Intangiriro
Mu rwego rwibikorwa-bishingiye kuri porogaramu, gusobanukirwa abahindura uburyo bwo guhindura ni ngombwa mugushushanya kode ikomeye kandi ikomeza. Ibitekerezo byurwego rwarinzwe kandi rwigenga bigira uruhare runini mugukurikirana, ihame ryibanze ryemeza ubusugire bwigihugu cyikintu. Abashoramari bakunze guhura noguhitamo hagati yabahindura bombi kugirango bahuze uburyo n'umutekano mubyo basaba. Iyi ngingo iracengera muburyo bwabanyamuryango barinzwe , ishakisha ingaruka zayo mundimi zitandukanye.
Gusobanukirwa Abahindura
Guhindura abahindura nijambo ryibanze rikoreshwa mundimi-yerekanwe kubintu kugirango ushireho amasomo, uburyo, nibihinduka. Basobanura uburyo abagize itsinda bashobora kugerwaho mubindi bice bya gahunda. Abahinduzi bambere bambere bahindura harimo rusange barinzwe , abarinzi , , kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibisanzwe cyangwa imbere , bitewe nururimi.
Guhindura rusange
Abanyamuryango batangajwe nkabaturage barashobora kuboneka mubindi byiciro. Uru rwego rwo kugerwaho rutanga uburyo bwagutse bushoboka ariko birashobora kuganisha kumikoranire idateganijwe no kugabanya ensapsulation.
Guhindura Private Private Modifier
Guhindura abikorera ku giti cyabo bigabanya kugaragara kw'abanyeshuri mu cyiciro batangarijwe. Ibi byemeza urwego rwohejuru rwo gukumira, kubuza ibyiciro byo hanze kwinjira cyangwa guhindura abo banyamuryango.
Kurinda Kwinjira Kurinda
Abanyamuryango bafite modifike ikingiwe barashobora kuboneka mubyiciro byabo no mubyiciro byakomotse. Urwego rwo kugeraho rugaragaza uburinganire hagati yigenga na rusange , ryemerera ibyiciro gukoresha no kwagura imikorere mugihe hagumyeho urwego runaka.
Private vs Irinzwe: Itandukaniro ryingenzi
Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yumuntu wigenga kandi arinzwe kubihindura biri murwego rwo kugerwaho rutangwa kumasomo hamwe nibyiciro byo hanze.
Kugerwaho mumasomo
Abanyamuryango bigenga ntibashobora kuboneka mubyiciro, kabone niyo ibyiciro biri mubice bimwe cyangwa module. Ibi bivuze ko uburyo cyangwa ibihinduka byatangajwe nkibigenga bidashobora kuragwa cyangwa gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye. Ibinyuranye, abanyamuryango barinzwe barashobora kugerwaho mumasomo, bigatuma umurage na polymorphism bikora neza.
Encapsulation n'umutekano
Gukoresha abanyamuryango bigenga byongera enapsulation uhisha ibisobanuro byashyizwe mubikorwa ayandi masomo yose. Ibi birashobora gukumira kwivanga kutateganijwe ariko birashobora kugabanya kwaguka. Kurundi ruhande, abanyamuryango barinzwe berekana amakuru arambuye kumasomo mato, byoroha kwaguka ariko birashoboka ko bishobora kugerwaho niba bidacunzwe neza.
Porogaramu Ifatika
Guhitamo hagati yarinzwe nabikorera biterwa . nibisabwa byihariye bya software irimo gukorwa
Igihe cyo gukoresha wenyine
Koresha wenyine mugihe ushaka gushyira mubikorwa bikomeye. Ibi birakwiriye muburyo bwingirakamaro cyangwa impinduka zitagomba guhinduka cyangwa kugerwaho hanze yishuri. Irinda leta yimbere kandi ikemeza ko guhindura ibyiciro byimbere bitagira ingaruka kumasomo yo hanze.
Igihe cyo Gukoresha Kurinzwe
Hitamo abanyamuryango barinzwe mugihe bategura icyiciro kigenewe umurage. Ibi bituma ibyiciro byinjira no guhindura aba banyamuryango, biteza imbere gukoresha kode no kwagura. Nibyingenzi murwego rwamasomero aho kwaguka ari ikibazo cyingenzi.
Ingero mundimi zitandukanye
Gusobanukirwa uburyo indimi zitandukanye zishyira mubikorwa ibyo bihindura ni ngombwa mugutezimbere ururimi no gukoresha imbaraga zose zo gutangiza gahunda.
Java
Muri Java, uburyo bwo kurinda burinzwe butanga kugaragara muri pake imwe no kumasomo nubwo yaba ari mubipaki bitandukanye. Guhindura byigenga bigabanya uburyo bwo gutangaza ibyiciro gusa. Dore urugero:
icyiciro rusange Ababyeyi {
bakingiwe kwerekana ubusa () {
// Uburyo bukingiwe
}
}
icyiciro rusange Umwana yagura Ababyeyi {
kwerekana ubusa rusange () {
kwerekana (); // Birashoboka
}
}
C ++
C ++ ikurikiza uburyo busa, ariko hamwe no kongeramo kwerekana urwego rwo kugera kumurage. Abanyamuryango barinzwe barashobora kuboneka mubyiciro byakomotse, mugihe abikorera atari bo.
icyiciro Base {
ikingiwe:
int irinzweVar;
wihariye:
int PrivateVar;
};
icyiciro gikomoka: Shingiro rusange
function imikorere idafite agaciro () {
irinzweVar = 1; // Birashoboka
PrivateVar = 1; // Ntibishoboka
}
};
Ibyerekeye Gukora Software
Guhitamo hagati yabarinzwe nabikorera bigira ingaruka kumihindagurikire numutekano wa code yawe.
Kwaguka
Gukoresha abanyamuryango barinzwe byongera ubwiyongere bwamasomo yawe. Amasomo arashobora kuragwa no gukoresha neza abanyamuryango kugirango bashingire kumikorere iriho badahinduye urwego shingiro.
Kubungabunga
Kurenza urugero mubyiciro byimbere hamwe birinzwe birashobora kuganisha kubibazo byo kubungabunga. Impinduka mubyiciro byibanze zishobora guhindura ibyiciro muburyo butunguranye, bigatuma codebase igoye gucunga.
Imyitozo myiza
Gukurikiza imikorere myiza byemeza ko gukoresha uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu byongera code yawe aho kubibangamira.
Gutonesha Ibigize Kuragwa
Kurenga kubanyamuryango barinzwe birashobora kwerekana umurage ukabije. Tekereza gukoresha ibihimbano kugirango ugere kode yongeye gukoreshwa, akenshi bivamo kode ihindagurika kandi ikomeza.
Kubona Byakenewe Byoroheje
Tanga urwego ntarengwa rwo kubona ibisabwa. Niba umunyamuryango adakeneye kugerwaho na subassassass, kora wenyine . Iyi myitozo igabanya ubushobozi bwingaruka zitateganijwe.
Inyigo
Gusuzuma ibintu nyabyo-isi aho guhitamo uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu byagize ingaruka zikomeye birashobora gutanga ubushishozi.
Gufungura-Inkomoko yimikorere
Ibikorwa byinshi byerekana abanyamuryango barinzwe kugirango bemerere abaterankunga kwagura ibyiciro fatizo. Kurugero, murwego rwurubuga, ibyiciro byabashinzwe kugenzura akenshi bifite uburyo bukingiwe bushobora kurengerwa kugirango uhindure imyitwarire.
Guhungabanya umutekano biturutse ku gukabya
Habayeho aho gukoresha nabi uburyo bwo kurinda byateye umutekano muke. Subclasses yageze kandi ihindurwa shingiro ryibanze imbere muburyo butateganijwe, bitera guhungabana no kurenga.
Ingaruka Ziranga Ururimi
Ururimi rwihariye rushobora guhindura uburyo abahindura imyitwarire bitwara kandi bigomba kwitabwaho mugutegura software.
Amasomo yinshuti muri C ++
C ++ itangiza igitekerezo cyamasomo yinshuti nimirimo, ishobora kugera kubikorera kandi barinzwe nabandi banyeshuri. Iyi mikorere yongeramo ibintu bigoye kugenzura kandi igomba gukoreshwa mubushishozi.
Ibitekerezo muri Java na C #
Indimi nka Java na C # zemerera gutekereza, zishobora kugera kubanyamuryango bigenga mugihe cyagenwe. Nubwo ifite imbaraga, ubu bushobozi bushobora guhungabanya igenzura kandi bigomba gukemurwa ubwitonzi.
Kwipimisha no Guhindura
Guhindura abahindura bishobora guhindura ubushobozi bwo kugerageza code neza.
Gupima Abanyamuryango Bigenga
Gupima abanyamuryango bigenga muri rusange biracika intege. Ahubwo, ibizamini bigomba kwibanda kumurongo rusange. Ariko, ibi birashobora rimwe na rimwe kugorana kugera kumurongo wuzuye.
Abanyamuryango barinzwe mugupima
Gukoresha abanyamuryango barinzwe birashobora koroshya ikizamini wemerera ibizamini byo kugerageza no guhindura imyitwarire yibanze. Ubu buhanga bushobora kuba ingirakamaro ariko bugomba gukoreshwa neza kugirango wirinde kumenyekanisha ibintu birambuye kubishyira mubikorwa.
Kuvugurura no kubona abahindura
Kode yogusubiramo irashobora guhindura guhindura uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere no kubungabunga.
Kugabanya Ibiboneka
Mugihe cyo gusubiramo, tekereza kugabanya abanyamuryango kugera kubaturage cyangwa kurindwa kugiti cyabo niba uburyo bwagutse butagikenewe. Iyi myitozo yongerera imbaraga kandi igabanya ibyago byimikoranire idateganijwe.
Irinde Guhindura Impinduka
Mugihe uhinduye urwego rwo kugera muri API rusange, witondere kumena impinduka. Kugabanya kugerwaho birashobora gutera amakosa yo gukusanya muri code biterwa na API yawe.
Ingingo Zigezweho
Gucukumbura ibitekerezo byateye imbere birashobora kurushaho gusobanukirwa no gushyira mubikorwa abahindura.
Kugera kubihindura muburyo bwo gushushanya
Igishushanyo mbonera akenshi gitegeka urwego rwihariye rwo kugera. Kurugero, icyitegererezo cya Singleton gisaba umwubatsi wigenga kugirango wirinde guhita uturuka hanze yishuri.
Abahindura muri Multithreading
Mubisobanuro byinshi, porogaramu zihindura zigira uruhare mumutekano wurudodo. Abanyamuryango bigenga barashobora gukumira ibibazo byokugera hamwe ariko bakeneye uburyo bwo guhuza mugihe bisangiwe kumutwe.
Umwanzuro
Gusobanukirwa gutandukanya abarinda umutekano n'abikorera ku giti cyabo ni ngombwa mu kwandika ibintu bifatika bifatika. Mugihe abikorera bashishoza cyane, abanyamuryango barinzwe batanga impirimbanyi yemerera ibyiciro byinjira. Gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye nurwego rwo kugera byongera umutekano kode, kubungabunga, no kwaguka.
Mugukurikiza imikorere myiza no gusuzuma ingaruka za buri gihindura, abitezimbere barashobora gukora software ikomeye kandi yoroheje. Gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo guhindura ibintu ni ubuhanga bukomeye bugira uruhare muri rusange no gutsinda kwimishinga ya software.
