Simbi isina tsvina yakakosha nekuti inorwisa ngura nekukuvadza munzira nhatu huru. Iyo ine inodzivirira passive layer, yakasimba alloying zvinhu, uye akakosha epamusoro maficha. Iyo passive layer inonyanya kuve chromium oxide. Iyi layer inovhara simbi uye inovharira mvura nemhepo. Ichi chipingamupinyi chinoderedza mukana we ngura. Inobatsira simbi kuti igare yakasimba kwenguva yakareba. Nickel uye molybdenum zvinhu zvinosanganiswa. Vanogadzira
simbi isina tsvina inogara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakaoma. Nzvimbo dzakapfava uye kuchenesa kuri nyore zvinobatsira
simbi isina tsvina inodzivisa kukanganisa. Zvinhu izvi zvinobatsirawo kuti irambe ichipenya.
Kambani yedu inoshandisa zvivakwa izvi kupa yakasimba simbi mhinduro.
Iyo passive layer inobatsira kumisa ngura.
Iyi layer inoshanda senhoo pamvura nemhepo.
Kuti inoshanda sei zvinoenderana nekutarisira uye nzvimbo yainoshandiswa.
Key Takeaways
Simbi isina tsvina inomisa ngura neruzhowa rwakakosha runochengeta kunze kwemvura nemhepo.
Kuichenesa kazhinji nesipo yakapfava uye jira rakapfava kunoita kuti danda iri rirambe rakasimba uye rinomisa ngura.
Nickel uye molybdenum zvinoita kuti simbi isina tsvina isimbe uye inoibatsira kurwisa ngura, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Kutora giredhi resimbi isina tsvina kwakakosha kune rimwe nerimwe basa saka rinogara kwenguva refu uye rinoshanda nemazvo.
Nzvimbo dzakapfava dzinobatsira kumisa ngura nekuti mvura nemakemikari hazvigoni kukuvadza simbi nyore nyore.
Chromium uye Passive Layer
Stainless Simbi & Chromium
Chromium inobatsira simbi isina tsvina kumisa ngura. Kana chromium yasangana nesimbi, inoshandura maitirwo anoita simbi. Simbi isina tsvina inoda inosvika 10.5% chromium kurwisa ngura. Mhando dzakawanda dzine yakatowanda chromium. Yakawanda chromium inobatsira simbi kurwisa kukuvadzwa kubva kumakemikari nemhepo. Kana chromium inodonha pasi pe12%, simbi inorasikirwa nenhovo yayo. Ngura inogona kutanga, uye simbi inogona kusaita danda rekudzivirira rakasimba.
Simbi isina simbi inoda inosvika 10.5% chromium kuti idaidzwe kuti isina tsvina.
Yakawanda chromium inoreva kuchengetedzwa kuri nani kubva kumakemikari nemhepo.
Iyo yepamusoro haina kuwana inodzivirira layer kana chromium iri pasi pe12%.
Chromium pasi pe12-15% inogona kukonzera ngura pakati pezviyo.
Passive Film Formation
Chromium musimbi isina tsvina inopindirana neokisijeni kubva mumhepo. Izvi zvinogadzira chidimbu, chakajeka chekromium oxide pamusoro. Iyo passive firimu inoshanda senhoo. Inomisa mvura, mhepo, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaipa kubata simbi. Nhoo iyi inobatsira simbi isina tsvina kurwisa ngura. Kuti firimu racho rakakora uye rakasimba zvakadii zvinoenderana nekuti riri papi. Munzvimbo dzisina acidic, firimu rinoramba rakasimba uye rinodzivirira simbi. Munzvimbo dzine acidic, firimu rinogona kupera simba, uye ngura inogona kutanga.
Iyo firimu yepasi inogona kuzvigadzirisa pachayo kana ikakweshwa, saka simbi inogara yakachengeteka.
Miganhu Yekudzivirira
Iyo passive layer pasimbi isina tsvina inoshanda munzvimbo dzakawanda. Asi zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kutyora nhoo iyi. Chloride ions mumunyu uye mumvura yegungwa inogona kukuvadza firimu rekuita. Izvi zvinokonzera maburi madiki uye ngura yakadzika. Mabhesi akasimba uye kunyorova kwakawanda kunoitawo kuti nhovo ishaye simba. Mhepo yakasviba inogona kuita kuti ngura ikurumidze kuitika. Kana nhovo yacho inotyoka, simbi inopera simba rekurwisa ngura uye kukanganisa.
Chloride ions inoita kuti nhovo iparare nekukurumidza.
Hunyoro hwakawanda, munyu, uye mweya wakasviba matambudziko makuru esimbi isina tsvina.
Alloying Elements
Basa reNickel
Nickel inobatsira simbi isina tsvina kurwisa ngura zviri nani. Kana nickel yawedzerwa, inoita dhizaini yakasimba. Iri rakaturikidzana rinochengetedza simbi kuti isaita ngura nekukuvadzwa. Nickel inobatsirawo kumisa maburi madiki kubva pakuumbwa. Makomba aya anogona kubva kumakemikari akasimba. Kunyange nickel shoma, se3%, inobatsira zvikuru. Nickel inoita kuti simbi isina tsvina irambe yakasimba munzvimbo dzakawanda. Inononokawo kuti simbi inopera sei. Izvi zvinoshanda kana pamusoro pacho pachiri kushanda kana kuti chisingaiti. Ndokusaka nickel yakakosha musimbi dzakawanda dzisina tsvina.
Molybdenum Benefits
Molybdenum inopa rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa kune simbi isina tsvina. Inobatsira zvikuru apo pane munyu wakawanda kana chlorides. Molybdenum inobatsira kuchengetedza firimu rekuita kuti risatyoke. Zvinononotsawo kuti simbi inopera sei. Nokufamba kwenguva, molybdenum inovaka pamusoro. Izvi zvinoita kuti simbi ive nani pakurwisa ngura. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza zvinoita molybdenum:
Mechanism |
Tsanangudzo |
Kudzivirirwa kwePassive Film Kuparara |
Molybdenum inobatsira kudzivirira kuparara kwemafirimu e-passive oxide, achiwedzera kuramba kugomba munzvimbo dzechloride. |
Kuderedzwa kweActive Metal Dissolution |
Molybdenum inoderedza kunyungudika kwesimbi inoshanda panguva yekuora kwenzvimbo, ichibatsira mukudzoreredza. |
Surface Enrichment |
Molybdenum inoratidza kupfumisa kwepamusoro nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvinobatsira mukuvandudza marara ekudzivirira. |
Nickel ne molybdenum pamwe chete zvinogadzira simbi isina tsvina inogara kwenguva refu. Vanoibatsira kuti irambe yakasimba munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Corrosion Resistance Grades
Simbi isina tsvina inouya mumhando dzakasiyana. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runorwisa ngura nenzira yarwo. Tafura iri pazasi inofananidza mamakisi matatu akafanana:
Stainless Simbi Giredhi |
Corrosion Resistance Level |
Key Features |
304 |
Pakati nepakati |
Yakanaka pakushandiswa kwese, kushoma kupikisa kune aggressive acids uye chlorides |
316 |
High |
Zvirinani kuramba kugomba uye kukoromoka kwegomba, kwakakodzera kushandiswa kwemvura |
316L |
High High |
Enhanced corrosion resistance, yakanakira kune hukasha makemikari nharaunda |
Mamwe marudzi, senge ferritic uye martensitic, ane mabasa anokosha. Ferritic Stainless Simbi inoshandiswa mumotokari trim uye maturusi ekudya. Martensitic mhando dzakanakira mapanga uye zvitubu. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza iyo yakakodzera mhando kune iyo ichashandiswa. Magiredhi ane alloy yakawanda anogona kudhura zvakanyanya pakutanga. Asi dzinogara kwenguva refu uye dzinoda zvishoma kugadzirisa munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Surface Properties
Smooth Surfaces
Nzvimbo dzakapfava dzinobatsira simbi isina tsvina kurwisa ngura. Kana simbi yakakwenenzverwa, inoita shoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviomere zvinhu zvakaita semvura kana makemikari kurwisa. Makomba mashoma nekutsemuka zvinoreva kuti ngura ine nzvimbo shoma dzekutangira. Kupera kwakatsetseka kunobatsira passive layer fomu zvakaenzana. Simbi isina tsvina ine kupera kwakanaka kuri nyore kuchenesa. Haibate tsvina kana makemikari zvakanyanya.
Kupedza kutsvedza kunoderedza mukana wekupinza ngura.
Nzvimbo dzakakwenenzverwa dzinorwisa kukoromoka kuri nani pane dzakashata.
Electropolished Stainless simbi ine zviri nani passive firimu.
Nzvimbo yakatsetseka inobatsira simbi isina tsvina kugara ichipenya. Inobatsirawo kuti igare kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Kuchenesa & Maintenance
Kuchenesa uye kuchengeta simbi isina tsvina inochengeta passive layer yakachengeteka. Kuchenesa nguva dzose kunobvisa tsvina uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti firimu rirambe rakasimba. Shandisa sipo yakapfava uye bhurasho rakapfava kuchenesa simbi isina tsvina. Mushure mekugeza, geza nemvura yakachena. Pukuta nejira rakapfava kuti umise makwapa emvura uye mavara.
Geza tsvina zvinyoronyoro nebhurasho renaironi.
Shandisa sipo yakapfava kana detergent yakachengeteka kusimbi isina tsvina.
Shamba nemvura yakachena.
Pukuta nemucheka munyoro.
Usashandise mvere dzesimbi kana makemikari ane hasha. Kubata kabhoni simbi kana iron kunogona kukonzera ngura. Kupfeka magirovhosi akachena kunomisa mafingerprints nemamark.
Kuchenesa kazhinji kunobatsira simbi isina tsvina kurwisa ngura. Inobatsirawo kuti igare kwenguva refu, kunyange munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Kuramba Kukuvadza Kwemuviri
Simbi isina tsvina yakasimba uye yakaoma. Inogona kutakura mitoro inorema isingakotami. Yakaoma asi inogona kukotama isingatyoki. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kukwenya kana kukwenya.
Property |
Benefit |
High tensile simba |
Inobata high pressure uye stress |
Ductility |
Anokotama asi haatyoki |
Kuoma |
Inorwisa kukuvara kwepasi uye kupfeka |
Zvinhu izvi zvinoita kuti simbi isina tsvina ive yakanaka kune nzvimbo dzinoda simbi yakasimba uye isingaite ngura. Kana ikakweshwa kana kuti denda, unogona kuigadzirisa zviri nyore. Kubhuya kana kushandisa jira rakapfava kunogona kuita kuti ritaridzike idzva zvakare.
Simbi isina tsvina inomisa ngura uye kukanganisa munzira nhatu huru. Iyo passive layer inoita senge nhovo uye inozvigadzirisa pachayo kana yakakwenya. Alloying zvinhu zvakaita sechromium, nickel, uye molybdenum zvinoita kuti ive yakasimba kurwisa ngura. Nzvimbo dzakapfava uye kuchenesa zvinobatsira simbi kuti irambe ichipenya uye yakasimba. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti nzira imwe neimwe inoshanda sei:
Mechanism |
Kubudirira Pakudzivisa Ngura uye Kukuvadza |
Passive Layer |
Inogadzira nhovo inovharira ngura, ukuwo kabhoni simbi ichikurumidza kuita ngura. |
Self-Repair Mechanism |
Nhoo inoumba zvakare kana ikakuvara, chero bedzi chromium iripo. |
Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza |
Zvinhu zvakaita semunyu, maasidhi, uye kupisa zvinogona kuita kuti ngura iitike nekukurumidza. |
Kutora iyo chaiyo Stainless simbi giredhi kwakakosha kune yega yega nzvimbo. Magiredhi anorwisa ngura zvakanaka akanakira nzvimbo dzine makemikari, mvura, kana munyu. Mafekitari ezvekudya anoda simbi isina simbi isingabatike nechikafu. Mishonga yemakemikari inoda mamakisi anogona kubata mamiriro akaoma. Kana ukasarudza giredhi risiri iro, unogona kuwana gomba, kutsemuka, kana kusagadzikana ngura.
Simbi isina tsvina inoita ngura shoma pane dzimwe simbi, kunyangwe kuchipisa.
Simbi isina tsvina inogara kwenguva yakareba uye inoda kutarisirwa zvishoma. Yakanakirawo pasi. Tafura iri pazasi inoronga aya mapoinzi akanaka:
Benefit |
Tsanangudzo |
Kuwedzerwa kusimba |
Zvivako zvesimbi zvisina tsvina zvinogara zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura kabhoni simbi. |
Zvido zvekuchengetedza zvakaderera |
Iwe haufanire kuigadzirisa zvakanyanya, saka yakanakira nzvimbo dzakabatikana. |
Optimized uremu |
Yakasimba, saka unogona kushandisa simbi shoma uye kuita kuti zvinhu zvireruke nezvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana. |
Sustainability |
Simbi isina tsvina inogona kushandiswa patsva uye inobatsira kuchengetedza pasi rakachena. |
Mitemo inobatsira vanhu kutora giredhi rakakodzera resimbi yesimbi yebasa rega rega. Izvi zvinoita kuti simbi ishande zvakanaka uye inogara kwenguva refu. Simbi isina tsvina yakakosha nekuti inorwisa ngura, yakasimba, uye inogara makore akawanda.
FAQ
Chii chinoita kuti simbi isina tsvina isiyane nesimbi yenguva dzose?
Simbi isina tsvina ine chromium nezvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinogadzira danda rekudzivirira rinovhara ngura. Simbi yenguva dzose haina nhovo iyi, saka inoita ngura nekukurumidza.
Simbi isina tsvina inogona kuita ngura munzvimbo dzine munyu kana kuti dzine mvura here?
Hungu, simbi isina tsvina inogona kuita ngura munzvimbo dzine munyu kana kuti dzine mvura. Chlorides mumvura yemunyu inogona kuputsa danda rekudzivirira. Kusarudza giredhi rakakodzera kunobatsira kudzivirira dambudziko iri.
Vanhu vanofanira kuchenesa sei simbi isina tsvina kudzivirira ngura?
Vanhu vanofanira kushandisa sipo yakapfava, mvura, nejira rakapfava. Vanofanira kudzivisa mvere dzesimbi uye dzakakasha dzekuchenesa. Kuchenesa nguva dzose kunochengetedza ganda rekudzivirira rakasimba.
Nei mamwe mamakisi esimbi asina tsvina achidhura zvakanyanya?
Magiredhi ane nickel yakawanda kana molybdenum anodhura zvakanyanya. Zvinhu izvi zvinoita kuti simbi isimbe kurwisa ngura nekukuvadzwa. Magiredhi epamusoro anogara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Simbi isina tsvina inoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha mushure mekukwenya here?
Ehe. Kukwenya kunogona kunetesa danda rekudzivirira. Kuchenesa uye kupukuta kunobatsira iyo layer kuzvigadzirisa pachayo. Izvi zvinoita kuti simbi irambe yakasimba uye ichipenya.
