Ukuqalisa
Esikhathini sezinhlelo ezisekelwe entweni, ukuqonda ukuguqulwa kokufinyelela kokufinyelela kubalulekile ekwakheni ikhodi eqinile nekugcina. Imiqondo yamazinga okuvikelwa futhi azimele futhi idlala indima enkulu kumakhambeka, umgomo oyisisekelo oqinisekisa ubuqotho besimo sento. Abathuthukisi bavame ukubhekana nokudla ngokukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinguquko ezimbili ukuze balinganise ukutholakala nokuphepha ngaphakathi kwezicelo zabo. Le ndatshana ingena emizulweni yamalungu avikelwe , ihlola imiphumela yawo ezilimini ezahlukahlukene zokuhlela.
Ukuqonda ama-Modifiers Fice
Ama-modifiers okufinyelela ahlukahlukene amagama asetshenzisiwe ezilimini ezithambekele entweni ukusetha ukufinyeleleka kwamakilasi, izindlela, kanye nokuhlukahluka. Bachaza ukuthi amalungu ekilasi angatholwa kanjani kwezinye izingxenye zohlelo. Ama-modifiers okufinyelela ayisisekelo afaka komphakathi , okuvikelwe , okuvikelekile , futhi kwesinye isikhathi okuzenzakalelayo noma kwangaphakathi , kuya ngolimi.
Ukutholwa komphakathi kokufinyelela komphakathi
Amalungu amemezelwe njengoba esidlangalaleni kusuka kunoma yiliphi elinye isigaba. kutholakala Leli zinga lokutholakala livumela ukufinyelela okungenzeka okubanzi kakhulu kepha kungaholela ekuxhumaneni okungahlosiwe futhi kuncishiswe ukuncoma.
Ukutholwa Kokufinyelela Kwangasese
Ukufinyelela okuzimele ukufinyelela kuvimbela ukubonakala kwamalungu ekilasi ekilasini lapho kumenyezelwa khona. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinga eliphakeme lokuthola imali, ukuvimbela amakilasi angaphandle ekufinyeleleni ngqo noma ukuguqula la malungu.
Ukutholwa kokufinyelela okuvikelwe
Amalungu ane- modifier evikelwe atholakala ngaphakathi kwesigaba sawo nangezigaba ezithathwe. Leli zinga lokufinyelela ligasele ibhalansi phakathi wangasese nasemphakathini komphakathi , okuvumela ama-subclasses ukuthi asebenzise futhi anwebise ukusebenza ngenkathi kugcinwa isilinganiso esithile se-emvality.
I-Private VS. Kuvikelwe: Umehluko OBALULEKILE
Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwezinguquko zokufinyelela ezizimele nezivikelekile . ulele ezingeni lokufinyeleleka elinikezwe kuma-subclasses namakilasi angaphandle
Ukutholakala ezinsukwini ezingaphansi
Amalungu ayimfihlo awatholakali kuma-subclassses, noma ngabe i-subclass ingaphakathi kwephakeji noma imodyuli efanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlela noma okuguquguqukayo okumenyezelwe njengezimfihlo azikwazi ukuthola ifa noma zisetshenziswe ngqo emakilasini athathwe ngokuqondile. Ngokuphambene, amalungu avikelwe atholakala ngaphakathi kwama-subclasses, avumela ifa kanye ne-polymorphism ukuthi asebenze ngempumelelo.
I-EncopStion nokuphepha
Kusetshenziswa amalungu ayimfihlo kuthuthukisa ukuvalwa kwemininingwane ngokufihla imininingwane yokuqalisa kusuka kuwo wonke amanye amakilasi. Lokhu kungavimbela ukuphazamiseka okungahlosiwe kepha kunganciphisa ukunzwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalungu avikelwe aveza imininingwane ethile kuma-subclassses, enza lula ukwengezwa kepha kungenzeka ukuthi abeke umvikeli engcupheni uma kungalawulwa ngokucophelela.
Izicelo Ezisebenzayo
Ukukhetha phakathi kokuvikelekile nokungazimele kuya ngezidingo ezithile zesoftware ezithuthukiswayo.
Ukusebenzisa nini ngasese
Sebenzisa ngasese lapho ufuna ukusebenzisa amandla aqinile. Lokhu kufanelekile izindlela zokusetshenziswa noma okuguquguqukayo okungafanele kushintshwe noma kutholakale ngaphandle kweklasi. Ivikela isimo sangaphakathi futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezifundo ezingaphakathi kwekilasi akuthinti amakilasi angaphandle.
Ukuzisebenzisa Kuvikelwe Nini
Khetha amalungu avikelwe uqobo lapho uhlela ikilasi elihloselwe ifa. Lokhu kuvumela ama-subclassses ukuthi afinyelele futhi aguqule la malungu, ukukhuthaza i-Code Reuse kanye nokwandiswa. Kubalulekile kuzinhlaka zemicimbi nemitapo yolwazi lapho kuyakhazeka kuyinto ebalulekile.
Izibonelo ezilimini ezahlukene zokuhlela
Ukuqonda ukuthi izilimi ezihluke kakhulu zisebenzisa lezi zinguquko zokufinyelela zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezilimi ze-Cross-National kanye nokufaka amandla aphelele wohlelo olususelwa entweni.
Ibhera
EJava, ukuguqulwa okuvikelwe ukufinyelela kwe-Modifier kunikeza ukubonakala ngaphakathi kwephakeji efanayo nasekuhlobiseni noma ngabe kusemaphakeji ahlukene. Isitholi sangasese sikhawulela ukufinyelela ekilasini lokumemezela kuphela. Nasi isibonelo:
Umzali wekilasi lomphakathi {
abonile () {
Indlela evikelwe
)
nto
evikelwe
//
// // Iyatholakala
}
}
C ++
I-C ++ elandela iphethini efanayo, kepha ngokungezwa kwamazinga wokufinyelela amafa. Amalungu avikelwe atholakala emakilasini athathwe kuwo, kanti amalungu azimele awekho.
Isisekelo sekilasi {
sivikelwe:
I-INT Protectedvar;
okuyimfihlo:
int Privatevar ye-int;
;
Iklasi elithathwe: Isisekelo somphakathi {
umsebenzi vele () {
protedVedvar = 1; // ukufinyelela
kwe-Privatevar = 1; // ayitholakali
}}
};
Imiphumela ye-software design
Ukuzikhethela phakathi kokuvikelwe futhi kuyimfihlo kuthinta ukuguquguquka nokuvikeleka kwekhodi yakho.
Ukunzwa
Kusetshenziswa amalungu avikelwe kukhulisa ukubiwa kwamakilasi akho. Ama-subclasses angafa ifa futhi avuselele la malungu ekwakheni ukusebenza okukhona ngaphandle kokushintsha isigaba se-Base.
Ukuhlalisa
I-OvereXposing Internals avikelwe ingaholela ezinseleleni zokulungisa. Izinguquko esigabeni sesisekelo zingathinta ama-subclass ngezindlela ezingalindelekile, okwenza ikhodi ibe nzima ukuphatha.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu
Ukulandela imikhuba emihle kakhulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwezinguquko zokufinyelela kuthuthukisa ikhodi yakho kunokuba kuvimbe.
Ukuvuselela ukwakheka ngefa
I-Overreliance emalungwini avikelekile ingakhombisa ifa eleqile. Cabanga ukusebenzisa ukwakheka ukuze uzuze ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi, okuvame ukuholela ekhodi eguquguqukayo futhi eguqukayo.
Ukufinyelela okuncane okudingekayo
Nikeza isilinganiso esincane sokufinyelela esidingekayo. Uma ilungu lingadingi ukutholakala ngama-subclassses, kwenze kube yimfihlo . Lo mkhuba wehlisa amandla emiphumela emibi engahlosiwe.
Izifundo zamacala
Ukuhlola izimo zangempela zomhlaba lapho ukukhetha kwezinguquko zokufinyelela kube nemithelela ebalulekile kunganikeza khona ukuqonda okubalulekile.
Uhlaka Lomthombo Ovulekile
Izinhlaka eziningi ziveza amalungu akho avikelwe ukuthi avumele onjiniyela ukuba bandise amakilasi wesisekelo. Isibonelo, kuzinhlaka zewebhu, amakilasi okulawula izisekelo avame ukuba nezindlela ezivikelwe ezingafakwa ngaphezulu kokwenza ngezifiso ukuziphatha.
Ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha kusuka kulokho okweqile
Kube nezimo lapho ukusetshenziswa kabi kokufinyelela okuvikelwe kuholele ebungozini bokuphepha. Ama-Subclasss afinyelelwe futhi aguqulwe izisekelo zangaphakathi ngezindlela ezingahlosiwe, okubangela ukungazinzi nokwephulwa.
Umthelela wezici zolimi
Izici ezikhethekile zolimi zingathonya ukuthi ama-finyelela ama-finyelela aziphatha kanjani futhi kufanele abhekwe lapho kuklanywa isoftware.
Amakilasi Abangane ku-C ++
I-C ++ yethula umqondo wezigaba zabangane nemisebenzi, engafinyelela amalungu angezimele futhi avikelwe kwelinye isigaba. Lesi sici sengeza ubunzima bokuthola ukulawulwa futhi kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokwahlulela.
Ukucabangisisa eJava noC #
Izilimi ezinjengeJava no-C # Vumela ukuboniswa, okungafinyelela amalungu azimele ngesikhathi sokuqalisa. Ngenkathi enamandla, lokhu kungahlehlisa izilawuli zokufinyelela futhi kufanele ziphathwe ngokunakekelwa.
Ukuhlola nokufinyelela ama-Modifari
Ukuguqulwa kokufinyelela kungathinta amandla okuhlola ikhodi ngempumelelo.
Ukuhlola amalungu ayimfihlo
Ukuhlola amalungu ayimfihlo ngokuqondile kuvame ukudikibala. Esikhundleni salokho, izivivinyo kufanele zigxile ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungakwenza kube yinselele ukufezekisa ikhodi ephelele.
Amalungu avikelwe ekuhlolweni
Ukusebenzisa amalungu avikelwe kukwenza lula ukuhlola ngokuvumela ama-subclasses wokuhlola ukufinyelela nokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha kwesigaba se-Base. Le ndlela ingazuzisa kepha kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukwethula ukuncika kwemininingwane yokuqalisa.
Ukuguqulwa kanye nokufinyelela ama-Modifiers
Ikhodi yokuhlaziya ingafaka ukuguqula ukuguqula ama-modifiers okufinyelela ukuze uthuthukise ukwakheka nokugcina.
Ukunciphisa Ukutholakala
Ngesikhathi sokuphinda uphendule, cabanga ngokunciphisa ukufinyeleleka kwelungu kusuka emphakathini noma kuvikelwe ngasese uma ukufinyelela okubanzi kungasadingeki. Lo mkhuba uthuthukisa ukunqunyelwa kabusha futhi wehlise ubungozi bokusebenzisana okungahlosiwe.
Ukugwema ukwephula izinguquko
Lapho uguqula amazinga wokufinyelela kwi-API yomphakathi, qaphela izinguquko ezephula umthetho. Ukunciphisa ukufinyeleleka kungadala amaphutha wokuhlanganisa kukhodi exhomeke ku-API yakho.
Izihloko ezithuthukile
Ukuhlola imiqondo ethuthukile kungajulisa ukuqonda nokusetshenziswa kwezinguquko zokufinyelela.
Ukufinyelela kokufinyelela kumaphethini wokuklama
Amaphethini wokuqamba avame ukuchaza amazinga athile wokufinyelela. Isibonelo, iphethini ye-singleton idinga umakhi wangasese ukuvimba khona imali evela ngaphandle kweklasi.
Ukuguqulwa ku-multithing
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifundwe ngama-multithed, ukuguqulwa kokufinyelela kudlala indima ekuphepheni kwentambo. Amalungu abumele angavikela izingqinamba zokufinyelela okufanayo kepha adinga ukufinyelela okuvumelanisiwe lapho kwabiwe ngemicu.
Ukugcina
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-modifiers avikelekile futhi angasese afinyelela kubalulekile ekubhaleni ikhodi ethambekele entweni ephumelelayo. Ngenkathi yangasese kuqinisekisa inani eliphakeme, amalungu avikelwe anikela ngebhalansi ngokuvumela ukufinyelela kwe-subclass. Ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana namazinga wokufinyelela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwekhodi, ukugcinwa nokunanyakala.
Ngokunamathela kwizenzo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ucubungule imiphumela yokushintshana ngakunye, abathuthukisi bangadala ukwakhiwa kwesoftware okuqinile futhi okuguqukayo. Ukuqagela ukuguqulwa okufanele kokufinyelela kuyikhono elibucayi elinomthelela kwikhwalithi ephelele kanye nempumelelo yamaphrojekthi wesoftware.
