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Insay di eria fɔ ɔbjɛkt-oriɛnted programin, ɔndastandin akses modifya impɔtant fɔ disayn robust ɛn mentɛnable kɔd. Di kɔnsɛpt dɛn fɔ protɛkt ɛn prayvet akses lɛvɛl dɛn de ple wan impɔtant pat pan ɛnkapsuleshɔn, we na wan fawndeshɔnal prinsipul we de mek shɔ se di intagriti fɔ wan ɔbjɛkt in stet. Divɛlɔpa dɛn kin grap wit fɔ pik bitwin dɛn tu modifya dɛn ya fɔ balans aksesbiliti ɛn sikyɔriti insay dɛn aplikeshɔn dɛn. Dis atikul delv insay di nyuans dɛm fɔ protɛkt ɔwn mɛmba dɛm, fɔ fɛn ɔl wetin dɛn min na difrɛn programin langwej dɛm.
Ɔndastand Akses modifya dɛn .
Akses modifya na ki wɔd dɛn we dɛn kin yuz na ɔbjɛkt-oriɛnted langwej dɛn fɔ sɛt di aksessibiliti fɔ klas, mɛtɔd, ɛn vɛriɔbul dɛn. Dɛn de difayn aw dɛn kin akses di mɛmba dɛn na wan klas na ɔda pat dɛn na di program. Di praymari akses modifya dɛn inklud pɔblik , protɛkt , prayvet , ɛn sɔm tɛm dɛn difɔlt ɔ intanɛnt , dipen pan di langwej.
Pɔblik akses modifya .
Memba dɛn we dɛn deklare as pɔblik na dɛn kin akses frɔm ɛni ɔda klas. dis lεvεl fכ aksεsibiliti de alaw fכ di widest poshubul akses bכt i kin lid to intarakshכn we dεn nכ bin want εn ridyus εnkapsuleshכn.
Prayvet akses modifya .
Di prayvet akses modifya de ristrikt di visibiliti fɔ di klas mɛmba dɛn to di klas we dɛn de diklar dɛn. Dis de mek shɔ se dɛn gɛt ay levul fɔ ɛnkapsuleshɔn, we de mek ɛksternal klas dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ akses ɔ chenj dɛn mɛmba dɛn ya dairekt wan.
Protɛkt Akses Modifier .
Memba dɛm wit di protɛkt modifya de aksesbul insay dɛn yon klas ɛn bay derived klas. Dis akses levul de strik wan balans bitwin prayvet en poblik , alaw sabklass fɔ yuz ɛn ɛkstɛnd funkshɔnaliti we de mentɛn sɔm digri fɔ ɛnkapsuleshɔn.
Prayvet vs. Protɛkt: Ki Difrɛns
Di fondamental difrɛns bitwin prayvet ɛn protɛkt akses modifya dɛn de na di lɛvɛl fɔ aksesbiliti we dɛn gi to sabklas ɛn ɛksternal klas dɛn.
Aksessibiliti in sabklas dɛn .
Prayvet mɛmba dɛn nɔ de aksesbul na sabklas, ivin if di sabklas de insay di sem pakej ɔ modul. Dis min se di we ɔ di vayriɔbul dɛn we dɛn deklare as prayvet nɔ kin gɛt ɔ yuz dairekt wan na di klas dɛn we dɛn dɔn pul. difrεnt frכm dat, di כwn mεmba dεm we dεn protεkt de aksesbul insay sכbklas dεm, we de alaw fכ inhεrit εn polimכfism fכ wok fayn fayn wan.
Enkapsuleshɔn ɛn Sikyuriti .
Yuz prayvet memba de enhans enkapsuleshɔn bay we dɛn ayd implimɛnt ditil frɔm ɔl ɔda klas dɛn. Dis kin mek dɛn nɔ ambɔg di intafɛreshɔn we dɛn nɔ bin want bɔt i kin mek dɛn nɔ ebul fɔ du wetin dɛn want. Na di ɔda say, di mɛmba dɛn we dɛn dɔn protɛkt kin mek sɔm ditil dɛn no bɔt di sabklas dɛn, i kin mek am izi fɔ mek dɛn ɛkstɛnd am bɔt i kin mek dɛn gɛt risk fɔ ɛnkapsul if dɛn nɔ de manej am fayn fayn wan.
Praktikal Aplikeshɔn dɛn .
Fɔ pik bitwin protɛkt ɛn prayvet dipen pan di patikyula tin dɛn we dɛn nid fɔ du fɔ di softwe we dɛn de divɛlɔp.
We fɔ yuz prayvet .
Yuz prayvet we yu want fɔ ɛnfɔs strikt ɛnkapsuleshɔn. Dis na fayn tin fɔ yutiliti mɛtɔd ɔ vɛriɔbul dɛn we nɔ fɔ chenj ɔ akses ausayd di klas. I de protɛkt di intanɛnt stet ɛn mek shɔ se di modifyeshɔn dɛn to di klas intanɛnt dɛn nɔ de afɛkt di ɛksternal klas dɛn.
Ustɛm fɔ yuz Protɛkt .
Opt fɔ protɛkt yu yon mɛmba dɛn we yu de disayn wan klas we dɛn mek fɔ inhɛritɛns. Dis de alaw sabklas fɔ akses ɛn chenj dɛn mɛmba ya, fɔ protɛkt kɔd riyuz ɛn ɛkstenshɔn. I impɔtant insay fremwɔk ɛn laybri dɛn usay ɛkstensibiliti na wan impɔtant tin we de mɔna pipul dɛn.
Ɛgzampul dɛn insay difrɛn programin langwej dɛn .
Ɔndastand aw difrɛn langwej dɛn de impruv dɛn akses modifya ya impɔtant fɔ krɔs-langwej divɛlɔpmɛnt ɛn fɔ leva di ful pɔtnɛshɛl fɔ ɔbjɛkt-oriɛnted programin.
Java di 1999.
Insay Java, di protɛkt akses modifya de gi visibiliti insay di sem pakej ɛn to sabklas dɛn ivin if dɛn de insay difrɛn pakej dɛn. Di prayvet modifya de restrict akses to di deklarein klas onli. Na dis wan na wan ɛgzampul:
Pɔblik klas mama ɛn papa {
protɛkt void displei() {
// protɛkt mɛtɔd
}
}
Pɔblik klas pikin de ɛkstɛnd mama ɛn papa {
pɔblik void sho() {
display(); // Aksesbul
}
} }
C++ we de na di wɔl.
C++ de fala wan sem kayn patɛn, bɔt wit di addɛshɔn fɔ spɛsifa inhɛritɛns akses lɛvɛl dɛn. Di mɛmba dɛn we dɛn protɛkt kin akses insay di klas dɛn we dɛn dɔn pul, usay prayvet mɛmba dɛn nɔ kin ebul fɔ go de.
klas bays {
Protɛkt:
Int ProtectedVar;
Prayvet:
Int PrivateVar;
};
klas derived : pɔblik bays {
void function() {
ProtectedVar = 1; // aksesbul
prayvetvar = 1; // nɔ aksesbul
}
};
Implikashɔn fɔ Softwea Dizayn .
Di choice bitwin protekt ɛn prayvet de afɛkt di fleksibiliti ɛn sikyɔriti fɔ yu kɔd.
Ekstensibiliti .
Yuz Protected own membas de inkrisayz di extensibility of yu klass. Sabklas dɛn kin inhɛrit ɛn leva dɛn mɛmba ya fɔ bil pan di funkshɔnaliti we dɔn de ɛn nɔ chenj di bays klas.
Mek say we dɔn pwɛl
If dɛn ɔva ɛksplɔz klas insay wit protɛkt kin mek dɛn gɛt mentenɛns chalenj. Chenj dɛn na di bays klas kin impɔk sabklas dɛn na we dɛn we dɛn nɔ bin dɔn tink bɔt, we kin mek di kɔdbiz at fɔ manej.
Di bɛst we fɔ du tin .
Fɔ fala di bɛst we fɔ du tin de mek shɔ se di we aw yu de yuz akses modifya dɛn de mek yu kɔd bɛtɛ pas fɔ mek i nɔ ambɔg am.
Favor kompozishun ova inheritans .
Ɔva rilians pan di mɛmba dɛn we dɛn protɛkt kin sho se dɛn gɛt pasmak inhɛritɛns. Tink bɔt fɔ yuz kɔmpozishɔn fɔ ajɔst to kɔd riyuz, we kin rili rizɔlt insay mɔ fleksibul ɛn mentenɛns kɔd.
Minimal nid fɔ gɛt akses .
Grant di minimal levul of akses we yu nid. If mɛmba nɔ nid fɔ gɛt akses to sɔbklas dɛn, mek i bi prayvet . Dis prɔsis de ridyus di pɔtnɛshɛl fɔ di sayd ɛfɛkt dɛm wae nɔr bin want fɔ du.
Kes Stɔdi dɛn .
Fɔ chɛk di rial-wɔl sɛnɛriɔ usay di chukchuk fɔ akses modifya dɛn bin gɛt impɔtant impak kin gi valyu insayt dɛn.
Opin-sɔs fremwɔk dɛn .
Bɔku fremwɔk dɛn de ɛksplɔz protɛkt yon mɛmba dɛn fɔ alaw divɛlɔpa dɛn fɔ ɛkstɛnd bays klas dɛn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, insay wɛb fremwɔk, bays kɔntrolɔ klas dɛn kin gɛt protɛkt we dɛn kin protɛkt we dɛn kin ɔvalayz fɔ kɔstɔmayz bihayvya.
Sekyuriti brech frɔm ɔva ɛksplɔshɔn .
Dɛn dɔn gɛt instans dɛn usay dɛn nɔ yuz di protɛkt akses we dɛn protɛkt, we mek dɛn gɛt sikyɔriti vulnerabilities. Sabklas dɛn akses ɛn modifyed bays klas intanɛnt insay we dɛn nɔ bin want, we de mek instability ɛn brech.
Di impak we langwej ficha dɛn gɛt .
Langwej-spɛsifi k ficha dɛn kin inflɔws aw akses modifya dɛn de biev ɛn dɛn fɔ tink bɔt dɛn we dɛn de disayn sɔftwɛl.
Friend klass in c++
C++ introduz di kɔnsɛpt fɔ padi klas ɛn fɛnshɔn dɛn, we kin akses prayvet ɛn protɛkt mɛmba dɛn na ɔda klas. Dis ficha de ad kɔmplisiti fɔ akses kɔntrol ɛn dɛn fɔ yuz am fayn fayn wan.
Riflekshɔn na Java ɛn C#
Langwej dɛm lɛk Java ɛn C# de alaw fɔ riflɛkshɔn, we kin akses prayvet mɛmba dɛm we dɛn de rɔn tɛm. Pan ɔl we i pawaful, dis kapasiti kin ambɔg akses kɔntrol ɛn dɛn fɔ tek tɛm handle am wit kia.
Test ɛn akses modifya dɛn .
Akses modifya kin afɛkt di abiliti fɔ tɛst kɔd fayn fayn wan.
Testing Prayvet Mɛmba dɛn .
Fɔ tɛst prayvet mɛmba dɛn dairekt wan, dɛn kin jɔs mek dɛn at pwɛl. Bifo dat, tɛst fɔ pe atɛnshɔn pan pɔblik intafɛs. Bɔt sɔntɛnde dis kin mek i nɔ izi fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ kɔba di ful kɔd.
Di mɛmba dɛn we dɛn dɔn protɛkt we dɛn de tɛst .
Yuz Protected Own Members kin fasilit test bay we dɛn alaw tɛst sabklas dɛn fɔ akses ɛn modify bays klas bihayvya. Dis teknik kin bɛnifit bɔt dɛn fɔ yuz am fayn fayn wan fɔ avɔyd fɔ introduks dipɛnsin pan implimɛnt ditil dɛm.
Rifaktɔrin ɛn akses modifya dɛn .
Rifaktɔring kɔd kin involv fɔ chenj akses modifya fɔ impɔtant strɔkchɔ ɛn mentenɛbiliti.
Ridyusin Aksessibiliti .
We dɛn de rifaktɔ, tink bɔt fɔ ridyus di mɛmba dɛn aksesbiliti frɔm pɔblik ɔ protɛkt to prayvet if dɛn nɔ nid bɔku akses igen. Dis praktis de enhans enkapsuleshɔn ɛn ridyus di risk fɔ intarakshɔn we dɛn nɔ bin want.
Fɔ avɔyd fɔ brok chenj dɛn .
We yu de chenj di akses lɛvɛl dɛn na pɔblik API, tek tɛm wit di chenj dɛn we de brok. Ridyus aksesbiliti kin mek kɔmpilayshɔn mistek dɛn na kɔd we dipen pan yu API.
Advans Tɔpik dɛn .
Eksplכr advans kכnsεpt kin dip כndastandin εn aplikεshכn כf akses modifya.
Akses modifya dɛn na dizayn patɛn .
Disain patɛn kin dikte spɛshal akses lɛvɛl dɛn bɔku tɛm. Fɔ ɛgzampul, di singlton patɛn nid prayvet kɔnstrɔkta fɔ mek dɛn nɔ instans frɔm ɔdasay na di klas.
Modifiers in multithreading .
In multithreaded aplikeshɔn, akses modifya dɛn de ple wan rol insay thread sefty. Prayvet mɛmba dɛn kin mek dɛn nɔ gɛt kɔnkɔrɛnt akses ishu dɛn bɔt dɛn nid fɔ gɛt sinkroniz akses we dɛn sheb dɛn akɔdin to trɛd dɛn.
Dɔn
Fɔ ɔndastand di difrɛns bitwin protɛkt ɛn prayvet akses modifya impɔtant fɔ rayt ifɛktiv ɔbjɛkt-oriɛnted kɔd. Wail prayvet de mek shɔ se maksimam ɛnkapsuleshɔn, protɛkt ɔwn mɛmba dɛn de gi balans bay we dɛn alaw sabklas akses. Fɔ mek di disizhɔn dɛn we dɛn no bɔt di akses lɛvɛl dɛn de ɛp fɔ mek di kɔd sikyɔriti, fɔ mek dɛn kɔntinyu fɔ de, ɛn fɔ mek dɛn ebul fɔ ɛkstensi.
Bay we dɛn de fala di bɛst we fɔ du tin ɛn tink bɔt di impɔtant tin dɛn we ɛni modifya de du, di wan dɛn we de divɛlɔp kin mek strɔng ɛn fleksibul softwea akitɛkɛt dɛn. Levayj di aprɔpriet akses modifya na wan impɔtant skil we de kɔntribyut to di ɔvala kwaliti ɛn sakses fɔ sɔftwɛl prɔjek dɛm.
