Shigowa da
A cikin duniyar shirye-shirye-da-manufa mai kyau, fahimtar samun damar samun dama mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci don tsara roko da lambar da za a iya ci. Kwawarcin samun kariya da masu zaman kansu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Expapsulation, ka'idodi na asali wanda ke tabbatar da amincin jihar wani abu. Masu haɓakawa sau da yawa suna cikin zaɓi tsakanin waɗannan masu maye gurbin guda biyu don daidaita damar isa da tsaro a cikin aikace-aikacen su. Wannan labarin ya cancanci a cikin ayyukan kariya daga membobin, bincika abubuwan da suke ciki a cikin yarukan shirye-shirye daban-daban.
Fahimtar Samun Samun dama
Hanyoyi masu guba sune mahimmin kalmomi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin yaruka da ake amfani da su don saita damar zuwa azuzuwan, hanyoyin, da masu canji. Suna ayyana yadda membobin aji za a iya samun dama a wasu sassan shirin. Masudo da su na farko sun hada da , , kariya , ta sirri wani lokacin kuma wani lokaci na ciki ko na ciki , dangane da yaren.
Mai Gudanar da Jama'a
An ayyana membobin jama'a a matsayin na jama'a daga wani aji. Wannan matakin damar samun damar yada damar samun damar da zai yiwu amma zai iya haifar da hulɗar da ba za'a iya ba da shi da rage Encapsulation.
Mai Gudanarwa mai zaman kansa
Mai daidaitawa mai zaman kansa yana hana hango membobin membobin aji zuwa ga aji wanda aka ayyana su. Wannan yana tabbatar da babban matsayi na gaba, yana hana azuzuwan waje daga samun dama ko inganta waɗannan membobin.
Mai kariya mai tushe
Membobi tare da masu samar da kariya sun sami damar shiga aji kuma ta hanyar azuzuwan da aka samo su. Wannan matakin na samun damar ya bata daidaito tsakanin masu zaman kansu da jama'a , yana barin hanyoyin yin amfani da aiki yayin riƙe da wani mataki na escapsulation.
Masu zaman kansu vs. Kariyar: Mahimmanci
Babban bambanci tsakanin masu samun damar masu tsaro masu da kariya kariya a matakin da aka bayar don shawo kan hanyoyin da ke tattare da su.
Samun dama a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
Membobin masu zaman kansu ba su shiga cikin hanyoyin ba, koda kuwa subclass yana cikin kunshin guda ɗaya ko module. Wannan yana nufin cewa hanyoyin da aka ayyana azaman masu zaman kansu ba za a yi amfani da kai tsaye ba a cikin azuzuwan da aka samo. Da bambanci, membobin kariya suna iya samun dama a cikin hanyoyin da ke tattare da gādo da gādo don aiki yadda yakamata.
Encapsulation da tsaro
Ta amfani da membobin masu zaman kansu suna haɓaka haɓaka ta hanyar aiwatar da cikakkun bayanai daga dukkan azuzuwan. Wannan na iya hana tsoma baki amma yana iya iyakance m. A gefe guda, membobin kariya sun bayyana wasu cikakkun bayanai ga ƙananan bayanai, yana sauƙaƙe fadada amma yiwuwar haɗarin haɗari idan ba a gudanar da shi a hankali ba.
Aikace-aikace aikace-aikace
Zabi tsakanin kariya da sirri ya dogara da takamaiman buƙatun software da ake ci gaba.
Yaushe zaka yi amfani da sirri
Yi amfani da masu zaman kansa lokacin da kake son aiwatar da tsauraran tsauri. Wannan ya dace da hanyoyin amfani ko masu canji wanda bai kamata a canza shi ko kuma ya isa ba a waje da aji. Yana kiyaye jihar cikin gida kuma yana tabbatar da wannan gyare-gyare ga aji na cikin gida basu dace da azuzuwan waje ba.
Yaushe zaka yi amfani da kariya
Fita don kare membobin da aka kare lokacin da suke tsara aji da aka yi niyyar gado. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙaddamar da su don samun dama da gyara waɗannan membobin, haɓaka lambar sadarwa da tsawaita. Yana da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin samarwa da ɗakunan karatu inda mambobi ne mai damuwa.
Misalai a cikin yarukan shirye-shirye daban-daban
Fahimtar yadda harsuna daban-daban Aiwatar da waɗannan masu gyara suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban harshe ne kuma don leverarging cikakken damar kayan aiki.
Java
A cikin Java, mai kariya ga mai kariya yana ba da gani a cikin kunshin guda kuma don shawo kan ƙananan abubuwa ko da suna cikin fannoni daban-daban. Mai ba da izini na mai zaman kansa yana ƙuntata damar zuwa aji kawai. Ga misali:
Iyayen aji na jama'a {
mai kariya ta jama'a () {
Ana kiyaye hanyar da aka kare
//
kariya
a Public of Yaro ya tsayar da iyaye {
jama'a vide
nuna (); // Ana samun damar zuwa
}
►
C ++
C ++ yana bin tsarin irin wannan, amma tare da ƙari da tantance matakan shiga gado. Membobin kariya suna iya samun damar shiga cikin azuzuwan da aka samo, yayin da membobin masu zaman kansu ba su bane.
Cold Castaliba {
kiyaye:
Intaredvar;
Masu zaman kansu:
Int Soonvar;
};
aji da aka samu: Tushen jama'a {
comper Aikin aiki () {
kariya na kariya = 1; // mai amfani da
mobpar = 1; // ba a iya samun dama ba to
}
;
Abubuwan da Software don ƙira
Zabi tsakanin kariya da masu zaman kansu yana shafar sassauci da kuma tsaro na lambar ku.
M
Yin amfani da membobin kariya suna ƙara yawan azuziyarku. Subblasses na iya gada da leaza wa annan membobin su gina kan ayyukan da ke gudana ba tare da inganta aji a gindin ba.
Goyon baya
Matsaloli tare da kariya tare da kariya na iya haifar da ƙalubalen tabbatarwa. Canje-canje a cikin yankin da ke cikin tushe na iya tasiri hanyoyin rage hanyoyin da ba a yuwuwa ba, yin wuya ga CireBase don gudanarwa.
Mafi kyawun ayyuka
Ashe, mafi kyawun ayyuka yana tabbatar da cewa amfanin ku na masu samun damar haɓaka lambar ku maimakon hana shi.
Fahimtar da kayan haɗin kai
Mafi yawan membobin kariya suna iya siginar gado. Yi la'akari da amfani da tsarin yin amfani da lambar sadarwa, wanda yawancin lokuta yana haifar da mafi sassauci mai sauƙi.
Minimal ya zama dole dama
Ka ba da karamin matakin samun dama. Idan memba baya buƙatar samun damar shiga ta hanyar subcllates, sanya shi mai zaman kansa . Wannan aikin yana rage yiwuwar sakamako masu illa.
Nazari na Case
Nazarin yanayin duniya na gaske inda zabi na damar samun dama yana da mahimman tasirin iya samar da ma'anar mahimmanci.
Tsarin bude-tushen
Manufofin da yawa suna tona asirin membobinsu don ba da damar masu haɓakawa don haɓaka azuzuwan Tasitus. Misali, a tsarin yanar gizo, azuzuwan masu sarrafawa sau da yawa ana iya lalata hanyoyin da za'a iya wuce gona da iri.
Jerin tsaro daga mafi yawan lokaci
Akwai wasu lokuta inda ba amfani da damar samun kariya ta haifar da raunin tsaro. Kasuwancin da aka samu a yankin da aka tsara a cikin hanyoyin da aka tsara a cikin hanyoyin da ba a kula ba, yana haifar da rashin fahimta da keɓaɓɓe.
Tasirin kayan aikin harshe
Takamaiman kayan fasalolin harshe na iya tasiri yadda ake samun daidaito masu daidaitawa suke nuna kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari lokacin da ƙira software.
Azuzuwan aboki a cikin C ++
C ++ yana gabatar da manufar azuzuwan aboki da ayyuka, wanda zai iya samun damar shiga membobin wani aji. Wannan fasalin yana kara hadadden ci gaba don samun damar sarrafawa kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi da laifi.
Tunani a cikin java da c #
Harsuna kamar Java da C # suna ba da izinin tunani, wanda zai iya samun damar shiga membobin masu zaman kansu a lokacin mulkin. Duk da yake mai iko, wannan damar na iya lalata ikon samun damar shiga kuma ya kamata a kula da kulawa.
Gwaji da samun damar masu gyara
Hanyoyin samun dama na iya shafar ikon yin gwajin yadda ya kamata.
Shirya mambobi masu zaman kansu
Membobin masu zaman kansu kai tsaye ana karaya. Madadin haka, gwaje-gwaje yakamata su mai da hankali kan musayar jama'a. Koyaya, wannan wani lokaci yana iya sa shi ƙalubalen yin cikakken ɗaukar lambar lambar.
Membobin kariya a cikin gwaji
Yin amfani da mambobin kariya suna iya sauƙaƙe gwaji ta hanyar ba da damar subs gwaji don samun damar daidaita aji na yau da kullun. Wannan dabara na iya zama mai amfani amma ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a hankali don gujewa gabatar da dogaro game da cikakkun bayanai.
Refacting da samun damar masu gyara
Lambar shakatawa na iya haɗa canje-canje na samun damar haɓaka tsari don inganta tsari da ci gaba.
Rage isa
A lokacin da ake kokarin, yi la'akari da rage isa ga jama'a daga idan ba a buƙatar jama'a ko kuma kare kansu samun damar shiga. Wannan aikace-aikacen Ingantawa yana kwance kuma yana rage haɗarin abubuwan da ba a kula da shi ba.
Guji canje-canje na karya
Lokacin da ke tabbatar da matakan shiga a cikin API, ku yi haƙuri da canje-canje na karya. Rage isa damar iya haifar da kurakuran abinci a cikin lambar da ta dogara da API.
Batutuwa masu ci gaba
Binciken tsinkaye na iya zurfafa fahimta da aikace-aikacen samun dama.
Samun damar shiga cikin tsarin ƙirar
Tsarin ƙira sau da yawa yana ba da takamaiman matakan samun damar shiga. Misali, tsarin Singletton yana buƙatar maginin mai zaman kansa don hana kamun kai daga waje da aji.
Masu gyara a cikin ambaton
A cikin aikace-aikacen da yawa, masu ƙyalli suna taka rawa a cikin amincin zaren. Membobin masu zaman kansu zasu iya hana batutuwan samun dama amma suna buƙatar samun aiki tare lokacin da aka raba zaren.
Ƙarshe
Fahimtar rarrabewa tsakanin masu kariya da masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu suna da mahimmanci don rubuta lambar daidaitaccen abu. Yayin da masu zaman kansu suke tabbatar da iyakar hanyar rufewa, membobin kariya suna ba da daidaituwa ta hanyar ba da damar shiga cikin ƙasa. Yin shawarar yanke shawara game da matakan samun dama yana haɓaka tsaro na lamba, ci gaba, da haɓakawa.
Ta hanyar bin mafi kyawun ayyuka da la'akari da abubuwan kowane mai gyara, masu haɓakawa na iya ƙirƙirar robust da ƙarin kayan aikin software. Levingarfafa Samun damar da ya dace shine mahimmancin fasaha wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingancin gaba da nasarar ayyukan software.
