ongaphezulu nokuguga |
Lezi zici zenza insimbi engagqwali ibe yinhle ezindaweni ezidinga insimbi eqinile nengagqwali. Uma iklwejwa noma iboshiwe, ungayilungisa kalula. Ukubhafa noma ukusebenzisa indwangu ethambile kungayenza ibukeke iyintsha futhi.
Insimbi engagqwali ivimba ukugqwala nokulimala ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko. Isendlalelo sokwenziwa sisebenza njengesihlangu futhi siyazilungisa uma siklwejwa. Izakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, ne-molybdenum ziyenza iqine ngokumelene nokugqwala. Izindawo ezibushelelezi nokuhlanza kusiza insimbi ukuthi ihlale icwebezela futhi iqinile. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi indlela ngayinye isebenza kanjani:
Indlela |
Ukuphumelela Ekulweni Nokugqwala Nokulimala |
I-Passive Layer |
Yenza isihlangu esivimba ukugqwala, kuyilapho i-carbon steel igqwala ngokushesha. |
Indlela Yokuzilungisa |
Isihlangu siyabumba futhi uma silimala, inqobo nje uma i-chromium ikhona. |
Izici Zemvelo |
Izinto ezinjengosawoti, ama-asidi, nokushisa zingenza ukugqwala kwenzeke ngokushesha. |
Ukukhetha izinga elifanele lensimbi engagqwali kubalulekile endaweni ngayinye. Amabanga alwa nokugqwala angcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamakhemikhali, amanzi, noma usawoti. Izimboni zokudla zidinga insimbi engagqwali engahambisani nokudla. Izitshalo zamakhemikhali zidinga amamaki angakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima. Uma ukhetha ibanga elingalungile, ungathola ukugoba, ukuqhekeka, noma ukugqwala kwengcindezi.
Insimbi engagqwali igqwala kancane kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi, ngisho noma kushisa.
Insimbi engagqwali ihlala isikhathi eside futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Ilungele futhi iplanethi. Ithebula elingezansi libala la maphuzu amahle:
Zuza |
Incazelo |
Ukuqina okunwetshiwe |
Izakhiwo zensimbi engagqwali zihlala cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunezakhabhoni zensimbi. |
Izidingo zokunakekela eziphansi |
Awudingi ukuyilungisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ilungele izindawo ezimatasa. |
Isisindo esilungiselelwe |
Iqinile, ngakho ungasebenzisa insimbi encane futhi wenze izinto zibe lula ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30. |
Ukusimama |
Insimbi engagqwali ingagaywa kabusha futhi isize ekugcineni umhlaba uhlanzekile. |
Imithetho isiza abantu ukuthi bakhethe ibanga elilungile lensimbi engagqwali ngomsebenzi ngamunye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi isebenza kahle futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Insimbi engagqwali ikhethekile ngoba ilwa nokugqwala, inamandla futhi ihlala iminyaka eminingi.
FAQ
Yini eyenza insimbi engagqwali ihluke ensimbi evamile?
Insimbi engagqwali iqukethe i-chromium nezinye izakhi. Lokhu kwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvimba ukugqwala. Insimbi evamile ayinaso lesi sihlangu, ngakho igqwala ngokushesha.
Ingabe insimbi engagqwali ingagqwala ezindaweni ezinosawoti noma ezimanzi?
Yebo, insimbi engagqwali ingagqwala ezindaweni ezinosawoti noma ezimanzi. Ama-chloride emanzini anosawoti angaphula ungqimba oluyisivikelo. Ukukhetha ibanga elilungile kusiza ukuvimbela le nkinga.
Abantu kufanele bayihlanze kanjani insimbi engagqwali ukuze bagweme ukugqwala?
Abantu kufanele basebenzise insipho ethambile, amanzi, nendwangu ethambile. Kufanele bagweme uboya bensimbi kanye nabahlanzi abanokhahlo. Ukuhlanza njalo kugcina ungqimba oluvikelayo luqinile.
Kungani amanye amamaki ensimbi engagqwali ebiza ngaphezulu?
Amabanga ane-nickel eyengeziwe noma i-molybdenum abiza ngaphezulu. Lezi zakhi zenza insimbi ibe namandla ngokumelene nokugqwala nokulimala. Amabanga aphezulu ahlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima.
Ingabe insimbi engagqwali idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngemva kokuklwebheka?
Yebo. Ukuklwebheka kungenza buthaka ungqimba oluyisivikelo. Ukuhlanza nokupholisha kusiza ungqimba ukuthi luzilungise. Lokhu kugcina insimbi iqinile futhi icwebezela.
