Kpɔkplɔyiɖeme
Le nu-siwo wotu ɖe ɖoɖowɔɖi dzi ƒe xexeame la, gɔmesese ƒe tɔtrɔwo gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ na kɔda sesẽ kple esi woate ŋu alé be nɛ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ. Nukpɔsusu siwo nye be woakpɔ ame siwo wokpɔ ta na kple ame ŋutɔ ƒe mɔnukpɔkpɔwo dzi la wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nusiwo wotsɔ ƒoa nuwo nu ƒui me, si nye gɔmeɖose vevi aɖe si kpɔa egbɔ be nu aɖe ƒe nɔnɔme le fɔmaɖimaɖi me. Zi geɖe la, dɔwɔlawo wɔa avu kple tiatiawɔwɔ le tɔtrɔ eve siawo dome be woada asɔ le mɔnukpɔkpɔ kple dedienɔnɔ me le woƒe dɔwɔɖoɖowo me. Nyati sia ku nu me tsitotsito le ame ŋutɔ ƒe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na ƒe nu vovovowo ŋu, eye wòdzro nusiwo wòfia le ɖoɖowɔgbalẽ vovovowo me la me.
Gɔmesese le Mɔɖeɖe Ðe Nu Ŋu ƒe Tɔtrɔwo Ŋu .
Access modifiers nye nya vevi siwo wozãna le nu siwo ŋu woƒo nu tsoe me tsɔ ɖoa klasswo, mɔnuwo, kple tɔtrɔwo ƒe asixɔxɔ. Woɖea alesi woate ŋu akpɔ klass aɖe me tɔwo le ɖoɖowɔɖia ƒe akpa bubuwo me la me. Gbãtɔ ƒe mɔɖeɖe tɔtrɔwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dutoƒo , takpɔnu , private , kple ɣeaɖewoɣi default alo ememe , le gbea nu.
Dutoƒonutowo me Nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ƒe Tɔtrɔ .
Hamevi siwo woɖe gbeƒãe be wonye dutoƒo la nye esiwo woate ŋu akpɔ tso hatsotso bubu ɖesiaɖe me. Mɔnu sia si dzi woato akpɔ wo gbɔ la ɖea mɔ be woate ŋu age ɖe eme le mɔ si keke ta wu nu gake ate ŋu ahe kadodo siwo womeɖo be woawɔ o vɛ eye woaɖe nusiwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui dzi akpɔtɔ.
Ame ŋutɔ ƒe mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔ .
la Private Access Modifier xea mɔ na klass me tɔwo ƒe dzedzeme ɖe klass si me woɖe gbeƒãe le la me. Esia naa wokpɔa egbɔ be woƒoa nu tso nu ŋu nyuie, si xea mɔ na gotagome klasswo be woagage ɖe hamevi siawo me tẽ alo atrɔ asi le wo ŋu o.
Takpɔkpɔ ƒe mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔ .
Hamevi siwo si takpɔnu si nye modifier le la nye esiwo ŋu woate ŋu akpɔ le woawo ŋutɔ ƒe hatsotso me kple to klass siwo woɖe tso eme la me. Mɔɖeɖe ƒe ɖoɖo sia da sɔ le ame ŋutɔ kple dukɔa dome , si ɖea mɔ na hatsotso suewo be woazã dɔwɔwɔwo ahakeke wo ɖe enu esime wole encapsulation vaseɖe afi aɖe.
Private vs. Protected: Vovototo Veviwo .
Vovototo vevi si le ame ŋutɔ ƒe mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔwo dome la le alesi woate ŋu akpɔ woe ƒe ɖoɖo si wonaa hatsotso suewo kple gotagome hatsotsowo me.
Mɔnukpɔkpɔ le hatsotso suewo me .
Ame ŋutɔ ƒe hameviwo mele hatsotso suewo me o, ne subclass la le package alo module ɖeka me gɔ̃ hã. Esia fia be mɔnu alo tɔtrɔ siwo woɖe gbeƒãe be wonye ame ŋutɔ tɔ la mate ŋu axɔ dome alo azã wo tẽ le hatsotso siwo woɖe tso eme me o. To vovo na esia la, ame ŋutɔ ƒe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na la le hatsotso suewo me, si wɔnɛ be domenyinyi kple nɔnɔme vovovowo wɔa dɔ nyuie.
Nusiwo wotsɔna ƒoa nu tso nu ŋu kple dedienɔnɔ .
zazã Ame ŋutɔ ƒe hameviwo doa ŋusẽ nusiwo woatsɔ aƒo ƒui to dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nyatakakawo ɣla tso klass bubuawo katã me. Esia ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe nusiwo womeɖo be woaxe o nu gake ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe nusiwo woakeke ta. Le go bubu me la, Hamea me tɔ siwo wokpɔ ta na la ɖea nyatakaka aɖewo ɖe go na hatsotso suewo, si wɔnɛ be wokekea wo ɖe enu gake woate ŋu ade afɔku me be woatsɔ nusiwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui la ade afɔku me ne womekpɔ wo dzi nyuie o.
Dɔ siwo woawɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ .
Tiatiawɔwɔ le ame siwo wokpɔ ta na kple ame ŋutɔ tɔ dome nɔ te ɖe nudidi tɔxɛ siwo le kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo si wole wɔwɔm ŋu dzi.
Ɣekaɣie woazã ame ŋutɔ ƒe .
Zã ame ŋutɔ ne èdi be yeazi encapsulation sesẽ dzi. Esia sɔ na utility mɔnuwo alo tɔtrɔ siwo mele be woatrɔ alo akpɔ wo le klass la godo o. Ekpɔa ememe nɔnɔme ta eye wòkpɔa egbɔ be tɔtrɔ siwo wowɔ le klass ƒe ememenuwo ŋu mekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe gotagome klasswo dzi o.
Ɣekaɣie woazã takpɔnu .
Tia ame ŋutɔ ƒe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na ne èle klass si woɖo be woanyi dome la ƒe nɔnɔme wɔm. Esia na be subclasses te ŋu kpɔa hamevi siawo hetrɔa asi le wo ŋu, si doa kɔda gbugbɔgazã kple kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Ele vevie ŋutɔ le ɖoɖowɔɖiwo kple agbalẽdzraɖoƒewo afisiwo keke ɖe enu nye nu vevi aɖe si ŋu wotsi dzi ɖo.
Kpɔɖeŋuwo le ɖoɖowɔgbalẽ vovovowo me .
Alesi gbegbɔgblɔ vovovowo wɔa dɔe gɔmesese le vevie ŋutɔ na gbegbɔgblɔ vovovowo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi kple na ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe ŋutete bliboa zazã.
Java .
Le Java me la, Protected Access Modifier naa nukpɔkpɔ le package ɖeka me kple na subclasses ne wole package vovovowo me gɔ̃ hã. la Private modifier xea mɔ na mɔɖeɖe ɖe declaring class la ŋu ko. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖee nye esi:
Public Class Dzila {
Protected void display() {
// takpɔkpɔ mɔnu
}
}
Public Class ɖevi keke dzila {
public void show () {
display (); // Woate ŋu akpɔe
}
} .
C++ .
C++ zɔna ɖe ɖoɖo ma tɔgbe dzi, gake wotsɔa Domenyinu ƒe Mɔɖeɖe ƒe dzidzenuwo gblɔna kpe ɖe eŋu. Woate ŋu akpɔ hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na la le klass siwo woɖe tso eme me, evɔ hamevi siwo menye ame ŋutɔ tɔ o ya mele wo si o.
Class Base {
Takpɔkpɔ:
Int Protectedvar;
Ame ŋutɔ ƒe:
Int Privatevar;
};
Klass derived : dutoƒo gɔmeɖoanyi {
void dɔwɔwɔ () {
protectedvar = 1; // Accessible
PrivateVar = 1; // Womekpɔnɛ o
}
};
Nusiwo wòfia na kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ .
Tiatia si le ame ŋutɔ si kple ame ŋutɔ tɔ dome kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò sededea ƒe asitɔtrɔ kple dedienɔnɔ dzi.
Extensibility .
na zazã Ame ŋutɔ ƒe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta dzia wò klasswo ƒe keke ɖe enu. Subclasses ateŋu anyi dome eye woawɔ wo ŋudɔ le hamevi siawo me be woatu ɖe dɔwɔwɔ si li xoxo dzi evɔ womatrɔ asi le gɔmeɖoanyi ƒe hatsotso la ŋu o.
Nu dzadzraɖo
Klas ƒe ememenuwo ƒe ɖeɖefia fũ kple ametakpɔkpɔ ate ŋu ahe beléle na wo ƒe kuxiwo vɛ. Tɔtrɔ siwo va le gɔmeɖoanyi ƒe hatsotso me ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe hatsotso suewo dzi le mɔ siwo womekpɔ do ŋgɔ o nu, si ana codebase la dzi kpɔkpɔ nasesẽ wu.
Nuwɔna Nyuitɔwo .
Nuwɔna nyuitɔwo dzi wɔwɔ kpɔa egbɔ be wò mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔwo zazã nana wò kɔpi doa ŋusẽe tsɔ wu be wòaxe mɔ ɖe enu.
Favol composition over domenyiŋusẽfianu .
Ðoɖowɔwɔ ɖe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na ŋu fũu akpa ate ŋu afia domenyinu si gbɔ eme. Bu eŋu kpɔ be yeazã nusiwo wotsɔ wɔe atsɔ aɖo kɔdawo gbugbɔgazã gbɔ, si zi geɖe la, ewɔa kɔda siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe wu eye woate ŋu alé be na wo.
Nu suetɔ kekeake si hiã be woakpɔ .
Na mɔnukpɔkpɔ suetɔ kekeake si hiã be nàkpɔe la. Ne mehiã be hatsotso suewo nasu hamevi aɖe si o la, ke na wòanye ame ŋutɔ tɔ . Nuwɔna sia ɖea nusiwo ate ŋu agblẽ le ame ŋu le vome la dzi kpɔtɔna.
Nudzɔdzɔwo ŋuti numekukuwo .
Xexeame ŋutɔŋutɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo me dzodzro le afisiwo mɔnukpɔkpɔ ƒe tɔtrɔwo ƒe tiatia kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ame dzi vevie ate ŋu ana gɔmesese veviwo nasu ame si.
Open-Source Frameworks .
Frameworks geɖewo ɖea ame ŋutɔ ƒe hameviwo ɖe go be woaɖe mɔ na dɔwɔlawo be woakeke gɔmeɖoanyi ƒe klasswo ɖe enu. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, le web frameworks me la, zi geɖe la, base controller classes kpɔa mɔnu siwo woate ŋu akpɔ ta na be woatrɔ asi le nuwɔna ŋu.
Dedienɔnɔ dzi dada tso nusiwo gbɔ eme fũ akpa dzi .
Nudzɔdzɔ aɖewo li siwo me amewo zazã ɖe mɔ gbegblẽ nu zazã na dedienɔnɔ ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔwo va le. Subclasses ge ɖe base class ememenuwo me eye wotrɔ asi le wo ŋu le mɔ siwo womeɖo be woawɔ o nu, si hea malikenyenye kple sedzidada vɛ.
Gbegbɔgblɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi .
Gbegbɔgblɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe alesi Access Modifiers wɔa nui eye ele be woabu eŋu ne wole kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖowo wɔm dzi.
Xɔlɔ̃wo ƒe klasswo le C++ .
C++ to ƒe susu vɛ xɔlɔ̃wo ƒe klasswo kple dɔwɔwɔwo , si ate ŋu akpɔ ame ŋutɔ kple ame siwo wokpɔ ta na le klass bubu me. Nɔnɔme sia naa nusiwo sesẽ la kpena ɖe mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu dzi eye ele be woazãe le nunya me.
Ŋugbledede le Java kple C# .
Gbegbɔgblɔwo abe Java kple C# ene ɖea mɔ na ŋugbledede, si ateŋu akpɔ ame ŋutɔ ƒe hameviwo le dɔwɔwɔɣi. Togbɔ be ŋusẽ le ŋutete sia ŋu hã la, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu dzi kpɔkpɔ ŋu eye ele be woakpɔ egbɔ kple beléle.
Dodokpɔ kple mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔwo .
Access modifiers ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ŋutete si le ame si be wòado kɔda la kpɔ nyuie dzi.
Ame ŋutɔ ƒe hameviwo dodokpɔ .
Zi geɖe la, dzi ɖena le ame siwo menye ame ŋutɔ tɔ o la dodo kpɔ tẽ me. Ke boŋ ele be dodokpɔwo nalé fɔ ɖe dutoƒonuƒoƒo ŋu. Gake esia ate ŋu ana wòasesẽ ɣeaɖewoɣi be woaɖo kɔda ƒe akpa blibo gbɔ.
Hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na le dodokpɔ me .
zazã Ame ŋutɔ ƒe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na ate ŋu ana dodokpɔwo nanɔ bɔbɔe to mɔɖeɖe na dodokpɔ ƒe hatsotso suewo be woakpɔ Base Class ƒe nuwɔna eye woatrɔ asi le wo ŋu. Mɔnu sia ate ŋu aɖe vi gake ele be woazãe nyuie be woaƒo asa na nusiwo dzi woanɔ te ɖo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nyatakakawo dodo ɖe ŋgɔ.
Refactoring kple Access Modifiers .
Kɔdawo gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo ate ŋu abia be woatrɔ asi le mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔwo ŋu be woana nuwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple wo dzi kpɔkpɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ .
Le nuwo gbugbɔgawɔ me la, bu eŋu kpɔ be woaɖe hameviwo ƒe asiɖoɖo edzi tso dukɔa me dzi akpɔtɔ alo woakpɔ wo ta ayi ame ŋutɔ gbɔ ne womegahiã be woate ŋu age ɖe eme wòakeke ta o hã. Nuwɔna sia nana nusiwo wotsɔ blaa nu ɖe nu ŋu nyona ɖe edzi eye wòɖea afɔku si le kadodo siwo womeɖo be woawɔ o me dzi kpɔtɔna.
Ƒo asa na tɔtrɔwo ƒe gbagbã .
Ne èle asi trɔm le mɔɖeɖe ƒe dzidzenuwo ŋu le dukɔa ƒe API me la, ɖɔ ŋu ɖo le tɔtrɔwo ƒe gbagbã ŋu. Mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ate ŋu ahe vodada siwo woƒo ƒu le kɔda me si nɔ te ɖe wò API dzi la vɛ.
Nyati Deŋgɔwo .
Nukpɔsusu deŋgɔwo me dzodzro ate ŋu ana gɔmesese kple dɔwɔwɔ le mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔwo ŋu nade to ɖe edzi.
Access modifiers le aɖaŋu ƒe nɔnɔmewo me .
Zi geɖe la, aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewoe fiaa mɔɖeɖe ƒe dzidzenu tɔxɛwo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Singleton ƒe kpɔɖeŋua bia be ame ŋutɔ ƒe xɔtutu naxe mɔ na kpɔɖeŋuwɔwɔ tso klass la godo.
Trɔtrɔwo le multithreading .
Le dɔwɔnu geɖe siwo wozãna me la, Access Modifiers wɔa akpa aɖe le thread ƒe dedienɔnɔ me. Ame ŋutɔ ƒe hameviwo ateŋu axe mɔ ɖe ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me yiyi ƒe nyawo nu gake ahiã be woawɔ ɖeka kple wo nɔewo ne woama wo le kaawo katã me.
Nyanuwuwuw
Vovototo si le ame ŋutɔ ƒe mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔwo dome gɔmesese le na vevie nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe kɔpi nyui siwo wotu ɖe nu dzi la ŋɔŋlɔ. Togbɔ be Private kpɔa egbɔ be encapsulation si sɔ gbɔ wu hã la, ame ŋutɔ ƒe hamevi siwo wokpɔ ta na la naa dadasɔ to mɔɖeɖe ɖe klass suewo ŋu me. Nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe le mɔɖeɖe ƒe dzidzenuwo ŋu doa ŋusẽ sewo ƒe dedienɔnɔ, beléle na wo, kple woƒe keke ɖe enu.
Ne wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nyuitɔwo dzi eye wobu nusiwo tɔtrɔ ɖesiaɖe fia ŋu la, dɔwɔƒe siwo wɔa wo ate ŋu awɔ kɔmpiutadɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe xɔtuɖoɖo sesẽ siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe. Mɔɖeɖe ƒe tɔtrɔ si sɔ zazã nye aɖaŋu vevi aɖe si kpena ɖe kɔmpiutadɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe nyonyome bliboa kple dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ ŋu.
